overview introduction the level of abstraction organization & architecture structure &...
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Overview Introduction The Level of Abstraction Organization & Architecture Structure & Function Why study computer organization?
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We will study the design, structure and internal organization of comput
er system. It can be studied at many levels of a
bstraction.
Introduction
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What is Computer?
Computer
a fast electronic calculating machin e, which accepts digitized input info
rmation, process it according to a p rogram, stored in its memory, and
produces the resultant output information.
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The Automobile Driver Automobile mechanic Automobile designer Automobile engineer Chemist or Metallurgist
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Level of Abstraction Operating systems level Programming language level Functional organization level
Hardware design level
The laws of physics
Computer science
Electrical engineering
Physics
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Operating System Level
Deals with : Packages, jobs, canned routines
Computer view : A black box that solves problems
Level of Abstraction
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Programming language level
Deals with : Programs, statements, loops, conditions
Computer view : - A collection of problem solving prim
- itives in a high level language
Level of Abstraction
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Functional organization level
Deals with : Memory, processors, I/O devices, registers
Computer view : A collection of major hardware subs
ystems
Level of Abstraction
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Deals with : Gates, circuits, chips, boards
Computer view : A collection of discrete electrical co
mponents
Hardware design level
Level of Abstraction
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Deals with : Electrons, atoms, magnetism
Computer view : A physical system composed of ele
mental particles
The laws of physics
Level of Abstraction
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Organization & Architecture
Computer Architecture Those attributes of a system visible to a
programmer Those attributes that have a direct impa
ct on the logical execution of a program - Example : instruction set, I/O mechanis
m, memory addressing techniques,num ber of bits used for data representation.
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Organization & Architecture
Computer Organization Those attributes include hardware det
ails transparent to the programmer. The computer system’s resources. Study structure and function of comp
uter component. - Example : control signal, memory, int
erface between components.
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Structure and Function Structure : The way in which the
components are interrelated. Function : The operation of each
individual component as part of the structure.
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Structure
Main structural components Processor Memory I/O System Interconnection
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Function
Basic functions of computer Data Processing Data Storage Data Movement Control
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Why study Comp. Organ.? Allow you to intelligently evaluate,
compare and select computer equi pment and peripherals.
Allow you to understand how to writ e optimized and more efficient prog
ram. Almost every branch of CS requires
a background in Comp. Organ.
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Intel Pentium III 100 MHz 128 MB SDRAM 30GB HDD -48XCDROM 56K Fax/Modem 814Intel E Chipset direct AGP 17WXGA
Computer for sales Computer for sales
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Intel® Core™ 2 Duo Processor T8100
(3MB L2 Cache, 2.1GHz, 800MHzFSB) 3 G B DDR2 SDRAM 320GB Hard Drive DVD RW 256MB ATI Bluetooth 154. ” WXGA Display with TrueLife™ Wireless 1397
Computer for sales Computer for sales
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Hardware Software People Data
Computer System
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Central Processing Unit Memory Unit Input/Output Unit Storage devices System buses
Hardware (Computer Component)
Computer System
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System software - Operating System : Dos, Windows, Un
ix Compiler
Application software Word Processing Payroll System
Software
Computer System
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End user Programmer System analyst System administrator
People
Computer System
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Data : Fact Information : Process data
Data
Information
Data Processing
Data
Computer System
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von Neumann architecture
All contemporary computer design are base on three key concepts :
Data and instructions are stored in a single- read write memory.
The contents of this memory are addressa ble by location
Execution occurs in a sequential fashion fr om one instruction to the next
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Programming in Hardware
Customized
Hardware
Sequence of Arithmetic
and LogicFunctions
Data Results
Hardwired program
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InstructionInterpreter
Programming in Software
Instruction Codes
-General Purpose Arithmetic and
Logic FunctionsData Results
software
Control signals