overview of biogas in india - global methane initiative · overview of biogas in india anil dhussa...
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OVERVIEW OF BIOGAS IN INDIA ANIL DHUSSA ADVISER, MINISTRY OF NEW AND RENEWABLE ENERGY, NEW DELHI
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Thermal , 58%
Hydro , 18%
Nuclear 2%
Renewable, 13%
Gas, 9%
Thermal 1,56,000
Hydro 40,000
Gas 21,000
Renewable 30,000
Nuclear 4800
Indian Power Sector at a Glance Total installed capacity : 2,30,000 MW
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Indian Renewable Energy at a Glance Total Installed capacity 30,000 MW
Wind, 20300 MW 69%
Bio Power, 3,800 MW
14%
Small Hydro 3,770 MW
13%
Solar 2200 MW 4%
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5th Position in overall RE Capacity
Installation world-wide 5th largest Wind Power capacity 2nd largest number of Biogas plants 6 million decentralized RE systems Renewable is the second largest source
of power generation after thermal.
Renewable Energy in India - Credentials
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Agricultural residues / energy crops 141 M.ha. of arable land producing over 700 MTA
biomass – estimated surplus ~ 150 MTA 50 M.ha arable land is under mono cropping -
potential for short cycle cellulosic biomass. Cattle dung and Poultry droppings • 1000 MTA from 300 million cows & buffaloes. • 8 MTA from 500 million poultry birds. MSW By 2020 urban population likely to be 550 mil - would
generate > 100 MTA of MSW
Potential of Biogas in India
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Agricultural residues / energy crops o Biomethanation of Bio-waste enhances energy security
through efficient utilization of local resource. Manure o AD produces superior organic manure, required for
sustaining soil fertility. o Industrial AD Plant residues can be treated to produce
organic fertilizer of assured quality Municipal Solid Waste o Rapidly growing urban pollution and scarcity of land
necessitate alternate solutions to landfills o Decentralised Biogas Plants for treating segregated
organic MSW would be an effective solution
Importance and Relevance of Biogas
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Biogas in India A few broad applications
o 4.7 M Household biogas plants based on cattle manure mainly for producing cooking fuel
o Mid sized biogas plants based on cattle manure and other similar wastes for heat, electricity or motive power
o Biogas from urban and industrial wastes and effluents
o Co-digestion of farm / agricultural residues with urban and industrial wastes
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Some Recent Projects
o 2.4 MW project based on mix of poultry droppings, cattle
manure along with some agro industrial wastes after MW scale projects based on only cattle dung
o About ten projects on production and upgradation of biogas to Compressed Natural Gas Quality fuel. Capacity ranges from 0.4 to 8 TPD bio-CNG.
o 1.6 MW power from sugar industry solid waste o Bio-CNG and Power from biogas at distilleries and STPs o Biogas upgradation to Natural Gas Quality, Bio-CNG, for use
as transport fuel These projects are in addition to the household units, small
and large power generation projects based on cattle manure and industrial wastes
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Biogas Plant DesignsTop: Floating drum Bottom:Fixed dome
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Biogas from Industrial Wastes Likely WTE Capacities
o Distillery effluent : 1 MW / 30 kL o Dairies (milk processing) : 100 kW / 3 lakh litres o Paper Mills (Black Liq.+) : 1 MW / 60 TPD paper o Slaughterhouse waste : 100 kW / 10-12 TPD o Poultry droppings : 1 MW / 1 Million birds o Cattle manure : 100 kW / 25 TPD
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Biogas from distillery spent wash: One of the major sources
o Capacity
o Biogas production
o Power generation :
- Steam turbine route
- Reciprocating Engine
o Cost
o Payback period
30 kL 12000 cum./day 0.5 MW 1 MW Rs. 45 Mill / MW
3-4 years
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Biogas Project at a Dairy Complex in Ludhiana
Capacity: 1.0 MW power from biogas produced from about 250 tonnes/day of cattle manure
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1.2 MW power project based on cattle manure
Dairy Colony in Jabalpur
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Biogas from bagasse wash water Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Papers Company
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Biogas from solid waste at Slaughter-house
Capacity: 3000 cum / day
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Biogas from Sugar Industry Solid Waste (Press mud)
Sugar Industry produces solid waste known as Press Mud
Quantity of Press Mud produced is about 3.5 to 4% of the sugarcane crushed
Biogas yield per tonne of press mud : 100 cum. (40 kg Bio-CNG or 50 litres diesel) Biogas yield per tonne of cane crushed: : 4 cum. (1.6 kg Bio-CNG or 2 litres diesel)
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Parameters Biogas Bio-CBG Methane (v/v) 55-65% 92-98% CO2 (v/v) 35-45% 2-8% H2S (ppm) 500 – 30,000 <20 ppm Moisture Saturated < -40 deg Other Impurities Present Not present Calorific Value (LCV)
~ 19500 kJ/kg ~ 52000 kJ/kg
1 kg of BioCBG= 1.5 liter of Petrol
Character-istics of Bio-CNG
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First large scale Bio-CNG plant in India
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Biogas cleaning system for H2S removal
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Biogas cleaning system for CO2 removal
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Bio-CNG Cascade
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Use of digested press mud as Organic manure
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Maize Cabbage
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Government Support for Biogas Programme
o Subsidy for installation : ~20% of cost o Preferential tariff for sale of generated
electricity o Fiscal Incentives / Concessions
- Accelerated depreciation - Import duty - Excise duty for RE devices - Income Tax o Sponsorship for Research and Development
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Other Policy Measures for promotion of Biogas Programme
o Open access to electricity grid for the power from renewable sources including AD
o Preferential tariffs assigned by State regulators for sale of electricity
o RE Power Obligations for Transmission Companies o Captive generation decontrolled o Policy framework for pumping upgraded Biogas
into gas grids and for price fixation for Bio-CNG – work in progress