overview and i l t ti f itpgrfa implementation of itpgrfa...
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Overview and i l t ti f ITPGRFA implementation of ITPGRFA
in Lebanon.in Lebanon.
Lebanon is a small Lebanon is a small (( ))country (country (10 452 10 452 kmkm22), ),
located in the Near East located in the Near East Fertile region where Fertile region where domestication of species domestication of species ppstarted ten thousand started ten thousand years ago.years ago.
Lebanon Characterize by a Lebanon Characterize by a climatic diversity ranging climatic diversity ranging
from semifrom semi--arid to humid, that arid to humid, that allow for a large number of allow for a large number of
plant genetic resources to liveplant genetic resources to live
Cultivated area in 2007
Cereals25%
Others9% 25%Olives
21%
Vegetables15%Fruit treesFruit trees
30%
The main crops grown in Lebanon are olives, fruit trees and The main crops grown in Lebanon are olives, fruit trees and l h til h ti 2020% f th t t l lti t d% f th t t l lti t dcereals each representing over cereals each representing over 2020% of the total cultivated area % of the total cultivated area
in the country, followed by tubers and fruity vegetablesin the country, followed by tubers and fruity vegetables..
Loss in species number96 terrestrial species are listed as rare
Endemism in Lebanon: 843948 Species 2597 Species
t h bit t i
Mouterde (1966) Tohmeh (2007)
• to habitat conversion
•adoption of new varieties•adoption of new varieties
• land reclamation
• climate change
•overgrazing
International Treaty on l iPlant Genetic Resources
for Food and Agriculturegbased on the Law No. 559 dated 11/2/2004, Lebanon has signed and ratified the International Lebanon has signed and ratified the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for food and Agriculture
Objectives are:
C i d i bl fConservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and AgricultureAgriculture
•Equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of their use
Main obligations Main obligations in the ITPGRFA
According to the article 5.1,The contracting parties are obliged to promote appropriate parties are obliged to promote appropriate policy and legal measures :
C ti l ti ll ti •Conservation, exploration, collection, Characterization , Evaluation and documentation of plant genetic resources for documentation of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture.
•Sustainable use of plant genetic resources •Sustainable use of plant genetic resources
• Farmers' rights
•The Multilateral System for access and benefit-sharing
Implementation of The ITPGRFAImplementation of The ITPGRFA
LARILARI
MOA MOEUniversities
CNRS
Farmers NGOSNGOS
.
Activities Related to ITPGRFAto ITPGRFA
1- Ex situ conservation
Some PGRFA stored
in ICARDA
Th L b A i l l R h I i (LARI) i ll b i i h ICARDAThe Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute (LARI) in collaboration with ICARDA, collected more than 1969 accessions of wild wheat relatives and forage from Bekaaregion and conserved them in CGIAR (ICARDA) gene banks.
Species and number of accessions related to the Annex 1 of the treaty stored at CGIAR (ICARDA) genebanks.
Number of accessions
Species Crop
1 Vicia ervilia Faba Bean/Vetch 36 Vicia faba 1 Vicia hybrida 2 Vicia mollis
37 Vicia narbonensis 3Vicia palastina 3Vicia palastina3 Vicia peregrina 9 Vicia sativa 1 Vicia sp 1 Vicia villosa
104 Medicago sativa Medicago2Medicago scutellata 2Medicago scutellata
25 Medicago rigidula 71 Medicago truncatula 1 Trifolium alexandrinum Trifolium1 Trifolium arvense 3 Trifolium repens
19f l 19Trifolium resupinatum2 Dactylis glomerata Dactylis1 Onobrychis sp Onobrychis7 Zea Mays Maize2 Vigna unguiculata Cowpea et al
43 Triticum aestivum Triticum9 Triticum monococcum 4 Triticum secal
112 Triticum turgidum 16 Triticum urartu 9 Triticosecale sp. Triticale
360Sorghom bicolorSorghum 360Sorghom bicolorSorghum1 Solanum melongena Eggplant3 Pisum sativum Pea
84 Lens culinaris Lentil15 Lens ervoides 4 Lens orientalis
47Cicer arietinumChickpea 47Cicer arietinumChickpea1 Cicer pinnatifidum
52 Hordeum vulgare Barley1 Lathyrus gorgoni Grass pea 2 Lathyrus hierosolymitanus
1095 Total
LEBANESE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCHINSTITUTEPLANT BREEDING DEPARTMENT
Millennium Seed Bank Project
In Collaboration With
Royal Botanic Gardens-UK
Species related to the Annex 1 of the treaty stored at LARI genebanks (Tal amara)
Crop Species Number of species
Atriple At i l t l At i l ib t 2Atriplex Atriplex patula, Atriplex semibaccata 2
Beet Beta vulgaris 1
Brassica complex Barbarea plantaginea, Biscutella didyma, Brassica cretica, Brassica rapa, Crambe orientalis, Diplotaxis erucoides, Isatis lusitanica, Lepidium sativum, Lepidium spinosum, Raphanus pugioniformis, Raphanus
14
raphanistrum, Raphanus sativus, Sinapis alba, Sinapis arvensis Yams Dioscorea communis, Dioscorea orientalis 2
Faba Bean/Vetch Vicia canescens, Vicia cuspidate, Vicia palaestina, Vicia parviflora, Vicia sativa, Vicia tenuifolia
6
Lotus Lotus corniculatus, Lotus tenuis 2
Medicago Medicago astroites, Medicago sativa 2
Melilotus Melilotus albus 1
Trifolium Trifolium angustifolium, Trifolium arvense, Trifolium resupinatum 3
Agrostis Agrostis stolonifera 1Agrostis Agrostis stolonifera 1
Arrhenatherum Arrhenatherum elatius 1
Dactylis Dactylis glomerata 1
Festuca Festuca arundinacea 1
Lolium Lolium perenne 1
Phalaris Phalaris aquatica 1
Phleum Phleum pratense 1
Pearl Millet Pennisetum setaceum 1
Sorghum Sorghum halepense 1
Solanum Solanum alatum, Solanum nigrum 2
Total 44
More than 1500 wild accessions representing 972 species are stored both at LARI and RBG seed banks.
Fruit trees species conserved ex situ at LARI stations
Type of conserved Type of conserved varietiesvarieties
Number of varietiesNumber of varietiesSpeciesSpecies
L l i dL l i d3232OlOl Local accessions and Local accessions and advanced cultivarsadvanced cultivars
3232Olea europeaOlea europea
Local accessions and Local accessions and advanced cultivarsadvanced cultivars
4040Vitis viniferaVitis vinifera
Advanced and improved Advanced and improved cultivarscultivars
3232Prunus domesticaPrunus domestica
Advanced and improved Advanced and improved cultivarscultivars
2424Prunus armeniacaPrunus armeniaca
Advanced and improved Advanced and improved cultivarscultivars
2121Prunus aviumPrunus avium
Advanced and improved Advanced and improved cultivarscultivars
1717Prunus persicaPrunus persica
Advanced and improved Advanced and improved cultivarscultivars
1212Prunus dulcisPrunus dulcis
Local accessionsLocal accessions2828Ficus caricaFicus carica
Advanced and improved Advanced and improved cultivarscultivars
6969Citrus spCitrus sp
Traditional accessions and Traditional accessions and improved cultivarsimproved cultivars
3232Vitis vinifera Vitis vinifera
307307TotalTotal
Regarding fruit species, field gene banks were established at LARI
the Lebanese Agricultural Researchthe Lebanese Agricultural ResearchInstitute allocates some of its budget tofund programmes for the conservationsfund programmes for the conservationsof genetic resources.
A national seed bank will be establishedin the next couple of years underin the next couple of years undertechnical and scientific advice of RoyalBotanic gardensBotanic gardens
2- In situ conservation
Projects related to in jsitu conservation
•Strengthening of national capacity and grassroots in-situ conservation for sustainable biodiversity protection” (MoE/UNDP/GEF; 1996-2005) •Conservation of wetlands and coastal zones in the Mediterranean-•Conservation of wetlands and coastal zones in the Mediterranean-MedWetCoast” Project (MoE/UNDP/FFEM; 2002-2006)•Integrated management of cedar forests” Project (MoE/AUB/UNEP/GEF;2004-2007)(MoE/AUB/UNEP/GEF;2004 2007)•Stable institutional framework for protected areas management-SISPAM"Project (MoE, EC LIFE; 2004-2007) •Conservation and sustainable use of dryland Agrobiodiversity”Conservation and sustainable use of dryland Agrobiodiversity(LARI/UNDP/GEF; 1999-2005)•Sustainable use of natural resources Project (Private Initiatives/IBSAR;2004-2006)/ ; )•Wild edible plants: Promoting dietary diversity in poor communities of Lebanon” Project (IDRC/AUB; 2004-2006)•Mainstreaming biodiversity management into medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPS) (LARI/UNDP/GEF; 2008-2012)
Nature reserves in Lebanon (in-situ conservation)
Horsh Ehden: Law 121, 9/3/1992
Palm Island: Law 121, 9/3/1992
Shouf Cedars: Law 532, 24/7/1996
Tyre Coast: Law 708 5/11/1998Tyre Coast: Law 708, 5/11/1998
Bentael: Law 11, 20/2/1999
Yammouni: Law 10, 20/2/1999
Tannourine Cedars: Law 9 20/2/1999Tannourine Cedars: Law 9, 20/2/1999
Protected areas in Lebanon: 200Km2
The in situ conservation and management of genetic resources has increased in Lebanon over the recent years. This is reflected by an
increase in the number of protected areas spread across the countryincrease in the number of protected areas spread across the country. Seven natural reserves have been established between 1992 and 1999
through laws approved by the parliament.
3 Characterization of Plant3- Characterization of Plant Genetic ResourcesGenetic Resources
Morphological Characterization
Molecular Characterization
Shamouti 4
Shamouti Moro Sokkari 64 5 7 6
Ovoïde
Cl ifC éif Claviforme FusiformeSemi-deltoïde Cunéiforme
Morphological DiversityAbou sorra 3 Sokkari 6 of CITRUS SINENSIS
48 accessions8 access o s
6 t 0 266 groups at 0.26
Dendogram of 48 accessions of Cit sinensis b d 86Citrus sinensis based on 86 discriminant morphological traits
Ear shapeSpike colour
Diversity of salamouni Diversity of salamouni wheat variety
Spike density
Glume shape
Diversity of salamouniheat a iet
20/300 Lines
wheat variety
20/300 Lines
Dendogram of different lines of Salamouni wheat variety based on 24 discriminant morphological traitsvariety based on 24 discriminant morphological traits
Wild Almond
A .c om m un is It an it e
A . ko rsh in sk y i W a di fa a ra
A . c om m un is Z e gh r in e
A . c om m un is K o usay a 32
A . com m un is Ko usa ya 3 3
Va r . K ha ch a bi
A . ko rsh in sk y i A inat a
Va r . B a la di
Va r . H a la wan i do uble k er ne ls
Va r .M et wi
A . o r ien ta lis W a di K ah il
A . o rien ta lis W a di So ue id
A . o rien ta lis W a di Z a aro ur
A . o rien ta lis A in Sh aa b
A . o rien ta lis Ze ghr ine
A . o rien ta lis W a di t urkm an
A . spa rtio id e s Fe rz o l
C o effic ie n t0 .3 0 0 .3 6 0 .4 2 0 .4 8
Dendogram constructed from 16 single-locus SSR using SimGen program, g p g ,Jaccard distance, and UPGMA clustering
Vitis vinifera
A i Abi d G
47/48
Diversity of berry shape
Amarcani AbiadLoulhalou Aasiri Maksasi Ashlamish Abiad Khoudri Zaitouni Boulbouli Asouad Ashlamish Ahmar Souri Zahlaoui
Groupe I
G II
Souri ZahlaouiSouri Souri MhayyarOubaidiMariami Nari Moukh Al-BaghelNabiZeiny NihRins
Groupe II
Oubeidi: Round Samaani Abiad: Oblate Maghdoushi: Obtuse ovate Al-Mir: Obovate
RinsZagfzaghani Maghdoushi Amarcani Asouad Bzaz Al- Anzi Amarcani Souri Ainouni Asouad Baitamouni Asouad Houzairani B i i
Groupe III
BaitamouniKarn Al- Ghazal Gnoubi Gbaii Arasani Asali Al-Mir Maghdoushi MgaddadYafaoui Raha
Groupe IV
Baitamouni: Oblong Karn Al-Ghazal: Arched Baitamouni Asouad: Narrow elliptic Zaghzaghani: Elliptic
0 10 1
Misky Souri Asouad Bakhouri Tfaifihi AasmiSamaani AsouadBourjiAriSamaani Abiad
Groupe V
Groupe VI
Dendogram constructed from 9 morphological traits, using SimGen program Jaccard distance and UPGMA
0.10.1 Distance de Jaccard
program, Jaccard distance, and UPGMA clustering with 48 accessions.
Bi diBi di 11 Biadi mtawalBiadi mtawal Biadi hameriBiadi hameriBiadi Biadi 11 Biadi mtawalBiadi mtawal
Biadi sghirBiadi sghir Biadi Biadi 22 Biadi Biadi 99
MeskiMeski Aswad Aswad 1010Kaab ghazalKaab ghazal
Aswad Aswad 99 Aswad assaliAswad assali
Diversity fruit shape of fig
Aadlouni
37/62
Ficus carica
Jabali 2Hmayri Aswad 8 Aswad 11 Chatawi 5 Jeld-el-TawrAasfouri Bertati Aalayni Naaoussi 1 Bekrati 3 Aadlouni
Biadi 11Biadi 12 Biadi 2 Biadi 4 Biadi 5 Biadi 6 Biadi 7 Biadi 9 Biadi sghir Inbi Jabali 1 Jabali 2
AassaliSbaii 2 Sbaii 3 Sbaii 1 Chebli Aswad 14 Jammali Américan Bekrati 4 Biadi 10 Biadi 1 Biadi 11
Aswad 2French 1
Chatawi 3 Chatawi 4
Meski Soukari
Ahmar Aswad 6 Aswad 4 Chatawi 1 Arassi
I i l iAswad sghir Aswad 10 Aswad 12 Chatawi 6 Chatawi 2 Naaoussi 2 Bekrati 7 Bekrati 1 Biadi hameri Sidani Bekrati 2
0.10.10.1Iraqui 2 Iraqui 1Chatawi 8 Kaab ghazal Bekrati aswad Iraqui sultani
Dendogram constructed from 11 single-locus SSR, using g g gSimQual program, Jaccard distance and UPGMA clustering with the 62 fig clones
27/36Olea europea
Baladi1 Hermel Baladi2 Quana
Shami Koura Baladi1 Ain
Single Linkage
Baladi1 Ain Baladi1Aain Baal Baladi1Rmediyeh Roumani4 Quana
Dal1 Bakifa Baladi3 Quana
Baladi Roumani Deir Aamess Remmani3 Koura
Abou Chawkeh el-Fakeh Baladi Kbir1 Koura
Balah el-Labweh Baladi2 Nabi Chite
Roumani 1 Aitaroun Bisani2 Aitaroun
Baladi3 Koura Baladi6 Koura Aayrouni Shouf
Remmani7 KouraRemmani7 Koura Sabbighi Shouf Baladi10 Koura Baladi3 Shouf
Baladi5 el-Fakeh Baladi Mabroum1 Koura
Remmani1 Koura Baladi Jlot Lala Baladi1 Sheheen
Roumani7 Quana Baladi2 Hermel
Baladi2 Ain Bisani2 Bakifa
Kalbe el-Tair el-Labweh Baladi2 Rmediyeh
Baladi1 Janata
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.60.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6Euclidean Distances
Dendogram of 36 olive accessions based on 15 discriminant morphological traits
4-Seed multiplication
The Lebanese Agriculture Research Institute is conducting some development Institute is conducting some development activities such as:
•Production of quality seeds (mainly wheat) in order to provide treated and cleaned wheat seeds to the farmerscleaned wheat seeds to the farmers.
55-- In vitroIn vitro propagation propagation for the production of for the production of for the production of for the production of
certified materialcertified material
Sanitation by mersitem culture or thermotherapy thermotherapy
Micropropagation
Application for economically important crops:
- Stone fruits- Banana
S b- Strawberry- Potato- Caper and ornamentals
6-Notification to the Multilateral System
The Lebanese Agriculture Research Institute The Lebanese Agriculture Research Institute introduced 44 species for 19 crops listed in Annex 1 under the conditions of the Annex 1 under the conditions of the Standard Material Transfer Agreement of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
Species related to the Annex 1 of the treaty stored at LARI genebanks (Tal amara)
Crop Species Number of species
Atriple At i l t l At i l ib t 2Atriplex Atriplex patula, Atriplex semibaccata 2
Beet Beta vulgaris 1
Brassica complex Barbarea plantaginea, Biscutella didyma, Brassica cretica, Brassica rapa, Crambe orientalis, Diplotaxis erucoides, Isatis lusitanica, Lepidium sativum, Lepidium spinosum, Raphanus pugioniformis, Raphanus
14
raphanistrum, Raphanus sativus, Sinapis alba, Sinapis arvensis Yams Dioscorea communis, Dioscorea orientalis 2
Faba Bean/Vetch Vicia canescens, Vicia cuspidate, Vicia palaestina, Vicia parviflora, Vicia sativa, Vicia tenuifolia
6
Lotus Lotus corniculatus, Lotus tenuis 2
Medicago Medicago astroites, Medicago sativa 2
Melilotus Melilotus albus 1
Trifolium Trifolium angustifolium, Trifolium arvense, Trifolium resupinatum 3
Agrostis Agrostis stolonifera 1Agrostis Agrostis stolonifera 1
Arrhenatherum Arrhenatherum elatius 1
Dactylis Dactylis glomerata 1
Festuca Festuca arundinacea 1
Lolium Lolium perenne 1
Phalaris Phalaris aquatica 1
Phleum Phleum pratense 1
Pearl Millet Pennisetum setaceum 1
Sorghum Sorghum halepense 1
Solanum Solanum alatum, Solanum nigrum 2
Total 44
44 species for 19 crops introduced under the SMTA
7 R7-Reports
•The Lebanese Agriculture Research Institute reported to the secretariat of the International reported to the secretariat of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture information related to the Multilateral gSystem of access and benefit-sharing of Lebanon (IT/GB-4/11/Inf.9 Appendix 5) (Chehade, 2010).
•The Ministry of Environment was prepared the third national report of Lebanon to the third national report of Lebanon to the convention on biological diversity (Jaradi et al, 2005). )
Lebanon has already prepared theLebanon has already prepared the second country report on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture,.Resources for Food and Agriculture,.
websitewww.pgrfa.orgwhich is available on
8-LegislationAccording to the Law No. 559 dated 11/2/2004 that allows the Lebanese government to join
the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for food and Agriculture, a draft law
On On the management of Plant genetic resources for
Food and Agriculture in LebanonFood and Agriculture in Lebanonis currently under preparation in order to be
issued by the parliament
The Lebanese Agriculture Research Institute that is a focal Point has made amendments on that is a focal Point has made amendments on the draft law in coordination with MOA, MOE, Universities and CNRS.
Model Law on The Management of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
The Minister of Agriculture shall be responsible for the implement tion of thi L (A ti le5)
Genetic Resources for Food and AgricultureArab Organization for Agricultural Development
implementation of this Law (Article5)
The Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute shall be responsible for carrying out the functions assigned to the Authority under this Law carrying out the functions assigned to the Authority under this Law (Article 6)
A Plant Genetic Resources Committee will be established (Article 7)A Plant Genetic Resources Committee will be established (Article 7)
Conservation of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (Article 8)(Article 8)
Sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (Article 9)( )
Protection and promotion of farmers’ rights (Article 10)
Protection of farmers' plant varieties (Article 11)
Implementation of the Multilateral System (Article 12)
9 W k h 9-Workshops related To PGRFA
•Workshop on negotiating and discussion a Lebanese model law on the management of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture, held at the Lebanese Agriculture Research Institute, Rayak Tal amara ( 18 21/10/2009)Rayak Tal amara ( 18-21/10/2009).
Reducing Vulnerability to Climate Change in Agricultural SystemsChange in Agricultural Systems
Organized by LARI and held in Baalbeck (11-12/10/2010).
O f th i iti d ti id tifi d b thi One of the prioritized options identified by this workshop aimed to maintain the genetic diversity of the dominant wild species and local diversity of the dominant wild species and local varieties adapted to climatic change of Baalbeck region for wheat, barley, Prunus, fig and caper
National needsThe government of Lebanon should consider the plant genetic resources and their sustainable use as a national priority. In this regard, there is a need to:
•Provide financial support for training and strengthening i f t t (G B k)infrastructure (Gene Bank)•Scientific, technical and educational trainings aiming at technology transfer
•Define the genetic resources found in Lebanon and its location
Raise awareness for farmers and consumers using common .Raise awareness for farmers and consumers using common languages and vulgarized information
•Promote the function of the plant genetic resources committee •Promote the function of the plant genetic resources committee to finalize the Lebanese model law on the management of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture in order to be issued by the parliament by the parliament