OVEMBER, 1924 Twenty Cents

BIRTH CONTROL REVIEW

BIRTH CONTROL ORGANIZATIONS THE AMERICAN BIRTH CONTROL LEAGUE, Iuc

Headquortcrr 104 FIRTH AVENUE, NEW YORE CITY M m u m S A N O ~ , Pr lndsn t ANNE K a n x m r , Secfslary

FUNCM B A C K E ~ ~ A N N , f r s w w r r Maa Law= L D E L A ~ ~ D J Nonn H SLEE, Asdulant T r ~ a m ~ ~ e r

Dsrrctora C C L m , D Sc h n o ~ Sm- P H D Mw AINU G P o u m Maa F Roaannan-Joals M u RICH- B m m w M u GWMK H DAT, SP Mw Dxxzrn Buaouar M m THOMM N Hrcpmuw

J o n r C VALTOEAN, M D B s s r ~ a l a I TXLTON, M.D

Rationa! Conned M n Ernm R Mr. N 1 M o r e blur W Mn Arthur L L . m n c c N Y W ~ l l ~ r m Allen Putey M D I11 MIS Oat- Ama bhu oba F a d M D I U Mr and M n Smnr1.u ~ I I . N Y Mr. Bnocb Rau4 r . D u n Th7r.a W Amos Pa b811bam J \ddn& N Y Pmfasor E C Lnd-", N C Aamn I h a n o t l M D C.l o.wh L Bncr M D Ill I, M n Lmcm Ford N Y Judge Ben L t n d w 6 1 M n C C R u - N Y

rs R a h r t Perbn. Bau N H &r Will8.m H Garr4 N Y L m n c c I auh6eld M D, Pa Mn H o r n Sr G.mdsq N I% Ma, 1 Btwlow M D 6 1 M n Karr Cram Gam. G I O r e s R Lo.. k Y h Elguhtb So+m. N Y Altc. Stone Blackrdl Mass Prof Frmklsn H Gzddtngs N Y Mr Rokr t ~ % v e t t I11 Maw Sba r N Y Mr Geargr B1ummtb.l N Y Rnbbs S tdnn E Co1d.m~. N Y MrCormzck N Y Mr. oho Wsntrn Brmnan N Y M n R o k n B G w 1 U %&?$ h4cDou8.11 M s a lira WxIInrd Stran h c N Y

Reynold A S p a a h Ph D Md

Low.i Br.nt.oo N Y Dr and Mr. Ernat?? Grueolu N Y Mr. Wm A %raw Mwh Kenneth Taylor h f ~ N Y A l ~ r Butler M D 0 Alate Hamalion M D M a u Rabbt Louw I Mann Ill M n Charla Tatlany N Y Mr and M n Thomas L Chadbour s N Y M n Learned dad N Y Dr Hnnrr 0 Mare, MIIS M n Shrllq Tolhura C.1 Wolloam Hamlln Cbslds N Y Qd.nck C H d r l M D N Y MI .mu H M a u m Pa Mri Stephen Clark N Y

Florence G u a m Tuttlq N Y Florence B a ~ r d Hil la DJ ~do l /Mcyr r M D Md

M n Frank l Cobb. N Y Prof Ssmud J Holma. Calnf Re. S t n u t L h l o s N I

Abraham M ~ e m n M D Msts Rabbi Rudolph I COB- Ph D, Cd Donald R Hmkm M D MawI*nd am- G Needham Ph D N Y

Prof John B Watson N Y

Leon J 61. D Sc D C M n John Swam l a m a G I * idnar Wm F %burn, N Y M n Norman de R Whttehour N Y

klorkn Craly N Y Dr R a w d l H Jobom", Pa Raymond Pearl Ph D Md Pmf Walter F Wcllms N Y

M n Ball. de never. N J Mr. Otto H K a b s N Y Prnfcvor W l l u B P ~ t b n . N Y hGu M a w W~lnsor Pa

S Adolpbos K q f M D, N Y Horrtio M Po l lv t Ph D N Y Prnfa3.3, A B Wolk Oh,. Mr. Rope Yutmsn Pa

L s ~ o n r BUNCHM MIDDLE WESTERN STATES COMMITTEE C A ~ l m a N u

A L A X E ~ A Couxrr Prendent, Mrs H G Hdl, Oakland Churman D r John FanU. Chzcago, IU SAN FMNCISCO Chacrman Mr Raymond H Arnold, San Francisco SOWHEBY CALIPOPNIA Temporary Chasrman, Mrs E b b e t h Sec"tav Mr. Walter L Beuson, Wsnetka. I11

McManns, Los Angeles &LORAW Secretary, Ruth Vlncent, Denver

- C ~ N N E C T I C ~ Prerndonl Mrs George H Day, S r , Hartford INOUNA Pre~ldent , D r Amella R Kellar, Indlanapolls NEW Y O ~ K STATE LIOISL~TIVE COMXITTLE

WAYNE COUNTY Pvaatdsnt, Mrs W F Spangler, Richmond NEW YOBX CITY Cha~rman Mrs Rlchard Bllllngs IOWA Preatdent Dlrs Edward A Llngenfelter, Des Molnes s~~~~~ Cha~rman Mrs 0 M Cobb M ~ s s ~ c n u s e n s Temporary Chasrman Mrs W E Cannon, Cambridge MICIIIOAN Preatderrl Mrs W~lllam A McGmw, Det ro~t ScneYEnAuY Chawman, Rev Phllbp F r ~ c k OHID--CIYCINWATI Prea~dent, D r Ralph Reed, C~ncrnnatl RoCHE~TE~ Chowman, Mrs Thomas J Swanton P z x N w ~ v A u r ~ BUPFAW Chasrman Mrs S Merrlll Clement, J r

E A ~ E E N PENN~YLVAVIA Vace-Prsrdent, Mrs Oakley, KEW G A ~ D Z N S Chatrman Mrs J Blshop Vandever Phdadelphla

R ~ ~ n z u o PrastdetJ Rev L Grlswold Wdhams, Readlng SMmWTOwN Chawman, Mrs Frank M Leavltt T r n - D ~ ~ u s C o x a r n e r Chatrmnn, Mrs Albert Walker, Dallas CEDARHU- Chrnrman Mrs John Scott Browning, J r Bnrrrsn C o ~ u ~ s u Pres~dsnt, Mr A M Stephen, Vancouver FrusIrrNo Cha~rman, Mrs Fenley Hunter

NOVEMBER C O N T E N T S 1924 EDITOEIAL SOT

Margaret Sanger 10 Englam>d-A Doctor on Btrth Control- A ~ L E S C E N T I x ~ s n a m AND THX SALVAOINO OF

Parents Rcspon.nbzlrty-TI~e D~ccmber ~ ~ c t n n g A M E ~ U N GI~LHWD, by F I Davenport-Anncs U Porn t t 324

The Genes18 of Dnvorce, by Percy Clark, P h D SO9 Shows rhc rclrtron ktween sex educruon Borrh Control a d

l n ~ P E O P ~ ' s CO~POFATION, by Ktng C Utllotte 526

brppy mrrrxrgc PIIOMOTIOK o r HY~IEXE 0 1 MATEQNITP AND INFANCY,

AoveaT~s~No B ~ T H C~NTEOL. by Annts Q Porn l t Sll AND FOSTER HOMES m a DEPENDENT CHILDEEN,

Tcllnng 01 one method ol braadcastar~ Bnrth Control CIZILD~EN'S BUREAU P w ~ r c ~ m o x - A (I P 926

The Modem Greek Mother, by Ueorgs Baranton PEEIODICA~~ .%a Bwxs Rzcarren

The Ml~outer's Plea, A Story, by Anna Allan BnUantrm 315 oUa hanramNnENla' CoLuIN, 526

LABOZ FAXILIES AS A MENACE TO C n m WELF-, by Hornell H a r t P h D FROM VEU JANE PEASE 521

Keeptug Up v l t h Menerul, by Helen Ward Bromfield z:: G"'mruL CoBasamvDENls 527 A vxvtd pcture d i b conrrpaenra of ovompulat~on NEWS N o n s

A Toua m a BIPTH CONT~OL by Anna Kennedy 918 A w o r t of r journey ortoss the rontmntnr

New Y~rk-Cnl~forura-Conneetrcut-Iowa 528

Why Make Chsnty Cases? 520 MISSOU~I-New Jersey-Texas-West Vtrgmla- Lctrer. procertlng rgrmst k ~ n g forced unto paupcnsm Canada-England 929

JOIIANN Feacxr, Austr~an Ploneer, by E m ~ l y F Rwder 922 Russla 950 B w x R~vlews COmlng Events 392

PEOCEEDIN~S oP C O P E C F r a n k 8 C Wwkr 529 Ova Coxm1~rno.a 954

Publwhed by THE AMERICAN BIETR CONTBOL LEAGUE, INC

Monthly on the first of each month Subscr~pt~on price, $2 00 a year Entered ar Second Clara Mottar March 11 1018 a t the port ofice a t New York N Y under tho Act of March 8 I879

6he BIRTH CONTROL REVIEW OIU'ICIAL ORGAN OF T H E AMERICAN BIRTH CONTROL REVIEW

Four Steps to Om Coal - Ag~tabooq Educat~on, Organuabon, Legralatron

MARGARET SANGER, Edztor ANNIE G PORRITT, Managzng Edator

VOL V I I I NOVEMBER, 1924 No 11

T HE vislt of Margaret Sanger to England In October was short, but of great importance

She left New York on September 27, mth the m- tent~on of returning withm a month She had thus only a couple of weeks m England for the Im- portant work she had set herself to accomplish He r msslon concerned the arrangement of the pro- gramme of the Slxth Internatlonal Birth Con- trol and Neo-Malthusian Conference which wlll be held m New York March 26-31,1925 Mrs Sanger felt that thls Conference w111 be of as much ~mport- ance to the Blrth Control Movement m England as to the movement here and that she had a right to expect Enghsh support It was therefore wlth the vlew of consultmg the leaders and supporters of the Enghsh movement that she undertook the voyage When the Conference assembles, ~t mll be found that-largely as a result of Mrs Sanger's vlslt- Englishmen of the hlghest standmg m the sclentlfic and medlcal world wlll be present to lend then a16 The Flfth Internatlonal Blrth Control Conference was held m London m 1922 Amerlcan delegates then took a full share In the proceedings They contributed a large number of the papers, and Mrs Sanger was the most prormnent speaker a t the pub- llc meetlng held in connection wlth the Conference M r H G Wells was chalrman of that meetlng, and among the men who attended and spoke a t the sesslons of the Conference were Lord Dawson of P ~ M , the Kmg's physlclan, Slr W Arbuthnot Lane, J Maynard Keynes, the Economist and E W MacBrlde the Biologist December 6, Mrs Sanger mll speak at a publlc meetlng to be held m Carnege Hall There she wlll tell of her mlsslon to England and ~ t s success She wlll recount what has been accomplished In thls country durlng 1924 and what IS planned for 1925 Few people realm the extent and scope of the work that IS belng done by the American Blrth Control League The sub- ject IS of the most vltal mterest, lndlvldually for the prevention of suffering, soclally for the sweeping away of poverty and slums, and nationally for the abolltlon of war and the substltutlon of peace and goodwlll between natlons

V E R Y great encouragement 1s acciulng to the advocates of Bilth Control from tlie fzct th l t

doctors are defimtely tackling the problem ~ n d con- slderlng ~t from ~ t s practical as well as its tlieoietl- cal aspects D r Wllliam Allen Pusey, Plesident of the Amerlcan Med~cal Assoclatlon gave an enormous Impetus to this tendency when he de- voted a portion of hls presldentlal address to the support of Blrth Control And now Dl PlIorrls Flshbeln, Associate Edltor of the Jouinal of the Amerlcan Medlcal Association, makes 111s con- trlbutlon in the October Issue of the Alilellcnll Mercury It IS true that D r Fishbein is not en- thuslastlc for Blith Control But he bilngs no arguments whatever agalnst ~t I n fact, he t a c ~ t l ~ accepts all that has been sald conceining ~ t s de- slrablllty and concerning the danger to ck\ lllzntloll of uncontrolled reploduction HIS pessl~l~lsnl is zn Indictment of the lnedlcal piofess~on rather than of the advocates of Blrth Contiol H e tlunks tlizt phys~clans have as yet failed to pelfect "1n.r method of Blrth Control thzt IS pliys~olog~callv psychologically and blologlcally sound III both principle and practice " If this be true, and the most enthusmst~c believers In B ~ r t h Contiol adliilt that the ldeal contmcept~re is yet to be discovered, what does ~t mean, except that doctors have hltliel- to neglected thls field of researcli~ The a\ el ige doctor knows llttle more about Birth Contlol tli un "the man m the street " It IS not taught In the medlcal schools and wlth a few eminent evceptlons no research has been made into nlethods and re- sults, no cllnlcal data collected and no expel lliients conducted w t h a vlew to 11nplol lng methods Tlic exceptions Include the Dutch cllnlcs, fol nli~ch the clalm IS made that they have pelfected zn 7ppl1- ance admirably fitted to tlie wolnea who use these cllnlcs, the Engllsh cllnics wlilch 7s 7 et 11.1\ e olllv a few years of work behlnd tlieni, qnd the leseilch bureau under the direction of Dl Do~otllv Bockel established by Mzrgaiet S ~ ~ i g c l In New Yolk 115t yezr How long have do,to~\ n7oil;ed on t u l ~ l - culosls7 Wzs cancer conqucied Tftel tno . r c~ i s ' work

308

D R F I S H B E I N IS also pe s s~m~s t~c concerning B ~ r t h Control because he is conv~nced that ~t

will be lmposs~ble to get people of the "lowel stratum of society" to practice ~t H e cannot lmaglne these "males" and "females" havlng re- course to "complex mechan~sms m the name of human~ty " Perhaps he IS r ~ g h t Probably con- sideration for the future, would have l~ t t l e power to move them But what does move them, and move them deeply, IS the thought of then- own happiness and well-bemg and the fear of havmg ch~ldren who must go hungry and uncared for Of these mot~ves the seventy thousand "plteous lettersv-as D r F~shbeln well calls them- whlch Mrs Sanger rece~ved last year, glve ample evl- dence And of thew readmess to take great pams to avoid conception D r Bocker's cl~nlc can furnlsh, m the short twenty months of ~ t s existence, some three thousand cases In evldence Whatever D r F ~ s h b e ~ n may say of h ~ s fellow men among the poor -and not a few of Mrs Sanger's letters come from husbands-the women a t least are polgnantly eager to make any sacr~fice of present ease and pleasure, for the sake of securing themselves aga~nst much- dreaded, unwllhng motherhood Before pronounc- mg hls opln~on on Blrth Control, ~t would have been wlse for D r Flshbeln to go and see for hlmself-at the only c l ~ n ~ c In Amer~ca where records of Blrth Control are available-whether poor women are w ~ l l ~ n g to use such methods as have been discov- ered, and just what percentages of success and fall- ure have been arr~ved at But though D r Fishbe~n has faded to glve due study to B ~ r t h Control m pract~ce-he shows e~ther ignorance or mal~ce when he wrltes of h ~ s med~cal confrere as MISS Bocker, showing how llttIe value he attaches to her remark- able work-he does look forward to progress in the future H e sketches lightly the exper~mental work that has been done In X-ray ster~llzat~on of wh~te rats, po~ntlng out the danger of usmg such method wthout much more research than has yet been de- voted to ~t H e seems really impressed by the pos- s ~ b ~ l ~ t y of lmmunlzlng women for a longer or shorter per~od by means of ~nject~ons, such as are fam~liar In regard to typho~d fever and other dl- seases H e devotes nearly a quarter of h ~ s art~cle to a d~scuss~on of t h ~ s poss~b~hty, and ends up by statmg that ~f sclence IS able to develop some such method as thls, perm~ttmg ~nd~vlduals to be sterll- ized temporar~ly w ~ t h the~r own consent, and re- newable after a defin~te per~od-a method that w~ l l not depend for ~ t s effect~veness on any mental or physical act~on of the persons concerned a t the t~ine of sexual act~v~ty-a feas~ble method of B ~ r t h Con- trol w ~ l l have been found Rejecting the ~mpl~ca- tion that no "feasible method" already ex~sts, we shall be the first to welcome the improved method wh~ch D r Flshbe~n here outllnes as poss~ble

Bz? 1% Control Remew

N a recent Issue of the New York World, Row- land Thomas d~scusses the problem of juven~le

delmnquency, as illustrated In the many cases that come before the courts H e quotes Judge Talley of N Y General Sess~ons, as saylng "The Un~ted States has become the most lawless nat~on on earth and ~ t s adolescent ch~ldren are respons~ble for t h ~ s unenv~able distmct~on " But, In M r Thomas's opmlon, the responsib~lity IS not on the children, but on the parents "Every child, w~thout excep- t~on," he wr~tes, "has a father and a mother Why should not these parents be held d~rectly respon- slble for mak~ng them ch~ldren behave themselves 2"

A httle parable ~llustrates h ~ s meanlng "An auto- mob~le," he contmues, "holds fewer and smaller potent~al~t~es of soc~al destruct~veness than an un- cm~hzed or VICIOUS adolescent It IS not a free agent It cannot roam the world wthout a gu~de and guard~an A n unruly car cannot beget a flock of l~ t t l e automob~les lnher~ t~ng or lm~ ta t~ng ~ t s anti- social tendenc~es And the evil commun~cat~ons of one fract~ous young runabout cannot corrupt the good manners of a whole ne~ghborhood of doc~le coupes Yet we forb~d any c~tlzen to own an auto- mob~le w~thout a I~cense, and hold h ~ m to very s t r~c t accountab~hty for its conduct-~nfllct~ng on h ~ m , not on hls charge, cond~gn and drastlc pun~shrnent for defect~ve brakes, poor I~ghts, and even such tnv~al l t~es as l e t t~ng a motor smoke, or falling to see a traffic s~gnal-wh~le we let anybody who has the hunch become parent of a chlld and punlsh the ch~ld, not h~m, ~f ~t turns out a bad ch~ld Why not a statute-a const~tut~onal amendment ~f necessary -mak~ng parents cr~mlnally l~able for the behav~or of thelr offsprmg2" Before such a statute could be passed, B ~ r t h Control must be accepted by so- c~ety as the only method by wh~ch really respon- s~ble parenthood can be ensured

UR readers and frlends In and near New York are urged to keep m mmd the Publ~c Meet~ng

In Carneg~e Hall, on December 6th The meetmg w~l l be free, and everyone 1s ~nvlted It IS held to celebrate the endmg of the thlrd year of work of the Amer~can B ~ r t h Control League, wh~ch was organ~zed a t the close of 1921 It is hard to real~ze the change that has come over publlc opln~on slnce that date Blrth Control, the very name of wh~ch was then taboo, has become the theme of publ~c and pr~vate dlscuss~on all over the world Statesmen are begmn~ng to see In ~t a remedy for poverty, un- employment, s~ckness and war Men and women look to ~t for salvat~on from crushmg famlly bur- dens, and lovers of ch~ldren see In ~t the endmg of Ch~ld Labor and of the explo~tat~on of ch~ld l ~ f e But the v~ctory is not yet won Come to the meet- Ing, and help us to go over the top w ~ t h Blrth Con- trol, wh~le your help 1s st111 needed 2nd of value

November, 1924

The Genesis of Divorce

T HE following article is the result of several years experience as assistant to my father, a

doctor in Chicago, I l l , in a large free clinic, from two years of experience as a preacher in central New York State, and several years work upon the psychology and physiology of birth control

Early last spnng I was asked to glve a talk in a large city of up-state New York I spent an evening whlle there w ~ t h a young marrled couple, fnends of mlne They had two children only eighteen months apart I n the course of the evening I told them my rmssion there-to give a talk on the subject "Some statistical aspects of the Birth Control question " When the young husband took me back to the hotel he asked what I knew about Blrth Control During our talk he sald that he felt that In his own famlly life something had to be done H e went so far as to say, indeed, that for weeks he had been considering the advisability of finding whatever sexual sat~sfaction was indispen- sable outside the home, so that neither he, nor his \nfe-especially-need fear the consequences

The sequel to the story was wr~tten last August a t the home of D r W F Roble, in Baldwinville, Mass, when I was there on a visit of three or four days One evening he plcked up a pile of letters from his desk, and without telling the names of the authors, read a few of them, to show the number and k~nds of letters he recelved In less than a week One was from a young w f e who said that she was 26 She had two children only e~ghteen months apart, and was expect~ng a thlrd when the second would be onlv 15 months old Three bab~es In less than three y&rs! She felt she was doing her duty by bringlng three children into the woild, at least for a time, and longed for strength, health, and time to devote herself to them

Her greatest dread, she sald, was the coming of t h ~ s third baby, not because of the pain and suffer- ing which she faced, but because of the posszbzlztzes afterward She dreaded her return home from the hospital, and said in her letter that, when her hus- band approached her, she thought she would scream From other detalls in the letter I was sure the author was the young woman mentioned above When I told D r Robie I knew the author of the letter he was chagrined at what he felt to be a breach of professional confidence, until I explained that I told them to write to him In the first place

What a basis for m~sunderstandlng, mutual re- crimmation, ultimate infidel~ty, and final separat~on exists in such a situat~onf I t is not an isolated one

It 1s typical of hundreds of others, indeed many thousands of others And these young people are both college graduates

Nearly Sh~pwrecked Several years ago in a middlewestern clty a

young husband told me the story of his honeymoon After a brief courtship of only a few weeks he had married The bride's mother had died very sud- denly only a short time before, and they were mar- ried sooner than they had expected to be, in order to make a comfortable home for her Fo r a wed- ding trip they took a summer excursion from Chi- cago to Duluth and thence to Detroit, by boat The second night of their mariled life the groom made very natural advances to his bride who jumped up, and after throwing on some clothes, ran up on deck to jump o~erboard "to think that she had married a man who wanted to do such a thlng to her 1"

They lived for e~gh t days on that boat, the one feellng she had married a moral pervert, the other hating h~mself and fearlng that perhaps he was abnormal

I told that story to a doctor of philosophy whose graduate work had been In the field of psychology, just a year ago I prefaced ~t wlth the reinark that he would probably say when I had fiil~shed that he didn't want to tell me what he thonght to my face, but that there was no law aga~nst thinking

When I had finlshed he looked at me rather quizzically for a moment, and then told me the storv of his courtshiu

Saved Through Knowledge His wlfe was a Wellesley graduzte A few weeks

before they were to be married, through a chance remark of his w~fe-to-be, he found that she knew absolutely nothmg of the meaning of marr~ed llfe I n as considerate a way as poss~ble he told her When lie had finlshed she said that, if that was what marned life meant, they had better call ~t off Quite nonplussed he pleaded for a week in which to cons~der the matter before making up their ininds A t the end of that tlme the bride-to-be had succeeded In orienting herself, and was capable of entering upon a married l ~ f e of niutual happiness and understnndlng

Had her husband fmled to tell lie1 before tlielr marriage, she might have spent weeks and even years, perhaps, indeed, her whole life, beating her heart out agalnst the bars of the cage foiiried by

he1 malrlage vows, condemned to a life of un- happiness and misunderstanding

Their fate m~gh t well have been slmilar to that of the young couple who spent so mserable a tune on the excursion boat, each of whom has told me personally that they would give ten years of them life to be able to completely forget the first ten days of their honeymoon

A few years later, either or both of these couples might have found themselves in the position of the first couple--children bemg born to them faster than the mother's strength makes adnsable, faster than the father's earnlng ability makes just to the new child, and to his older brothers and sisters They might find themselves, mdeed, on the verge of a final disruption of the life which once held so much of promlse

Three Problems The stories typify three problems-first, that of

adjustment after several children have come- second, hitter misunderstanding immediately after marriage because of ignorance-and third, the seeds of the second s~tuation, which were fortu- nately discovered, In this case, before marriage

The answer to the question of how to avoid the thzrd situation is sound sex education in the home and In the school The answer to the question of how to prevent the second srtuation from ever de- veloping is th~s--each clergyman or publlc officer a t a wedding should take very definite steps to determine that at least one of the young people, and far better both, have a reasonable understand- ing of sex and its relation to marriage

I hate read innumerable books on sex education and by far the greater number do more harm than good Some are poor drivel and rot, written with salac~ous titles because they can then be sold a t a profit

The ch~ef trouble with our sex education is that we leave it to the back-alley school Whatever is said about it elsewhere 1s thoroughly steeped m the spirit "it's naughty, but it's nice " And I am not far removed by the ravages of time from the period of my life 10 to 15 years ago, when the instruction of all my boy friends in sex matters was gleaned in just that way As the son of a doctor, I fared somewhat better It had, however, always been hard for me to talk about the subject until three years ago when the second story of the three told here was told to me by the young husband, a high school classmate of mine When I reallzed that, ~ f , as a boy, I had told him even what little I knew, it might have saved him and his wife so many hours of anguish and vain regrets and I vowed that never again would I let the feeling of diffidence keep me from dolng whatever 1 could to destroy the hard shell of fanatical ecclesiasticism which for centuries

Bwth Control Renew

has encrusted all our sex thought and teachngs The answer to the problem of how to prevent the

thlrd situation from developing-too many babies, too close together-is Birth Control

Advantages of Buth Control Let me hasten to explain that Birth Control does

not mean abort~on It IS diametrically opposed to it No one is more strongly opposed to abortlon than am I Blrth Control means the sane, unseKsh use of harmless means that make it posslble for young people to have children when they want them

The advantages are this-it wdl make ~t pos- slble for young people to marry a t an earher age, thus having the privdege of each other's company for from two to five years longer They can marry a t an age when it is easier to change their mode of hfe, and adapt it so that it fits in smoothly m t h that of another And marrymg earher m11 do away m t h much of the extra-marital sexual relations to which young people m g h t othermse be tempted

Many people claim that the young people of to-day already know too much about Blrth Control It may be true that they know some means, per- haps more than one, as the number IS almost lepon But the ways whlch are sure, and a t the same t ~ m e harmless, can be counted on the fingers of one hand

It is high time we faced matters squarely There are thousands of people to-day m our sanatoriums mth nervous disorders, the result of a neurotic con- dition mduced and aggravated by the msunder- standmg of sex How many f a d e s are there m which the husband and w ~ f e live m real happmess and mutual understandmg, the frult of a perfectly adjusted sex life? How many children are there doomed to neglect, undernouruhment-physical, mental and moral-because they have too many brothers and sisters? How many are there, mdeed, doomed to a life of mlsery and suffermg, because they came into the world mth a nervous or physical deform~tyl And this because thelr mothers had not a full store of vitahty m t h whch to endow them before birth

Mtw Apart And who can blame the parents who drift apart

when they see the chlldren, which they already have, fed only just above the minimum of undernourish- ment, clothed just above the lowest l im~t of de- cency Indulgence in the most elemental and most powerful of all our instinctive passions might brmg their chlldren to know actual want

The result of this fear is self-imposed celibacy, an attempt as disastrous as would be qn attempt to stem Niagara Irritability, m~sunderstanding, mutual recrimination, a feeling on the part of the

November, 1924

Advertising Birth Control

T HERE is a touchstone which unfailingly re- veals human nature This IS the advocacy of

Birth Control I f any one doubts this, he should have been in attendance a t the Blrth Control booth in the Women's Activities Exhibit a t the Com- modore Hotel, New York City, a t the end of Sep- tember The Exhibit, which was promoted by the New York Business and Professional Women's Club, lasted over SIX full days, and the 124 exhib- itors included the greatest possible varietv of bus- - ness enterprises, professlois, soc~al and polmtlcal o r ~ a n ~ z a t ~ o n s and educatlolial bod~es The dace of thg Exhibit of the Amencan Birth Control ~ e a g u e was in the last of these categories Birth Control in practice will undoubtedly be the cornerstone of social welfare work But the purpose of the Ex- hibit was not to help the tens of thousands of suf- fering women who have to wait for the amendment of the law, but to educate the public in the meanlng and princ~ple of Birth Control, in order to gain support for the movement and for the bill whmch mll be introduced early next year In the New York Legislature

Worker8 and Vzsttors The Exhibit was opened to the publ~c on Mon-

day, September 22, at 11 a m It opened amid all the confus~on and incompleteness usually attendant on such occasions This was, nevertheless, of l~ t t l e consequence, as vis~tors were few during the first hours, and lndeed the whole week saw a similar thlnness of attendance until after lunch-time There was, however, a full force of Birth Control workers, who labored heartily to make the booth tell its own story, that it m~gh t be approved by Margaret Sanger when she made her vls~t of inspect~on a llttle later The whole-hearted devotlon of some of the volunteers was an inspiration Among those who were in almost constant attendance were Mrs George H Day, S T , Chairman of the Comm~ttee In charge, Mrs Polly Randall, and Mrs J Bishop Vandever Others who gave part time were Mrs Fenley Hunter, Mrs H J Tiedemann, Mrs Lewis L Delafield and Mrs F B Acker- mann Members of the staff of the League also freely gave of their spare tlme, and Mrs Anne Kennedy, MISS Pauhne Dan~e l and MISS Anna Lifsh~z did encellent work, especially during the evening sesslons

As a rule, the visitors to the Exhib~t were friendly to Blrth Control, and many who dld not stop to talk voiced thew approval as they walked

past But there were many who regarded the sub- ject in a narrow personal light, and seemed to think that if they were not personally In need of Birth Control information, there was no need for them to trouble themselves with the subject They failed to see that Birth Control is a world-wide need, that it is the key to much of the mlsery and unrest of the present day, that its adoption would mean an end to most of the countless demands for charlty, and to a large part of the taxatmon now levled to support the delmnquent, defectmve and dependent members of the community, and that it would go far to insure world peace

Such people, when offered a leaflet by one of the workers, rephed "No, thank you, I am past all need of that," or "I am not married," "or "I can- not even have one chlld, and I would like one " One “youngish" lady added to her assertion that she was not married, "but I have had lots of chances " This narrow view, however, often gave wav to a larger conception after a conversatmon with one of the workers The assertion that the subject did not interest them was met by the quick replv "Then you pay no taxes, you have never been asked to con- tribute to a chanty, and you have never been touched by the plight of a slck and overburdened mother or a neglected chlld " Of course thls brought an emphat~c protest and then it was easv to explaln the scope and purpose of the American Birth Control League

R C Fraends and Enernzes Many of the vlsltors were Roman Catholics and

it was interesting to watch their react~on when they saw the booth Some passed on, turnlng thelr hetds away Others-not mwv, but there were snch- stopped and denounced the League as murderers and assured us we were "all damned " But o th r~ came and chatted, s a ~ d that they considered the prevent~on of concept~on solely a woman's ques- tion, and not one in whlch the pr~ests ought to con- cern themselves They assured us t h ~ t thev were in sympathy mth our work no matter w h ~ t the Church m~ght say Thev bought our l~terature, and even jolned our menlbersli~p One Romm Catholic gentleman, after t lone; t ~ l k with one of the workers, went to fetch a ladv whom he \\mshcd to Interest Others smlled ftintlv as tliev p~ssed but seemed to fear to be seen talklnq mitli 11s

Two much lnte~ested vls~tors were gentlemen newly arrlved froin H o l l ~ n d One t ~ e r n i i l ~ i l ~ l v handsome young man, s a ~ d that he had just fin-

312 Bzrth Control Revtern

]shed hls d t a r y tralnlng and emphatically cor- roborated the statement that the Dutch army re- cruits have lmproved in physique and m average stature slnce the institution of Blrth Control clm- ~ c s m Holland H e marvelled that the United States should stlll be mthout such ch i c s as they had In his own country, and s a ~ d nalvely -"I thought that the Americans were a people of com- mon sense, but no, that cannot be ~f they penalize Birth Control "

Forezglt Interest There were Japanese vlsitors to the booth Some

were Interested and very fr~endly, but one sohtan gentleman who was evidently out of sympathy with the movement in his own country, read the words "Blrth Control," gasped untll his jaw dropped, and walked quickly away as if afraid of contamination One French lady stopped to speak of almost unl- versa1 Blrth Control practice in her own country and of the valn efforts of the Government to turn back the current A couple of women who had re- cently been In Germany sald that Birth Control was strongly demanded by women there W e sug- gested that Birth Control if it had been put In prac- tice In the nineteenth century might have prevented the World War They agreed and hoped that the nat~ons would adopt it in tlme to avert another such

stupendous calanuty If the Red Cross were makmg an exhib~t and

trying to interest people, they would not feel that the Red Cross should be grateful to them for mere empty approval of ~ t s work Yet very many of the vis~tors to the booth seemed to thlnk that they had done something for whlch we ought to be very grateful when they told us that they were m favor of Birth Control and that they thought our work was good It did not seem to occur to them that bellef m Birth Control carrles with ~t an obligation and a responsibihty T o belleve in a movement which will do so much for humanlty is not enough without actlve support and help in every way pos- sible to the bellever Work, ~nfluence, money are necessary for its success and everyone, who be- heves, owes lt to h~rnself and to humanity to glve whatever help he can

The Women's Actlvit~es Exhibit is an annual affair Thls is the first time that the Amerlcan Birth Control League had a booth, and it is ~nter- estlng to note that when one of the great Women's Colleges was approached for an Exhibit, mqulry was made as to whether the leaders were progres- sive--sufficiently progressive to admlt Birth Con- trol to the hst of the Actlv~tles Findlng that Birth Control was represented, the college also took its place among educat~onal exhibitors

The Modern Greek Mother

A C E R T A I N Engllsh hlstorlan of the War of Greek Independence referring to Lord By-

ron's disappointment, says that, had the poet lived to hear the detailed story of the slege of the heroic Missolonghi, he would have adm~tted that modern Greek mothers d ~ d give birth to men W e are hearing a good deal about the ancient Greeks but we do not hear much about then mothers, or, for that matter, about those of thelr successors, the Greeks of our own time The modern Greek mother! I s she different at all from any other mother? Hardly She IS, however, a woman of some character~stlc attr~butes First, she 1s not wholly of the same racial stock as her more for- tunate ancestress, she has been subjected not only to the trlals common to all the Greeks, male and female, but to the add~tional one of bemg denled almost any degree of education

She, the average Greek mother, that IS, and not the member of a small privileged group who knows her French and her plan0 very well, 1s usually the parent of eight and somet~mes ten chlldren She has been marrled qu~ te young, she has been occu- pled before marrlage w ~ t h her humble trousseau

and picturesque home work and, in some cases, with work outslde of the home such as domestlc service or light agricultural labor She has had only a small opportunity for courtship, the Neohellenic custom being to let the girl's parents or close rela- tives look after the "mere man" question She 1s invariably patriotic and ~ncurably plous , when mai- riage comes and with ~t children, she gradually be- comes a household fixture As In classic Hellas, so m Greece today, a wife 1s primarily a home-maker, the degree of her extradomal interests being in- finitesimal The emanc~pated, athletlc woman of anclent Greece has hardly a direct modern repre- sentatme, but the pious, superstitious woman of pagan days still survives Before marriage and even after, the woman of today wlll frequently in- voke the graces of some w ~ n t , mostly S a ~ n t Cath- erine, the patroness of love and marrlage With most of the country grls, ~t 1s the unfalllng custom to bake a cake with salt as one of its chlef Ingre- dients on the eve of the Salnt's day, November 26 This they eat and then drink great quantities of water I n the troubled sleep which follows, they

[Conlmued on page 933)

November, 19.24

The Minister's Plea By ANNA ALLFN BALLANTINE

"F111 the cup and fill the can, Every moment dies a man, Have a rouse before the morn, Every moment one is born "

T HE fame of the Rev D a v ~ d Hardlng had sick within him at the thought of the vast field yet gone abroad throughout the land HIS per- to be covered "I must have workers," he cr~ed

sonal~ty and h ~ s work were topics of conversat~on "I must have tralned men and women to go forth among all classes of people, and he was a remark- and sow the seed of clean llving and decency among able man, remarkable for hls slmpllcity, d~rect- the people " HIS zeal in the matter had become ness, earnestness and undaunted allegiance to feverish, and he was In a f a ~ r way to develop Into his somewhat peculiar vlews H e was called by a fanatic upon the subject so close to h ~ s heart some a theorist and a he was the ad- H e had prepared an elaborate address to deliver vance guard of the radical Idea of restricting Per- a t the meetlng of the Society, and had comp~led nlc~ous and crlmlnal ~ro~aga t lony and he dld facts and statistics to bear out h ~ s assert~ons The hesitate to disseminate his views and plead hls typewr~tten manuscr~pt he was to read lay on his cause a t every ~osslble opPortunltY He was a desk and on the day he was to deliver it in publc vigorous type of mmhood in his early fOrtlesp and he sat down and read ~t over for the last time had devoted himself body and soul to working m When he had fin~shed he rose, and saylng to him- the slum and sllme of miserable tenement hfe, and self, -yes, I am quite sure that covers all,= to reclalmlng the derelicts of humanity that thrust the notes in his pocket, and entering his car, by him on the swift tide of time But he not found himself whizzing downtown to the hall rest content with what chance and Fate thrust where he was to speak And then, all at once, In under his notlce H e stretched forth and dellber- the twlnkllng of an eye, came to him what he at el^ sought new mserles and mysteries, nOtwlth- should say, and he took h ~ s carefully prepared standing the strain upon his and energy manuscript out of his pocket and tearlng it In pleces that t h ~ s entailed H e t r~ed to make plain to those opened the car wln,jow and threw them out amongst whom he labored that a blmd, mdiscr~ml- nate obed~ence to the law of Nature was oftent~mes A H A L F hour later he was standlng on the a m~stake, and even a crlme, that "God helps those platform In the great hall, with a surglng sea who help themselves," not those who drift lgnor- of faces before hlm, and a feeling of exaltat~on took antly along and let Fate dec~de unwlsely for them POSSeSSlOn of h ~ m H e gazed earnestly out upon How often had he prayed In solitude "Let me, Oh the God, be the instrument of power and knowledge "My fr~ends," he began, "We are face to face In Thy hands to show these poor creatures the way w ~ t h a situation w ~ t h whlch we are not able to cope to clean Ilvlng, and to pave the way for a better and by adhenng to the old reglme Le t us burn our nobler race in the years that are to come!" brldges behlnd us and start afresh I plead wlth you

COMMITTEE from a well known ~ d ~ ~ ~ - today not only to regulate your own lives by the A tlonal s~~~~~~ the city of N~~ york had rules that religlon and erperlence would dlctate, waited upon D r Hardlng and inv~ted hlm to ad- but to try and spread this knowledge and power dress a meeting to be glven in his honor, and for the among the Ignorant where so much mlserY express purpose of spreading h ~ s vlews H e had ac- The Poor creatures* I am nlost anylous to cepted, and had been arranged that everything help, because they think race-sulclde a sin, go aheld he sa,d was to be taken down wrltlng and printed br~nglng into the world dlseased, half starved chll- in pamphlet form to be spread broadcast through dren, them crlmlnals the country As h a utterances on t h ~ s occaslon It IS these ranks that Our hOs~ltals* work- were to have so much publlclty, he had glven the houses and prisons draw the ma~orl ty of thelr In- matter a great deal of time and thought, for he had mates I had prepared a carefully written address now reached the polnt where he cons~dered hlmself Y o u p but I ha'e responsible to his Maker for the enl~ghtenment of changed mind and wlll Instead lelate You the ignorant masses an erperlence whlch has come to me In this work

A s he looked over the work he had done, the In- I t is the sordid, traglc history of a familv I have dlvldual cases he had relieved and the number he known the larger part of my m l n ~ s t e n ~ l l~fe , and had started forward to solve I~fe's problems In a I thlnk ~t wlll prove a convincin~g argument in healthful and Intelligent manner, his heart grew falor of my so-called rash vlews

Bzrth Control Retnew

E I G H T E E N years ago when I first graduated from the Theological Sermnary, a young

couple came to me who wanted to get married The man was a strong, athletic lookmg chap, with buoy- ant spirits and an evidently ambitious nature H e was very much in love mth the young g r l he was to wed, who was slight, qmte refined m appearance and had a gentle, coddmg way about her that was very pleasmg Well, I married them, and, as for a whlle, they attended the church where I was assist- ant mimster, I saw quite a little of them The hus- band was a carpenter, and when he could work h s pay v~as good But, as you all know, the bulldmg trade is a precarious one, on account of the many strikes which may be called a t any time and must be obeyed Knowmg ths, James told me that it was his mtention to save when he had a position, m order to tide over the unemployed weeks or months So far, so good, but Nature, when she goes blmdly and ignorantly forward among bllnd and ignorant people, will demand her own no matter what the cost So, less than a year after I married the couple, a son came to increase the burden and re- sponsibility of the man, and weaken the physical strength of the woman who had been none too strong in the beglnnlng

"VVhen I would go to the httle flat to make my vlsit there was no longer a neat, trim figure to open the door for me and bid me welcome After a long wait, during which I would hear the screarmng wails of the baby who was fed mthout proper knowledge, the mother would appear m an old gown of some kind, and wearily ask me to step in- side No d~scussion would be possible on any topic save the one of the child, and my advlce would be asked in regard to diet, clothmg, etc Of course, I knew nothmg of these matters and told her so, advising her to take the doctor's counsel, to whlch she wisely remarked that ~f she consulted hlm twenty tunes a day his bill would be rather more than James could pay

"James, on the other hand, wished to avoid these questions, his wife's constant fretting and worrying and her pale, drawn face which compared pitifully mth the bright young girl of a year before The only way to do this was to stay away from home, and he stayed away Work became slack and the baby grew sick, so what money had been saved had to be expended The neglected, overworked wife grew complaining and bitter and the husband grew hopeless and morose The home, once so neat and tidy, was now unkempt and desolate But, my friends, instead of taking warnlng by the mistake they had made in bringing a child into the world before they could take proper care of it, they went ahead and duplicated the mstake, and less than two years after her marriage the mfe gave blrth to her second chld

I T would make too long a story for me to tell you of the dechne and fall of this family Of its

growth m number until there were seven, bes~de the parents, to be fed and cared for And as it was manifestly impossible to feed, clothe, train and educate seven children on the money the father made, they were allowed to run mld and often half dressed, make vicious acquaintances m the streets where they played and formed pemcious habits Seemg the hopelessness of the situation, James took to drink, and his wife soon followed h s ex- ample, for when she was mtoxicated a t least she could forget her rmseries and the hopes she once had experienced Bitter want would often assail them now The neighbors would help, but soon grew tired when they saw that thew loans &d not benefit the chldren, but went to mcrease the profit of the saloon around the corner The children grew to despise and dislike their parents, of whom they were ashamed and afraid, and the oldest-a boy of seventeen-took it upon himself to earn a little money in the streets in order to keep the fam- 11y from actual starvation It was a common sight now for me, when I went to that home, to see the mother lying in a drunken stupor In one room, her face bloated beyond the recopt ion of what she had once been, and the father in another room loll- ing back m a chair, order~ng the older girls to do thew mother's work and swearing a t them pro- fusely the wh~le-as a means of keeping them in order and of rel~eving his feelings

I E X P O S T U L A T E D m t h them both, and t r ~ e d to make them see the end which must in-

evitably come But to no avail 'If only it were not for the children!' was the eternal wall that met me With such a number as that all must suffer, and the cause was a lost one

"Finally the father lost his job through drink, and ~t was only by some contributions from myself and the efforts of Paul, the big brother, that the family was kept allve Poor boy! he tried h s best, but poverty and the reckless, conscienceless pre- cepts imbibed at home made a victim of hm, and he fell, as nine young men out of ten would have fallen under simdar arcumstances

"One dark, cold night, with thoughts of the mis- erable ones huddled together half frozen on their wretched beds, the devil took possession of hun An opportuIllty presented itself, as if it had just been awaiting his decislon, and he held up and robbed an old gentleman of quite a sum of money and some valuable jewelry Being unused to the business, however, and having to put up a fight, he killed the old man, and even then he did not escape

That n ~ g h t he slept behind the bars of iron that prove a lodestone to so many poor creatures who come into the world handicapped from the start

Given the seed of mordmate cravmg, or hsease, or Imbechty, or degeneracy or crune of any lund m a parent, and God help the offsprmg of that par- ent For that seed mll grow and grow until, hke the deadly Upas tree, it mll destroy body and soul of the Innocent vlctim of those who had no right to become parents, and who became so not accordmg to Nature, but agamst a11 the laws of Nature as I read them "

N O T a sound could be heard In the breathless stllhess of the hall as D r Harding paused for

a moment to control hls feelings The magnetism and earnestness of the man held lus auhence as by a cord H e contmued slowly-

"Ths was the begmnmg of the end The young man received what was undoubtedly a falr h a 1 m

the eyes of the law On account of his youth, and the fact that the murder was unpremeditated, he escaped mth his hfe, but only last week he was sent to the grim prison up the river for twenty long, weary years, and God alone knows what klnd of a man he will be when that prison sends him back mto the world

"My friends," he cried, in conclusion, and his voice trembled with emotion, "you have heard my story and you know my views I am pleading wlth you on behalf of countless unborn chlldren, to let them rest m their dreamless sleep And if my plea is answered and it were possible for them to speak, I am sure their childish voices would cry out In thanks to you from the silence of the Great Un- known "

Large Families as a Menace to Child Welfare A Report by an Expert

T HAT duldren from large farmhes are handi- capped mentally, morally, and socially, is the

conclusion reached m a study of a representative group of approxlrnately 600 famhes In a typical Iowa city, as reported by Hornell Hart, P h D , to the Iowa Child Welfare Research Station

I n a representative sample of chddren from prac- tically completed f a d e s m Davenport, Iowa, the mental test abihty of the children is mversely cor- related m t h the number of surnvmg chldren Chddren with no hvmg brothers or sisters tend to have mental test quotients about 15 polnts hgher than h l d r e n mth 11 hvlng brothers and sisters, and the average mental test abihty decreases falrly steadily as the size of the famlhes mcreases The effect of this differenbal fecundity is to reduce the average mental test abihty of the rismg generation in Davenport below what it would have been if all famhes had been of the same slze and each parent had had ch~ldren of the same average intehgence as a t present, by an amount equal to approximately one-fourth of the difference between the mental abihty of the average skilled laborer and that of the average unskilled laborer

School progress (m excess or defect of the amount to be expected from mental-test abihty) is a t a maxunum m famihes of four or five hvmg children, and at a -mum in families of ten chlldren or over The difference between the aver- age residuals for these two groups is such that the average child in the very large farmly loses about one-thrd of a year through conditions other than mental test ability associated mth large families

The larger the family the greater the tendency

is for the chddren to leave school a t the earliest possibhty

Of f a d e s with seven or more hvmg children, 1 4 per cent are chromcally dependent, as compared mth three per cent among famihes mth six chd- dren or less

As far as can be ascertained from teachers' rat- mgs, children m large farmlies are less energetic, less kind, less sincere, and less honest than children from small famihes Thls conclusion is fairly cer- tain for energy, but not so decisive for the other charactenstics

Contrary to general Impression, chlldren without brothers or sisters compare very favorably mth chldren havmg brothers and sisters Birth order, as far as it was studied in this mqulry, appears to have very httle significance

I n general, t h s study shows that a reduction in the slze of the larger families would tend to raise the average mental test ability of the rising genera- tion, to promote more rapld school progress, to reduce premature leaving of school, to reduce the amount of dependency, and to increase the energy, kmndness, and other desirable ch3racteristics of the children

The complete results of the Davenport survey are in the hands of the Iowa Child Welfare Re- search Station a t Iowa City, Iowa

Man's progresr u largely measured by has ancreasang control over natural condst8ons and natural forces Man w stall atrqglang that he may the more completely subdue the elements of nature, that he may compel the forcer of nature to do hts brddtng -EZRA T H A I E B TOIVNE

Keeping up with Mencius

Bzrth Control Revzew

W ITH the exception of the Mohammedans, approximately one-fifth of the population,

the Land of the Little Blue Gown still observes, in a mutilated, slip-shod sort of way, the phlosophy of Confucius from which the Golden Rule was ex- tracted some time slnce The lore of the Sage ot Shantung was broadcasted six centuries B C , but the text of it had been handed down from time im- memorial, Zoroaster of the Persians preachmg it to his people as divine revelation a thousand years be- fore Chaotic fragments of old superstitions are indiscriminately woven mto the doctrines of today, acting as barriers to the advancement of science, and fog on the road of progress, yet they are as blindly adhered to by the mindless masses as were the platitudes that fell from the lips of yellow her- mits to harass for centuries, in their appalling ignorance, the hapless yellow millions that followed in their wake From his pinnacle of egotism said the disciple Mencius "Three things are evil, and the greatest of these is to have no posterity"

Hariti, the Goddess of Pestilence, so the devout votaries of Buddhism assure us, was converted by the gentle philosophy of the Great Teacher into a Spirit of Benevolence Possibly they attribute to atavism the frequent reversion to her former state when she is called upon to preside over the destiny of her four hundred millions of subjects m time of famine-gaunt, lean, hungry, dirty, emaciated mil- lions, because "the greatest of three evils is to have no posterity "

Pos~t~ve Checks to Populat~on Passing lightly over the T'ai P'ing Rebellion of

1860-64 in which more lives were lost through di- sease and famine than the total exacted by the Great War in Europe, the reports of the next famine of note estimate that in 1876 from nine to thirteen millions of human beings perished from hunger, dlsease and violence I n the sections most generally affected it was assumed that seven-tenths of the population had disappeared

That was before the days of railroads in China, and because transportation facilities were lacking, the grain of Manchuria and Mongolia was pre- vented from reaching the starving populat~on, even had there been an organization to meet the require- ments This particular condition was ameliorated in the famine of 1920-21 when the Government granted free transportation of such grains as the United International Famlne Relief Comrmttee were able to secure in Manchuria

It is the usual story of absence of rain for a per-

iod of two or three years, supplemented by im- providence --supplying more mouths than the land could feed, denudation of forests, cultivation of poppy in place of grain, and neglect of river chan- nels whch gradually silted up The provmces af- fected in these repeated catastrophes are identical, five of them comprising an area of approximately 300,000 square miles and affecting a population as great as that of the United States

There is nothmg spectacular about a Chinese famne It 1s like a war of attrition Individuals lie down and dle in their isolated huts and villages They are not given to assembling into groups and scramblmg mobs Death by starvation is not ac- companied by clamor The precedmg stages are list- lessness and coma I n the famine of 1921 the con- ditions were exceptional As early as August of 1920 a large number of poor families had begun to mgrate over to Kansu, where, although the moun- tams walk, it was hoped that they retained mois- ture Into this mountainous country these hungry hordes repaired, selling thew cattle and farming implements as they proceeded There were long trains of people on the trek and the road over which they travelled was indicated by their dead I n the face of the hottest summer Shensi had known in twenty years, the women and children, In their famished condition, were easy prey to disease and the torrid climate The certainty of death had they remained where no rain had fallen m three years, was them Incentive The extremely poor left first, and as autumn and winter approached and the struggle became acute, families were broken up and every possession disposed of Not only was the poor furniture of the pauper class for sale, but well- to do disposed of their treasured belongings Carved tables and chairs, lacquer and ancient scrolls were humbly submitted to the despised for- eigner m the hope of securing food to fortlfy the family against the three tsai-han tsai (calamity from drought,) ch'ung tsai (calamity from in- sects ,) feng tsai (calamity from wind ) Even the plains of Chengtu, famous for marvelous engineer- lng skill in lrngatlon, were helplesq against the continued lack of precipitation

The Spring of 1921 found the foreign missions essaying the role of Yuan Yin-"the Goddess of Mercy looking down from above the sound of prayer " The ordinary poor had disappeared from their farms and villages Dust rifts were gambol- ing in the river beds By Aprll and May the trees

November, 19%

along the roads were alive with humans cllnging to branches while they stripped them of leaves and tender shoots Mile upon mile they trudged to se- cure these preclous twigs whlch were carried home and made into soups and stews, and, mlxed mth any grain they were fortunate enough to possess, moulded into tasteless famine bread

Fam~ne Fwd These famine breads left much to be desired The

food of natives of Shantung, upon which they had mraculously existed for many months, was such substance as wheat bran and chaff, leaves of cab- bage that had been thrown away, gathered and dried, then boded, outer hulls of corn ground with elm leaves, chaff of mlllet, bran mth a l~ t t l e red m~llet, thistles, sweet potato vines, mulberry leaves and chaff, ground corn cobs

Reports and letters from Foreign and Chinese Rellef workers were often slmilar to the one quoted below It 1s from a Chinese worker In Lung P'lng H s ~ e n on the southern border of the Chengting dls- tr1ct

"Sh~hch~achwang, Aprll 23, 1921 -Some days ago a band of about a thousand robbers (t'u fel) r a~ded and looted more than fifty vlllages here In the area where we are a t work E n t e r ~ n g the houses of the vlllages they stole all artlcles of value, smashlng the fu rn~ tu re and d~shes, carrying away glrls and womcn, and In the case of well-to-do famihes, took away men also t o be held for ransom

When the r a~de r s departed the villages were left almost wthout human 11fe Not only poor people but middle-class farmers possessing thir ty or fifty mow of land were left mthout resources Some of these In dlstress offered them land for sale, but there were no buyers, f o r the members of the wealthy fam- lhes who had not been k~dnapped, had fled "

D~fficult Rel~ef Work I n May of 1921 the P e k ~ n g Comm~ttee's Rel~ef

Drlve reahzed the sum of $2,419,234 00 and this sum was distnbuted among the various citles The funds ralsed were adm~n~stered by the varlous In- ternational Famlne Rehef Societies, and In the famlne strlcken provinces they were a t that late date caring for five and a half mllhon people

"We had hundreds slceplng In the lee of our wall last n ~ g h t t o hold thew place In llne as well a s t o keep out the cold," wrote D r Wllder of Hantan "The llne was 242 yards long thls mormng "

Speclal messengers were sent out by the Relief Committees to all hsrens that could be reached ask- lng them to refram from sendlng carts drawn by oxen or mules as there w ~ s no way to control the soldiers Lootmg from the famlne refugees by the soldlers was one of the problems 1~1th whlch the fam~ne workers had to contend, particularly In

Shuntefu Wheelbarrows were pushed as far as seventy m~les, and toothless old women hobbled on their gnarled, bound "lily" feet distances of thirty miles and more, leading children, cripples and blmd, to receive the dole of coarse mlllet

I n the land where the greatest of three el 11s is to have no posterity and no thought of numerical regulation enters the minds of their creators, be- lated measures were taken to prevent the sale of human belngs by thelr parents and relatnes A number were saved by relief workers through the donation of small grants of gram Theie wele other cases where the opportunity was lost through lack of the necessary food supply One of the magistrates posted an offic~al proclamation pro- h~bitlng thls nefarious traffic Ser era1 deders s e r e arrested and thrown into prison A Catholic priest In Tze-chow reported that In his distnct 112 people were known to have been sold In 33 vlllages

Selling the Chlldren M r Ramsen, of Shuntefu, remarked that In tli

five dlstrlcts he vlsited there were a t least 5,000 per- sons sold I n the dlstrlct of Ninchin the traffic be- came so extensive that there were practically no ch~ldren left Parents were found trying to sell their children, and, faihng purchasers, endeal oring to give them away The refuges provided bv the foreign mlssions were filled to overflowng I n Shuntefu the Catholic slsters alone plcked up five hundred abandoned babies These conditions pre- vall openly In time of famlne, surreptitiously a t all tlmes The streets of every Chlnese city are filled mth human scum, usually wlth a flock of dirty, un- sightly progeny In tow You must see a Chlnese beggar to apprec~ate how dlrty a human belng can get in only fifty years You must wander through the lanes and byways to realize the filth of over- population You must have l~ved on the China coast to understand that when a n a t ~ r e steamer is wrecked and smks with a thousand llves on board, probably not one of the lot wlll hale suffic~ent Iden- tity to warrant an attempt at commun~cating w ~ t h his famlly As lnslgnificant as the crushing of an ant hill In a cavalry charge 1s the euterminatlon of an equal number of the daughters and sons of H a n Plague wipes them out by thousands No one cares A scourge of cholera appears and is of less moment than a dust storm Louse-borne dlseases sweep then towns and v~llages It 1s the xvlll of the Almlghty Droughts, floods and loc~~sts come and the bare fields vield up them harvest of skulls

The housew~fe lahors in the field or ox er her loom wlth an Infant strapped to her b ~ c k from d ~ w n until dark Chlldren of three and four themselves scarcelv able to toddle have vounger arrlr ~ l s f ~ s - tened In papoose fash~on to be carrled the whole

(Conttnurd on pnnc '3'3-0

Buth Control E d

A Tour for Birth Control A Report by

L EAVING New York Clty early m July for the west, I found Ch~csgo mdulging m one of

her usual summer orges of heat The bhtenng pavements faded to quell my ardor for mformahon on the Buth Control sltushon m &OIS I found the Mld-Western Comm~ttee, mth D r Favlll, Chauman, plammg an orgamzahon campam for the m t e r months The I ~ O I S Buth Control League have opened offices on North M~clugan Avenue, and are expectmg a report on theu case re the C h c , from the Appellate Court Dr John Allen Pusey, the President of the Amencan M d - cal Associabon, sald that the press had surprised h m by headhung Blrth Control when reporhng lus address before the Assocmhon m June, and that there had been many favorable comments on hls stand I n Mdwaukee the Mayor was away on lus vacation but hls fr~ends quoted him as saylng he would ald the operung of a Buth Control C h c A survey of the pubhc health offices and soual agencles showed that there was a need for such a h c m the clty

R m h g Iowa, I found Des Momes busy mth a re-called 1eg.lslature consldemg the Chdd Labor Amendment, and a Repubhcan Party caucus I met the Governor and many of the women poh- tlcians, as well as candidates for the Legslatwe It was mterestmg to note how freely the women worked m thls pokical convenhon, mth less ap- pearance of followmg a game, but more of the ser- lousness of voters Buth Control was d~~cussed mth candrdates and legslators The Iowa state law permts the opemng of a Buth Control c h c A comm~ttee has been formed to do educahonal work and to work toward the estabhhment of c h c s

Denver has an mterestmg group of women who are educatmg many of the medlcal profession m Blrth Control through hterature and personal m- tew~ews, hopmg to get thelr support and coopera- tlon With Ruth Vincent of the Juve~ule Court, I mterviewed the Mayor and some promment health offic~als They were all m favor of havlng Margaret Sanger present the soclal s~de of Birth Control I lntervlewed Congressman Vade on our suggested Federal bill, and lus comment was favor- able to ~ t s restrlct~on to the m d c a l profession Mr Valle 1s deeply Interested m Blrth Control and ~t was he who mtroduced the b d llftmg the Com- stock ban last sesslon Thls bdl lacks the safe- guards of the bill proposed by the Amerlcan Birth

Anne Kenraedj

Control League, and Mr Vade assured me that such safeguards would greatly md m secunng the support of Congressmen. The new m d e a l school and hospltal connected mth the Umverslty of Col- orado rece~ved a large donabon from the Rocke- feller Foundabon. The Denver group felt there was a possibhty of gettang an expenmental Buth Control h c considered by the hospital Board of Trustees, a h c whch should share m tlus large donabon.

It was only a 28-hour nde to Salt Lake, where the press camed full news of our Internabonal Conference and of the h e a l work bang done at the Nahonal Headquarters m New York Clty I secured an audlence from the House of Blshops, and found that the Mormons are more mterested m qualtty of population than m numbers The Um- tanan Church of Salk Lake Clty was offered as a meetmg place for Margaret Sanger, when she makes her western tour next wmter

Upon my m v a l m San Franmco, after crosslug the Nevada Desert, ~t seemed hke the "prormsed land " I found many groups and mdmduals m- terested and ready to cooperate The Alameda County Branch of the Amencan Buth Control League, a strong Comm~ttee of d u e n h a l men and women, has been formed m Oakland The Men's Busmess Clubs of Oakland asked for a speaker on Blrth Control at thew weekly luncheon, and the Busmess and Professional Women's Clubs of both c~tles gave enthuslastlc support to our educahonal campaign for theu State Berkeley was repter - mg her large classes of students at the Umverslty of Cahfoma, but I &mewed deans and pro- fessors, and mterested them m the World Confer- ence on Buth Control m March next year Pro- fessor S J Holmes of the Department of Zoology 1s gvmg much thought and study to the questlon of Eugemcs and Buth Control Mrs Sanger wdl address the women students at Berkeley on her t r ~ p west San Francisco soclal agencies and the Health Department gave me data s h o m g the great need for practical Blrth Control m theu clty I t was lnterestlng to note how eager the press of northern Cahfornla 1s for facts on Blrth Control The papers gave hberal space to news on thls sub- J&

Vancouver A m e from Vancouver, regardmg the Canadlan

C o n f e ~ g ~ e declded me to take the tram for Seattle

1 November,

Tlus c~ty, on Puget Sound, seemed to embody the freedom and fine spult of our Amencan msbtu- bons I found that D r Paul A Turner of the State Board of Health hsd made a survey of the 1 blrth rate m the State of Waslungton He found Blrth Control bemg generally pracbced by the nabve stock, but expressed alarm at the mcrease of the forelgn born. Seattle has the lowest death rate of any clty m the country A group-of professors from the Umverslty of W h g t o n met wlth me at luncheon. We &cussed the htory of Blrth Control and the future program of the Amencan Blrth Control League Among thls group I ' f ~ u n d Prof A B Wolfe, from Oho Umverslty, who complunented the League on the Revrero and ~ts sclentdlc appearance, as well as on our educabod hterature.

The mght boat brought me to Vancouver early m the m o m g of one of B n h h Colurnb~a's few days of mteme sunslune I met mth the group that was o r g a d after Mrs Sanger's lecture there last year They are arrangmg a C h Conference, and we &cussed deta~ls as to progrsm and pubhuty, mth the assurance that all of the Canahan Provmces would be mterested On my return to San Francisco I found that Raymond H Arnold, Chalrman of the San Franc~sco Blrth Control C o m t t e e , had arranged a full schedule for me I t seemed to me that the educaboml effort, begun by Margaret Sanger many years ago, waa commencing to bear fmt I t was t o u h g when someone m an auhence asked me to gve a few personal debls about Margaret Sanger's work for thls great cause When I hshed , a man asked the pnv~lege of the platform, and m sunple words gave a new p~cture of our leader D u m g a strlke m one of the mdustr~al centers of Massa- chusetts, the chlldren were suffering for food and c l o b g Margaret Sanger was one of a group who went to bnng them to New York to be cared for It was cold, and the cMdren were shlvenng as they walted to board the tram She took off her coat and scarf and put them around the a d r e n , encouragmg them mth stones and cheenng words %s vlvld p~cture brought tears to many eyes, and gave me fresh mspuabon for work m ths cause for women and children

Southern Calrfornra

Los Angeles, I found stdl talkmg of the success of the Blrth Control session m the State Conven- tlon for Soclal Workers at Long Beach D r John Haynes was Chauman of this sesslon and D r Aaron J Rosanoff was one of the speakers, at thls, the best attended session of the Conference Mrs E h b e t h McManus IS the Chamman of the South Cahfoma Branch of the Arnerlcan Blrth Control

League Under her leadershp, and mth the sup- port of a fine group of promment people, Blrth Control should become an estabhshed and prac- bcal part of socml work

I n San Dlego, I had a surprlse m findlng one of our Rochester women and League members dolng press work The newspapers of the c~ ty gave full news of the League's actlvltles The Metaphysical Library sells our hterature and a lecture was gn en under ~ t s auspices Everywhere m Callfornla I found mterested cooperation, personal fr~ends, of the movement, contacts that had been made years ago, and the desue on the p r t of everyone to c r y s t a b work along practical llnes Educational work wJI be carned on durlng the wlnter by the three Comt tees m the State

Teaas and Eaetward It waa a long r ~ d e from th~s play-ground of

America on the Pacfic Coast to the cotton fields of Texas I found the Texas women sympathetic and lnterested They knew of the work through Mrs Sanger's books and the newspapers Both Houston and Dallas were lnterested m my ~nvestl- gabon of the State law When they found there was no restnctlve law agalnst the doctors pving contraceptive advlce, they lmmedlately wanted to start an educational campalgn for chmcs, and are anxiously awaltlng for Mrs Sanger to tour them state A Committee was formed m Dallas wlth Mrs Albert Walker as temporary chairman Mrs Walker 1s well known as head of the Dallas Publlc Health work It was reported by frlends of Mrs Ferguson, nomlnee for Governor, that she is inter- ested m Blrth Control Unfortunately I mas un- able to meet her personally as she was not in the city whle I was there

St LOUIS, Cmclnnatl and Pittsburgh have In- dlvlduals and groups who are looklng forward to our International Conference wlth keen interest, and many prormnent soclal workers, ministers, and mehcal men are arranpng then schedules to be in New York for the sessions of the Conference

Flfteen states and mneteen clt~es were vlsited In this tour for Blrth Control I n summlng up what most unpressed me was the need that public officials should recogmze Blrth Control as nn essent~al part of the great program for natlonal health I t 1s Im- possible for effectlve work to be done witho~lt this, Amehoratmg evlls is not enough-thev m~lst be prevented Soclal workers almost unanimou~lv be- lleve that Blrth Control must become p ~ r t of the social program Medical men Ire g r ~ d u ~ l l v gi ow- Ing m confidence In them publlc stand on Birth Control Everywhere the press 1s all\ e to the ~ssue and ~ t s treatment of the subject IS d~gn~fied and svmpsthetic

Bzrth Control Revaew

WHY MAKE CHARITY CASES Ought W e to Force These Famzlzes znto Paupensml

There zs mthzng that self-respectzng people abhor more than the dzsgrace and mzsery of bezng on chanty Y e t there are thousands of famzlzes whose zncomes barely cover thezt needs Wzth one or two chzldren a man can lust support hzs famzly zn comfort Wzth more the famzly faces poverty, destztutzon, lack of food, overwork and consequent szckness Then comes the dread moment when the parents must have resort to chanty Most prac- trcal sonal workers know that rt as the too-rapzdly zncreaszng famzly that fills thew case records Y e t soczety stzll refuses to allow these women access to Bzrth Control znformatzon What are Y O U gozng to do about ztz

A Devastattng Flood oj Babies Colorado

I was mar r~ed In May, 1917, and a s I was not very strong my first chlld, a p r l , was born a t eight months I n seventeen months I lost a seven months palr of t m n boys I n s~xteen months more another httle girl came t o us and six months ago, a boy I am very slckly and suffer te r r~bly dunng the entlre t ~ m e I car ry my chlldren

Sometimes we have no help a t all durlng confinement, my husband carlng for me and the baby and dolng the housework untll I am u p Then afterwards I am so weak I am not able t o care for the chlldren as they should be My husband helps me what he can, bu t he 1s not strong e ~ t h e r and can hardly make a llvlng for us H e 1s bothered w t h rheumatism Three years ago I thought I would lose him, and he has been unable t o work a t all much of the t ~ m e slnce tha t We are very poor and were i t not for the klndness of relatives In helplng us I do not know how we would get along

I would l ~ k e your advice a s t o how t o keep from be- coming a mother a s we do not see how we can care for any more I also have three s~sters-~n-law who are dolng the same as we are, only two of them have not been mar- rled a s long a s we have The thlrd has SIX llvlng chlldren ahlch they are unable t o feed and clothe w~thout help If YOU can help me I wlll be very grateful t o you, for my- self and for them

Where the Money Went Nebraska

I don't want any more ch~ldren for I have two pair of tmns My oldest t-ns a re five years, one chlld three years old and my youngest tmns one year old I am only twenty-two years old I have lost my health by havlng my chlldren I have t o work so hard, for we cannot afford t o hlre help When my first chlldrcn were born I was torn terr~bly, my nurse s a ~ d ~t was the worst tear she had ever seen When I gave blrth t o my thlrd chlld I got tore a httle more and we are not able t o have me operated on, so when I work hard I feel l ~ k e I am all cut t o pleces

I sure had t o suffer f o r IIQ bahles About two months before they were born I was shocked with awful pain and each one would last for about two mlnutes I would have about five each t ~ m e and they came three and four times a day W e always had t o have the doctor tw~ce before they were born W e had a lot of money when we had our first twns , but we had it mostly all spent before we had any more chlldren It takes money t o raise chlldren The last two t ~ m e s our chlldren came we had t o borrow money t o pay nurse and doctor bills

I have t o doctor all the t ~ m e and one of the little bab~es 1s puny and sickly We doctored ~t for months and he 1s a year old now and too weak t o sit u p H e seems to be in mlsery all the t ~ m e W e both do all we can for h ~ m

I love my httle family and would l ~ k e t o ralse them decent, and my husband says we could soon have a lot of money again and a home ~f we d ~ d not have t o have any more chlldren W e can't borrow any more money and when I am sick In bed when confined, my husband has t o wash clothes and do housework and keep out of the field, t o help me But this year he has t o work and raise a good crop, so he can't do my work W e wlll have t o starve or go t o the poor farm if we have t o have any more children So please tell me what t o do so I won't have any more My hus- band quarrels w t h me when I t r y and keep away from h ~ m I have heart and k~dney trouble I do hope tha t you wlll do something for me and I sure will help you all I can Don't s top your wonderful work Help every- body tha t needs help M y chldren and housework 1s always neglected It makes me feel so bad, and I worry so over my children and afraid I will get more tha t I am gettlng gray headed

"We Would Be on Charity" Texas

My husband 1s an ex-servlce man unable t o work be- cause he was gassed durlng the war, and has developed tuherculos~s t o the stage of hemorrhages of the lungs and n~ght-sweats We have no means of llvel~hood save his government compensat~on, and ~t is so l ~ t t l e we are unable

November, 1924 321

t o save a n y t h ~ n g a t all W e have one chlld and expect another In the summer If my husband's health never gets better, I may be compelled t o earn our l~v lng Can I do so ~f our famlly keeps on lncreaslng? No, we would be on chan ty Two chlldren are all and more than we shall be able t o prov~de for I m ~ g h t be able t o care for these two and my husband ~f I do not have several, and them the dehcate s~ckly httle ones they would be sure t o be m t h my husband's health In t h ~ s condlt~on, and I my- self not overly strong and extremely nervous

"Too Many for Our Means" Massachusetts

W e have been mar r~ed golng on five years and have three chlldren, a boy and two g ~ r l s , and expect another a d d ~ t ~ o n to our l ~ t t l e famlly next month Now we d ~ d not expect the las t l ~ t t l e glrl, and were astonished and some a f r a ~ d when we first knew the one yet t o come t o us was on the way W e are very poor, Amerlcan people, and can't afford t o brlng up so many-unless unexpected luck should come t o us, whlch 1s unl~kely--even now, and cer- talnly later when they get older and more expenslve W e h g h t be able t o do falrly well by the first two, but now we have too many for our means and Income, and are fearful lest there m ~ g h t be others t o follow, a s t ~ m e goes on, In s p ~ t e of all we t r y t o do The fact 1s we don't know much of anything, about these thmgs, e ~ t h e r of us W e have recelved much adv~ce from many sources, but ~t has not seemed t o have avatled us much

"Maybe Suictde Would Be Best" Arkansas

I am the mother of c ~ g h t chlldrcn and I w~l l say thc last t n o of them espcc~ally mere not wanted W e are hard-work~ng people and halt morc than we can care f o r As anyone knows, a famlly of m e n IS too many for one woman Three of our babtcs d ~ e d In Infancy We have t r ~ e d several nays t o avo~d so many but no th~ng scems t o help W e have one baby now t n o years old and one sevcn months old, and of course ~t 1s not necessary t o tell you that my health 1s broken and my mlnd burdened I keep away from my husband all I can but ~t seems tha t one can't all the tlme I am so a f r a ~ d I all1 get tha t way agaln I generally do about the t ~ m e my bables are e ~ g h t or nlne months old I have got t o uhere I am a f r a ~ d to t r y anythlng Somet~mes I thmk maybe sulc~de would be best, as most any aoman had rather bc dead than t o l ~ v e such a lrfe a s t h ~ s Husband and I arc both unvlous t o learn a h a t t o do I feel you are a f ~ l c n d t o \roman- k~nd , so I come t o I O U for adv~ce

"Ftve Chtldren and Not Ftve Cents" Indiana

I marrlcd young and had chlldrcn very fast till I 111<1 fi\e and had t o take In nasl~lngs and any hlnd of a o r h I could do a t home to get along, puttlng my chlldren t o bed hungry a t t ~ m e s My husband u a s taken u p for niur-

der once, but got out After tha t he stole an automob~le and some brass, and thcn for murdcr agaln, and xent t o prlson fo r I~fe, leaxlng me w ~ t h fi\e chlldren and not fi\e cents In money

I had t o put my ch~ldrcn out and a o r h and t ~ j t o help heep them Then I met a man ahom I lo\ed and he begged me to mar r j and b r ~ n g my chlldren home

I n about a Scar I n a s t o become a mother for thla man, but a t tno-and-a-half n~onths I m~scarned nnd zlmost &ed It was not long till I rras In the samc shnpe ngaln aud I m~scarned, taklng me t o the hospital, a l ere both nurses and doctor s a ~ d they d~dn ' t t h ~ n k I would IIXC

I am In bed r~g i i t now a i t h a nuscarrlage I bought one of your boohs some t ~ m e ago and I and rnl huhnnd both have been reading ~t and he begs me to wntc and see what you can do for us Il'e just rent, and me b e ~ n g E I C ~

so much 1s sure bad, so ~f there IS nnythlng jou can do, for God's sake t r j and let me bnow a h a t ~t 1s I would ~ u s t as leal e d ~ e as ha\ c t o go through t h ~ s klnr a' hfe

"Can Barely Make a Ltving" Colo~ ado

I am the mother of three c l i~ ld~cn , the oldcst one SI\

years , the second t h ~ c e and tlie t1111d one t n o \en ls old, and I am expcctmg thc fourth one b j tlie fifteenth of t h ~ s month

I am only 23 Tears old and n e ~ g h onlj n hundred Three jea ls ago \re left Cli~cngo on nccount of

my health ha \mg tube~culos~s n c came to Colo~ndo and norked t n o j c l r s a s beet l abo re~s No~r \re a l e on11 renters on a ten-TCIC farm and cqn b u e l j mlhe a 11\1ng

I am a f ~ a ~ d of brlnglnq s1c6 clnlcl~cn Into the n o ~ l d So pleasc a n t e nlc what t o do t o Lccp from 111\1ng mote chlldren E\cnse m a ~ ~ t r n g J I v parents sere too poor t o let me to go t o school

''It Is Wreckzng My Lzfe" I l l lno~s

Thls sprlng 1s n ~ j tl111i1 \ C ? I of I I I T I I I C ~ l ~ f e I n the first year a c lost onr first chll[l, the second, 1 sacct 11ttlc g~ r l , 1s now nlne months, ?nd tllc t1111d 1\111 ~ I I I \ C b c fo~e shc 1s a ~ c n r old I do loxe ch~ldren, but I c ~ n n o t b c ~ r t o thlnk of the f o u ~ t h \ c l r , ~f ~t sllculd nleTll the bunc agaln It 1s n ~ e c b ~ n g ni\ l ~ f c l l l ~ n t c l n one do? \ I \ onu mother a a s the motlicr of ten, and n i ~ n l were 0111

need< and nlshcs and \ c ~ j fen our con~forts

Eleven m Fourteen Years X o ~ t l ~ D ~ k o t n

I was niarrled ahcn I a ~ s 14 \ C I I S T I I ~ I m no\\ 32, ~ n d h?\c sclcn I~xlng <111lc11cn, z11J I I I \ L I~zcl foul 1111,-

cTlrlngcs Sonic of nl\ b~111c5 \ r < ~ c fou~tecn ~nontli. a p n ~ t MTc T I C pool I 1111 ncxc 111lc t o 11 k r c help for a l ~ m ~ t c ( l t1111c TII I I 1111 I I C I \OI I . 11 I L C ~ I I I ~ -0 I I I I . ~ I -

ablc tlullng 1n~fi11 I I I ~ \ 1'1, I > C a ~ l t c t o nlL M I \ God b l ~ s s jou nnil 1ou1 n o ~ k

Bsrth Control Reenera

Johann Ferch, Austrian Pioneer

I N the lnternatlonal Br th Control movement one of the outstandmg figures 1.9 certady MI

Johann Ferch of V~enna He IS a man m the vlgor of hls best years, a self-made man who developed a mama for readmg-a mama whlch h s chllclhood home, overcrowded mth children and anxlous, worn parents had made it lmposslble to mdulge but for whch h s later work as pnnter and proof- reader gave hlrn many faclht~es His love for the human race, h s deep sympathy mth suffermg, seen through the ~deahst's eye-these tralts and lus own experiences have produced *s selfless helper m the cause of the suffemg mother and of all chddren m msery

I n my long conversahons mth ths u n b g en- thuslast and his helpmate, who presldes over the three Stat~ons for Advlce to Mothers estabhshed m Vlenna, the key to thls pioneer's character be- came clear to me, as he passed through h s succes- sive stages of apprenbce, prmter, thmker, always seelng around h ~ m the constant fight against pov- erty All t h s found expression m h s early artlcles and books

The httle book whlch reveals hun best IS Be- kenntnlsee ecner, F r n m w r 8 (Confessions of a Freemason ) The whole book, whlch has not, I think, been translated, IS worth readlng Espe- c~ally lnterestmg to lovers of peace are those pas- sages dealmg mth hls three years of mhtary semce and his observations on the pernlclous Influence of the semce on natures not protected by ideallst~c armor

A8 a Lecturer

But it 1s as a lecturer that Johann Ferch's suc- cess hes mth the big mass of the publlc who read httle He has made a unlque collection of shdes on the need of B~r th Control among the great mass of lndustr~al workers Some of these are beautiful, showmg how happy the hfe of chlldren should be and m some cases IS, but others show how too often, alas1 ~t IS not happy I am brlngng thls presenta- tlon of the need and lustlfication of Birth Control to London, for Blrth Control IS the mternat~onal common cause and we must make ~t clear to others that, until polit~cal franchise for woman spells com- plete enfranch~sement as mother, all talk of change of status from chattel to Independence IS fuhle

To one accustomed to English audiences, the re- sponslveness of a Vlennese aud~ence IS a revelation

Plctures are received mth murmurs of pleasure or mdgnant protest, and the ardent advocate ~s h- t e n d to m rapt attention, for all Vlenna knows, and the provmces know that Johann Ferch, hvmg meagrely on h s pay m a small government post, and what the sale of h s books prondes, never ac- cepts a smgle krone for hu lectures The receipts go to pay for the upkeep of the statlons for Adnce to Mothers The lecture halls are crowded beyond the doors and Mrs Ferch lectures to the overflow

At the stat~ons, Mrs Ferch, mth the voluntary aid of two or three other lades, mqwes mto each case, and, if the circumstances warrant, makes out a form to some accredited doctor of the district, m sympathy mth the Blrth Control movement Here the mother can have expert advlce, and at a very reduced rate, for the stahon bears part of the ex- pense

I t need hardly be sald how remarkably thls move- ment has grown here, those who know that the Roman Cathohc Church is strongly represented by the Clerlcal Party wdl recopze how remarkable thls growth ls I n Vlenna, women paraded the streets bearmg posters and banners askmg to have removed from the statutes Atttkel I&, an old law which the new repubhc had retamed, m deference to old custom and prejuhce Strange to say, these demonstratlons by the women were not mterfered mth Even more mterestmg 1s the fact that one of the Mothers' Advlce Stat~ons m Vienna IS offi- clally, not "housed" but allowed the use of a set of consultmg rooms m one of the M m c ~ p a l Health Centers

The founders and sustamers of ths humamtanan work are hopmg to get to the International Blrth Control Conference m March 1925, but I fear the fearful h n c l a l depression m Austna may make thls an unrealizable dream I n that case the two all-but-adopted children, on whom the parent affec- tion of thls couple of lovers of the human race cen- ters, mll relolce, for every hohday and Sunday IS

spent mth those lovers of the young, to whom chil- dren have been demed!

Many d rlse up and call them blessed

N-In our July Issue we printed an artlde contributed by Mr Ferch in which he described his work for Birth Control in Austrb and the extens~on of the work in Germany The rnlscry caused by the war makes both Austr~a and Germany fertlle ground for Birth Control, but Mr Perch's success has been little less than phenomenal We hope that his slldes may soon be shown in Amertca

E o m

November, 1994 323

Book Reviews d R~UWW by Frank S C W I C ~ grounds? For such fears there are often too abundant

PROCEEDINGS OF CONFERENCE ON reasons I s all physical lntlmacy then to come to an

CHRISTIAN POLITICS, ECONOMICS AND CITI- end? Some would say, Yes, others, No ** He thought ZENSHIP, L ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , G~~ and company, N~~ the use of contraceptives justifiable only when they are York the sole means of avoldmg senous harm, and ended wlth

the mse observation that 'We cannot conquer viclous de- IN 'Imes It w's that * bemegem learned mres by Ignorance, but only by motrves of self-control and the real name of a clty its mere pronunclahon would

open lts gates Today m England a m q c word has been self-respect "

&covered, the nse of w l u c h - d open t h e gates of the Studdert Kennedy'a Wanung Kingdom of Heaven on earth It IS "Copec," wluch may be translated, "Conference on Chnstlan Pohtlcs, Econ- In &scuss~on, Rev G A Studdert Kenncdj bcggcd

ormcs and Cltlzenslup " the churches t o be careful how they ashed for ccllbacy

The members of the conference have the convlctlon that He could not beheve that to bnng cluldren Into the world as they are brought today was In accord mth the law of

the Chnstlan nghtly interpreted and conmstently God Yet he beheved the matter of contraceptlles to be a followed, eves the vlslon and the power essential for solv- mg the problems of today They feel that the soclal

damnable scandal that IS playlng the very devll wlth the natlon, and he anxiously inqulred "Can we control bnth-

etlucs of Chnstlanlty have been by control? The way these thlngs are advertised is the Chnstlans mth msastrous consequences to the lndmdual surest way of gettlng them Into the wrong hands " and t o soclety They beheve that in the teachlug and work of Jesus there are f u h e n t a l pmclples, such as Mrs E E' Wise moved a resolutlon that the Conference the umversal Fatherhood of God mth its corollary that refram from expressmng any condemnation of those who,

manlond rs God's fa*, and the law, "that whoso loseth ~ t h due sense of moral respons~blhty, approve of the

h s hfe findeth it," which, If accepted, not only condemn practice of using contrace~tlves, and said that Copec

much m the present orgaluzation of soclety, but show the ought t o face facts because "In every class this questlo"

way to lts regeneration I n the hght of these pnnclples of blrth-hmltatlon m marnage 1s agltatlng countless the constitution of society, the conduct of industry, the mlnds At present the lnformat~on 1s h l n g grlcn ~n an

upbnngmg of chlldrea, nat~onal and mternatlonal poh- undesirable form m e can not stand aside, nor can we

tlcs, the personal relations of men and women, In fact, all c~ndemn mahout adcquatc ln\cstlgatlon " 311s Wise

human relatlonshlps, must be tested T~ all of ths, we adduced a resolutlon of the Women's Co-opcratllc Gulld

say, UA,.,,~~" and ,f it moves that mrectlon we are Congress In favor of chnucs for lnstmctuon in mctluods of

mlhng to shout, "Glory Hallelujah I" blrth-control, and sald that this Congress represented a great mass of the more responsible worklng women, and In

Wanted A Maraaret Sanaer the face of them demand we must see that much dcslred

At the meeting m Bimngham last Aprll there was a faclng of social problems Of Interest to us was the ses- slon devoted to "The Relation of the Sexes " The sub- ject was mscussed wlth extreme dehcaey and some ap- pearance of tlrmmty On the subject of Blrth Control the debate ended mth Innocent resolutions in whtch the churches were urged t o investigate thoroughly the ques- tlon It means something that the questlon 1s opened and made a subject for investlgatlon It IS to be regretted that some Margaret Sanger could not have been on the spot to present the case clearly and boldly

Professor Lofthouse sald that, In respect t o the hmlt- atlon of famlhes, all are agreed that marnage ought normally to Involve parenthood, that a marnage where there are no children loses somcthlng precious, and refusal to have children based on self-indulgence, or shlrklng of duty, 1s lndefenslble "Some would go fur- ther," he sad , "and say that marrlage exlsts pnmanly for the production and reanng of chlldren What then lf the burth of chlldren is feared on physucal or economc

lnstructlon 1s even decently She added that those nho know the con&tlons of worklng-class motherhood hnom what ~t must mean t o ha>e another chlld comlng ahen one has not enough food for those already there, and a e hale no nght t o say that God's law us a clulld eberv jcar

A Doctor Speaks The volce of medical sclencc spoke throogh D r Cluarks

Gray who sald that ''In anothcr ten lcnrs thc nunjorrty of marned women would be uslng contrnccptlvc lluctluods For the majonty of peoplc, abstlncncc IS not only un- healthy but undesurablc fol other rcnsons Condcnunatlon of contraception mould not affcct tluc splcnd of ~l lcgular relntlons If one's natural lnstlncts arc suppucsscd the energy must be uscd In lcss satlsfnctol y dlrcctrons "

Of course church conservatusln found solcc Tluc Rcs Mr Tunnucluffe snld that one pqlt of tluc Clrolch of Eng- land holds that ~f God call us to n state of ccllbacy nc should accept the call, let plu\ srologlcnl nnd p s ~ cholopcnl cons~deratlons bc nhat they may "

A Revzew by Annze G Porlztf ADOLESCENT I N T E R E S T S A Study of the Sexual

Interest and Knowledge of Young Women, by F I Davenport, P h D , Archlvcs of Psychology, New York

SALVAGING O F AMERICAN GIRLHOOD, by Isabel Davenport, P h D h P Dutton & Co , New York

R DAVENPORT presents In these two books the D results of a careful study of the need of sex edu- c a t ~ o n for glrls and a constructlve programme for filling thls need The study 1s based on the spontaneous ques- t ~ o n s of a group of 160 glrls In a clty tralnlng school for teachers The glrls themselves made the request for a course of lessons, and supphed the quest~ons, on D r Dav- enport's suggest~on, In order t o enable her t o glve, In a short course, exactly the lnformat~on they were dcs~rous of havlng The group uas falrly typical of the Amencan m~ddle-class girl All had h ~ g h school educat~on, and had been from three months t o almost two years In the tram- mg school All had had a year of brology, a s a pre- requ~site for entcrlng the tralning school After examln- lng and carefully class~fylng the question-work In whlch D r D a ~ e n p o r t secured the assistance of Professor Leta S Holhngworth of the Psychology Department and MISS Carohne Stackpole of the B~ology Department of the Teachers' College, Columbla Unlverslty, D r Helen Mon- tague, P s y c h ~ a t n s t of the N Y Children's Court, and Mrs Ella S Stewart, soc~a l worker of Ch~cago-the first study "Adolescent Interests" was pubhshed I n thls study the a t t ~ t u d e of mlnd and the state of knowledge of thls group of young women 1s carefully analysed, and thls analysls 1s repeated and taken a s the basls of the more cons t ruc t l~e scct~ons of "Salvaging of Amerlcan Glrlhood "

Gzrls Stzll zn the Dark Ages It 1s difficult In a bnef revlew t o glve any full Idea of

the scope and value of D r Dalenport's work T h ~ s 1s no fancy p ~ c t u r e of what glrls are supposed t o know, but presents an accurate plcture of the state of mlnd of glrls of falr educat~on And what a state of mind' D r Dav- enport comments "If we d ~ d not know these quest~ons t o have been asked by h ~ g h school graduates and prospective teachers of the twent~eth century, they m ~ g h t well be taken a s rcprescntlng the rnqulrles of untutored women of the dark ages " I t 1s not only Ignorance tha t IS shown In these questions I t 1s something worse It 1s super- s t l t~on and evll t rad l t~ons .hat stdl cloud the mlnds of our glrls about themselves and them bod~es "Glrls of the present day," wr~tes D r Dalenport, "are ev~dently belng taught just those superstlt~ons and tralned Into just the same unwholesome a t t~ tudes tha t we of the older generatlon were subjected t o In our girlhood, whlle In every other phase of lndl\~dual and soctal hyg~ene our Amencan aor ld hss undergone an evolut~on so great as t o recreate our outlook on hfe " One of the quest~ons tha t called forth t h ~ s observation was "Is there any decent way of looklng upon thls matter of bearlng a

Bzrth Control Revzem

ch~ld"? W h a t k ~ n d of p r cpa ra t~on for motherhood are we 'lvlng our glrls when they can st111 ask a quest~on hke thlsl The fault 1s not w ~ t h the glrls I t 1s the older generatlon tha t Dr D a ~ e n p o r t arralgns I n fact she brlngs the lndlctment agalnst the whole of soc~ety tha t continues not only t o allow glrls t o be brought up mth- out "any provlslon for the ~ n s t r u c t ~ o n and tralnlng of girls for motherhood, but actually taboos such ~ns t ruc- t ~ o n a s unclean "

A Constructzve Programme I n her constructlve programme, D r Davenport pleads

for an Ideal of health for glrls such a s has already been formulated for boys Thls must Include "free, normal, unrestr~cted development of the g~rl-ch~ld 's body In the Interest of her own future well-belng " She wants thls Ideal t o ~nclude the normal functlonlng of a glrl's sex organs, w ~ t h a healthy comprehens~on of what thls func- t~on lng should be Many of the quest~ons took for granted tha t menstruat~on was In the nature of a sick- ness and t ha t suffering was what every glrl and woman must expect The programme does not call for sex edu- catlon-of the klnd tha t has been offered t o girls jus t a s they reached puberty It demands full lnstruct~on In the regard t o the names and uses of the par t s of the body for llttle chlldren, teachlng always correct names and d~gnlfied treatment for each "All t ha t stands In the way of the early h a b ~ t u a t ~ o n of chlldren In everything tha t 1s comprehended under thls first p a r t of the prepubertal programme," she wntes, "IS a false and Inherently unclean psychology " It 1s just a s s~mple, she urged, t o habituate chlldren t o the use of the correct terms for processes and organs a s ~t 1s t o accustom them t o the use of the correct names for automob~le and father and mother Contlnulng the programme a s the g ~ r l grows, D r Davenport lays stress on the necessity of provldlng such lnstruct~on a s IS

needcd not only for the s a t ~ s f a c t ~ o n of l e g ~ t ~ m a t e c u r ~ o s ~ t y but also for practical gu~dance In hvlng The programme 1s carefully outhned and should be studled by every one who has a n y t h ~ n g t o do w ~ t h the upbrlnglng of p r l s

Blrth Control 1s accepted by D r Davenport as a nec- essary pa r t of her programme of early marriage, whlch she acknowledges 1s only poss~ble ~f both husband and w ~ f e can earn them hvrng She protests agalnst a false Ideal of Blr th Control whlch 1s b ~ r t h prevent~on rather than Blrth Control, and whlch brlngs about the childless fam~ly, and threatens the continuance of the old Amer- rcan stock She urges t ha t girls should be tralned for marrlage and motherhood and tha t boys should equally be tralned for marrlage and fatherhood She looks for- wa13 to a c o m n ~ u m t ~ In whlch the on13 people left un- marlcd all1 be the feeble-m~nded, who would find no mates ~f both bovs and glrls were propcrly Instructed In regard t o parenthood

Every chtld has a n g h t to a happy, joyora chddhood - BULLETIN OF U S BUR>AU OF EDUCATION

November, 19.24

T H E PEOPLE'S CORPORATION B y Klng C Glllette, Born and Llvenght, New York C l t j

H E R E 1s a new Utopla, p~ctured by a man of affalrs M r G~llet te IS descr~bed by the pubhshers a s "an

~nventor, organizer and executive of the first ~mportancc In the ~ n d u s t r ~ a l world," and he approaches his problem from the polnt of vlew of the economist H e 1s concerned w ~ t h the reorganlzatlon of the llfe of the natlon, and he plctures a future fo r the w o ~ l d when profit shall have ceased t o be the motlve for work, when need and usefulness shall govern production and when all waste and duphca- tlon of effort shall have been ellmrnated It 1s a pleasant plcture and M r Glllette shows hlmself more practical and less of a dreamer than most of hls Utoplan predecessors, for he lnmcates a practicable method, w~thout ~njustlce, violence o r revolut~on, of a t t a ~ n ~ n g t o the new order

There 1s one senous omlswon In h ~ s scheme for a new world H e contemplates the taklng over by the new Sta te of all expense for the maintenance of chlldren, mthout also provldlng for some check on the too rapid proh- feratlon of the masses It would be too much, however, t o expect of the author t h a t he should Introduce thls knotty and mfficult questlon Into his dream of a world wlthout poverty, wlthout crlme and almost without suffering

A G P

r YHE Children's Bureau makes no stand for Blr th 1 Control Such a stand would hardly be poss~ble for a Government Department so long a s the Federal law classes the prevention of conceptlon m t h obscenity Nevertheless much support f o r Blr th Control can be ex- tracted from many of the publ~catlons of the Bureau, and especially from two of the most recent "The Promotion of the Welfare and Nyg~ene of Ma te rn~ ty and Infancy," whlch describes the work~ng of the Sheppard Towner Act, and "Foster-Home Care for Dependent Chlldren " I n the first of these pamphlets, the Buieau presses for more sclentlfic knowledge concermng maternal and early Infant mortallty An lnltlal lnqulry set on foot by the Bureau shows "that the number of st111 bllths 1s ap- palhng," and t ha t the reduction of Infant mortallty ''IS

pnman ly dependent upon factors connected wlth deaths durlng early Infancy or those occurring a t blrth, o r dur- mg the first month of hfe " I n a large proportion of these cases, further mvestigat~on wrll undoubtedly show tha t wlthout Blr th Control ~t 1s hopeless t o expect any great reduct~on m these deaths Bables and mothers dle be- cause the mothers wcre not In a fit state for pregnancy and chlld-blrth, and because they were not instructed t o avoid conceptlon u n t ~ l they wcre able t o bear healthy In- fants wlth safety t o themsehes

The second pamphlet grves the mlnlma for foster homes Into whlch adopted chlldren should be introduced These are a n assured Income, parents not too advanced In age, parents wlth a wholesome attltude of appreclatlon of the needs of the young In matters of companronshlp, recre- atlon and reasonable frcedom ftom rcstralnt, of good

physlcal and mental health, lndustrlous and thnft, , w ~ t h a t least average education and ~n t e l l l~ence , and they "should en jo j the respect and endorsement of tllelr pas- t o r and neighbors as Ialr-abldlng and respected c l t l~ens " When wlll the community ha le sense enough to set up slrnliar standards for natural p a ~ e n t s , Instead of en- couraglng the lcast worthy members of soclety t o "In- crease and multlplj" t o tlie l lm~ t of their ab i l~ ty > Anotllcl recommendation made by the Bureau is tha t "tlilee or four chlldren per home should be the maulmum," a max- m u m whlch the pamphlet goes on t o s a j "maj acll be re- duced" No recogn~tlon here of the supposed benefit of b a n g one of a fainlly of ten or t~relxe ch~ldlen

PERIODICALS

The New Republzc for Scptember 24, In dlscusslng "World Peace and IVolld P o l ~ t ~ c s " comments on the neg- lect of the "underljlng f r ~ c t ~ o n s between natlons alirch make war Ilhely" In all the mlllrons of words tha t h a ~ e been uttered dunng the pas t few months about the aboll- tlon of Far These underlyrng frictions are summed u p as "competlt~on for aorld markets, compet~tron for raw materials, the pressure of excess population, and dlffused ~ m p e r ~ a l ~ s m " The filst t ao , competltlon for marhct and raw materials, arlse out of the necessity of fecdlng a pop- u l a t~on larger than a country can well support

New hght on Rooselelt's attitude on Blrth Control 1s thrown by a n a r t ~ c l c In Pl~yszcal Cz~lture (New yorh) for September The artlclc glves the correspondence bets een Robert L Wolf and Rooselelt on the one hand and G I3 Shaw on the other >Ir Wolf cliallcnged Roosc\elt's quotat~ons from Sliaa and faccil 111111 s l t h the qucatlon whether he had eler really read s h a t Shau had wr~ t t en on the questlon of Blrth Control H e then sent Roose- velt's ansaer t o Shaw, and recelled from hlm a long and detalled reply glvlng 111s exact posltlon and attaching tha t of Roosevelt The correspondence IS most ~ntcrcstlng, and we commend ~t t o our readers

Soc~a l reformers in Indla are drstu~bcd o\ci the Inch of balance of the sexes TIie Modern Re~rew (Boriibay) for August In an article entitled "Social Pur l t j " states tha t In I n d ~ a a s a whole niales grea t l j outnumber fcnrnles, and tha t this d~sproport lon bccomcs alarmlng In the l n ~ g e clt~es, In ahlcli mcn outnumber aolncn by nlriiobt t n o t o one The consequence 1s sldespread prost l tut~on, ahlch st111 further depletes tlie ranks of aorncn fit fol dorliestrc l ~ f e The Indzan Soczal Rcfor~ricr (Boiiibz\ ) foi J u l ~ 26, attempts t o explain this d ~ s p a ~ ~ t j I t attilbutes ~t partly t o early marriage--lclv 3 oung l~~ot l ic rs tcnd to ha le bols as them first-born and many of these young ants a l e left widows before they reach the .rge lrlien fciirzlc b r ~ tlis are more llhelj t o be numcrous But tins explarns \c ry Ilttle, and the Reformer adds "Tlle conclusion 1s l r res~s t~ble tha t tlie 1011 sc\ ratlo ~n s c ~ c r n l castcs 1s due t o the de- lrberate destruction of female infant life, cltlicr by ac t l e or pnssne mezns " Pzrcnts ha \c moic clnld~cn tlizn thcy

826 Bwth Control Revrew

can support Some must pensh and they prefer to keep ahve the boys, as of more consequence and entalhng less expense for a good tune without responslblllttes That ~s true of -

Wntlng m the Blrth Control Supplement of the August a rmnonty of all marnages But ~t IB absolutely untrue of countless marnages In whch blrth control 18 prac-

Issue of the Issue of the Indurn Nat'onnlut bed Sheer mt Is one of the patest of birth Professor N S Phadke, President of the Bombay Blrth

Control League, tells of soclal reform m regard to mar- control, not seUishness or fnvohty Foresight IS abso-

nage m Inma Up to now he holds that soclal reform has lutely essential to any klnd of happlness and even samty

had as ~ t s object the happlness of the mdmdual When -and what lack of foresight brings about, In this par-

t t adds Bvth Control to 1t8 program, ~t wdl develop "a tlcular respect, may be seen by any one who cares to go

sense of truly soezal or rather raclal responslbhty " mto the slum hospitals Young couples mth a small lncome sunply cannot have

In the S U ~ Y (New York) for October, Pro- large f a d e s , and to answer that you know of some fessor George W E r c h w e ~ , the cmalog . l s t , who got h s s p l e d d labourer's wlfe who has had 13 ehlldren, and ~ m c t l c a l knowledge of ~-als as warden of Smg Smg, brought up 12 of them when her husband was only earn- al-l~ses the Loeb-Leopold case He pomts out that "de- ~ n g B a week, 1s b e g ~ n g the queskon. Soclety would fectlve h e r e m t ~ and m-tegratlw experience m hfe" are have to be Meren t from what ~t now 1s If the clerk's mfe, two elements that go to the m a w of the cnrmnally ab- the doctor% d e , and all the other mddle and upper normal But m this artlcle he falls to advocate Blrth mddle-clsss m v a m t b r o o m e d flats and tiny villas Control to free society of a larger share of c-ahty by up and down the suburbs are to have 13 chlldre-and ~ r e v e n t l n ~ the blrth of those mth defectlve h e r d t y , or only lose one of them-and not go qmte mad w ~ t h annlety, those who would be most hable to hsmtegratmg exper- despair, and toll Ience of Me, The pos~tlon IS tlus The educated classes know all

daAre You Women Plt to be Mothers9' m the October about the means of blrth control--or know how to find number of the ComopoLtan (New York) 1s a popular out- The ~nedueated and the poor do not know, and presentation, by D r Max G Schlapp, &rector of the there 1s a party who object to the knowledge bang ~m-

Chldren's Court Chmc of New York Qty, of a possible parted to them I m ~ a r t l n g that knowledge does not mean explanation of one cause of mental sub-normahty &S corn-g them to use It. The proposal mereb Is that theory 18 that stram and exhaustion d u m g p ~ g p a n c y the poor shall be told what the rich know-and then de- may cause msturbance of the mother's ductless glan&, c'de for themselves-NEwc~sT~~ SUN, England and this may affect the development of the unborn chdd The lesson surely 18 that women ought to be able to avo~d cud-beanng under conhtiona of stram and exhaunbon, STATEhWJW OF THE OWNERSHIP MANAGEMENT CIRCULATION FIC

BEQUIRED BY THE ACT OF CONGRESS OF AUGUST 24 1912

and so prevent the cormng mto the world of ]mots, misfits ~2~~,"\6$bmly~er6."."~~dN~;"~kat Ner Yo* Y- lor (*-k

or me5clents w o r e mg a mar, publx urn and f a tbe sue and munw .I-16 p m m d y 8 p p . d bf=~am Lnp rho, ham- brm du n o m rrmrdnna to law d- and un th.t sk bc the Ed~drrorlnQad of Ilr k n h C d Re- a d that ,be

The current number of the Quarterly J o u d of Eco- f d h - s t. tbe be ol of k s w b and bdid m e su-r of be .61a null..mm+ rrc, of the hcforcuid publtut8on f a tbc &te r h o I. the a b o n

m a c r contams an artlcle by C P Wnght of the Food "PI- m~~rrd w the ~n of A O ~ 24 1912 ~mbodld ,. mul. UJ ~olul LI. and W u o m . pnmtd on tb. ~ . m c of tbu form -nt

Research Institute of Stanford Umverslty on the five I m, .- .& .dd- ol the p.~,b dlmr mmmg,og .nd

most Important recent books on the Population question. "a'~=AmmMMM B,nb IM C,R

These are the volumes by Professor East, Harold Wnght, =,"'E_TI~Z~ dMpzl" , : E & $ ~ R ~ Gv Harold Cox, Carr Saunders and E B Reuter Mr 2Th.t tb 0-0s u (If the puhl~catmn r o - d by am mdmdod hrs .am+ and

Wright makes a sumey of the whole question and mddm a 11 ~ l d by - than one md8ndu.l tbe name and add- of rrcb rbould be n m b d o r 81 the publtcarnon u owod by a -ratton sbr name of tbe mr

Qves h ~ g h przuse to East and Harold Wnght for thew ys," :?th"C~~z."m~d$~~!~~Jttb~~~wmw Or bold'ng pr cent

masterly treatment of the problems involved. -. Nan& nl.tb -auon h t m l b e , I-. IM ~ i f l b A- N Y GR

M.R- Lnp Rsrdenf IM Wfth A% New York Ciw Anne Ken Socrruw IM Fiflh A= Nor York Cnty

BOOKS RECEIVED FR- B%kerrmos T-0r.r B ~ & I + N Y 3 Th.1 tb. k- b o * h and a h a m n t y bddm a n , -

Prom G P Putnam's Sons, New York. WHAT Is L ~ I ~ & ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ $ l t O U d ~ f of -"'"- " Otb"

MAN? by J Arthur Thornson. 4 Tb.t tbe tro w-pb nm above. nn- the na- of tbe o m e m -k bfdem, and .amn boldem d mnmn nol only the llrt of d b o l d m a d aunw holden u thn a-r upon the kh of t k mmprny but dm. In - Prom the Chddren's Bureau, Wasbgton , D C Fos- .b tb. or -nw bo1d.r . the ~ W L 01 tbe hew., ., tmste or In any o t k 6dno.7 rdatmn C s r n of r h t -n or mmor=troq for TEB-HOME CABE FOB DEPENDENT C ~ E E N . THE PBO- ,.born . .~h trmtac ,, .~s that the ",d r m pmn.pht lutrmmu rmbnaly affiant. fall k-I& mnd bclnd as u, the urrurmtro~m and

MOTION OF THE WELFARE AND HYGIENE OF MATEBNITP d,b .nd.. rhxh aoctboldcn *nd ws, rho do nn ope. the AND INFANCY kh d tbe mmpv u t m s q bdd slork nod u c o n l i a nn r capac~w o t k than

that ol a born 6de owns rod thu affiant bas no rerion to bdrorc that an athr y asscaatlon. a mmrauon any nnt- d u a or nd~ra tm t~ sand st+ Prom Amencan Soclal Hyeene Association, New York d,, athr nonu.. than .. a lud b brim

PABENTS AND SEX EDUCATION, Part 1 MMG- SANGER mm

From Longmans, Green and Company, New Pork, 'lkm '- - ** "&"" bclmc mr "' W ~ T I -b" HUSI'EL 1924

PBOCBEDMGS OF C 0 P E C (MI cornm8vnon clprrs M a x h 30 1926) (SEAL )

November, 1924

OUR CORRESPONDENTS' COLUMN

DRAB Mas SANGEII W ~ o m n g For gears 1 have been mterested m the subjects of

h e d t y , environment and all matters cormng under the head of soclal semce, but only recently have I been able to get hold of your book, 'Woman and the New Race," and some other of your hterature I've seen hundreds of well-pald chanty workers deahng out money and clothes, when ~t seemed t o me that what women needed was mfor- m a t l o d o w t o stop hanng blg f a d e s they &d not want

Condtt~ons I have seen on these lonely homesteads are appahg-ternble poverty, no doctor for many mlles, no rehg~ous mduences, just lawless and godless, half-clothed chldren, fed on salt pork and corn meal, hvmg In caves or boarded houses hardly fit for a horse, poor school, if any Why do we send m h o n s away to fore~gn countries, when our own chddren are hungry and Ignorant? The new West should be helped as the mountam m the South M d c a l mss~onanes are needed, prayers are needed as much as p&, for the people are soul-ack

I saw a famly m Wyomtng In a sheep wagon+ght chldren, two years apart Horses got lame, and they stayed m a hut all mnter, one baby born there, the father conlined her Two httle rooms She had no breast mllk, and the baby a t five rqonths was fed corn meal They had no mlk and only melted snow They were a hundred mlles from a doctor I could not reach them for months, on account of snow and bad roads I M e d the poor horse, Iymg there b h d mth broken leg, starvmg, and I felt hke lulhng the parents

They were both well-educated people, she a school teacher Poor thngs ' They wanted a home and heard about the wealth In the West, and m t h thelr httle brood started out-utterly lrrespons~ble The store-keeper gets a check from the county t o feed them, and there they stay and breed-no school, no doctor They were using stones t o kill rabh~ts for meat-had no ammun~tlon, no furm- ture, just rags and filth

Could I mterest a woman's club? No Sheppard- Towner office? No, they only lecture Could I touch the heart of the Red Cross? No, they only work mth the m- surance compames-hves that have value Welfare work- ers stay close t o the good hotels and closed cars I go 1x1 a wagon and freeze tn thls nch country I can't stand it t o see and know the suffering and not t o help

I am tnterested m the lonely homesteader farm women, because I know them and thew problems When I nsrt a famrly, the mfe mvanably asks me-"how can I stop h a m g these children" and although I am nearly fifty years old and marned and know a good deal about nurs- mng and d c m e , I cannot answer the questton

Then, because I was m Francc dunng the war as a Red Cross worker, I am Interested In the soldters' mves These s ~ c k boys-mental and physical wrecks-marry and have children Of course, we know that a woman mth real In- telllgence would not marry a s~ck sold~er and bnng clnl-

dren Into the world, but the doctors do not g v e them any adnce, e~ther m t h ~ s State or Colorado In every snlall town there should be some one who could e v e thls ~nfor- matlon, or, ~f thts IS tmposs~ble, ~t should be allowed to go through the malls

VERA JANE PEASE

GRATEFUL CORRESPONDENTS

Along rmth the thousands of pteous letters of entreaty t h e come, every nom and then, cheerful letters full of happnesa and gratattldc W e glve hererrnth some extracts from tmo of these letters

Ohlahoma I recaved the hterature and I cannot express I I I ~ thanhs

m words You reahze thls work IS needed, but you cannot r e a h e fully what the knowledge means t o one whose very hfe IS betng choked out by Ignorance m thls hne No one knows how ~t IS needed out In the country m the poor class of people The farm women have less chance than the poor ones m the cltles They do not compla~n because they cannot T h s class a Ignorant as well as poor, she is shunned because she has too many chl!dren and 1s dressed poorly

No one knows how many chddren there are In the country Nearly all mothers do as I do, do not go only when they have to and then leave the chldren a t home, ~f they can I am asked many times ~f I have any chldren.

There are so many worse cases than mlne here around me They do not know anythlng can be done I have been among t h s class of people ten years and I know thelr condttlon The g r l s and boys who are filling the cltles, and espec~ally the smaller towns are comlng from the famu

How can these people learn? Or wall we have to walt until the chmcs reach us?--0 A H

Ilhnols DEAB Mss SANGEII

I am one of the many women you have hclpcd, for wl~lch I can never thank you enough I am the mother of tno fine boys, the youngcst 1s past two years old, and to tll~nh that, but for your klndncss and wonderful woth, I would have been the mother of three chldren and probably ex- pectlng to become the mother of another I d ~ d not rcgaln my strength after the first one, and was aln~ost a nrech after the blrth of the second and ~f I had more, ~ u s t t111nh how httle of a mother I could have bcen to any of ~ ~ I C I I I '

I would almost do anythlng for you In my gratttude, yet there seems t o be noth~ng I can do a t the present t~me, ex- cept tell other unhappy mothers about your wonderful work We mll hclp the cause of B l r t l~ Control all \re can

I can answer the quest~on why the Cathol~cs fight Blrtll Control You see ~t takes so much money to run tllclr church Every officer from the pnest up to thc Pope must hve hhe a pnnce, and ~f there weren't Cathohc people t o worh and g v e them earmgs, how could they hvep-E D

Berth Control Revzerer

News Notes UNITED STATES

New York

A T E A In honor of Baron and Baroness Ishimoto was given a t her home on October 6th, by Mrs Lewls L Delafield, Flrat Vlce-President of the Amerlcan Birth Control League There were about thlrty present, and many others, who would have liked to be there, had to send regrets as they were not yet back In the city The Baroness gave a short talk on the "Progress of the Blrth Control Movement m Japan " She lald stress on the fact that ~t was of the greatest importance, m view of the Influence that it would have upon government and popular oplruon m her own country, that the Internatlonal Birth Control Conference to be held In New York next sprlng, should be successful She promised the cooperation to this end of the Japanese Birth Control League Among those present were Mrs Rlchard Bllhngs, Mrs James Lees Laidlaw, Mrs Phllip J Deane, Mrs Robert Adamson, Mrs Robert RlcL Marsh, Mrs L L Delafield, J r , Mrs J B Vandever, Mr and Mrs F Robertson Jones, Mrs Colgate Hoyt, MISS Ethel Stebblns Borrowe, Mrs Webster Hill Browne, Rhss Mayo, D r J C Vaughan and M r J Noah H Slee

The whole week of September 22-27 was occu- pied wlth the Exhibit of the Amerlcan Birth Con- trol League a t the Woman's Activities Exhiblt a t the Commodore Hotel An account of the work done there is glven elsewhere in thls issue

On September 27, Mrs Sanger sailed on S S Majestic for England H e r mission there was to arouse lnterest and secure speakers for the Slxth Internatlonal Blrth Control Conference whlch will be held in New York, March 26th to 31st She re- turned to New York a t the end of October She was accompanied by Mrs Jullet Barrett Rublee

Baroness Ishlrnoto made several addresses, whle In New York State She spoke on the Japanese Population questlon a t Vassar College, and she spoke by invrtatlon to the Gamut Club of New Yolk City and to various other organizations

Caldom~a

FOLLOWING the vlsit of Mrs Anne Ken- nedy, Execut~ve Secretary of the Amerlcan Blrth Control League, there was formed at Oakland on September 17 the Alameda County Birth Control League The organization meetlng was held at the Hotel Oakland and the following officers were elected -Mrs H G Hill, President, Mrs Frank Law, Vlce-President, Mr Raymond H Arnold, Corresponding Secretary, MISS Martha Chlck-

enng, Fmancial and Recording Secretary and Mrs L H Montgomery, Treasurer The League has asked Mrs Sanger to address them on her trlp West in the comlng wlnter

On September 30 the new San Franc~sco Com- mlttee held a meetlng In San Francisco, a t whlch Raymond H Arnold, Chalrman, preslded The meeting discussed plans of work and means to brmg the subject of Blrth Control before local groups and organizations The officers of the League are -Raymond H Arnold, Chairman, Mrs L S Rehbeln, temporary Secretary-Treas- urer

The Southern Callfornla Branch of the Amer- ]can Blrth Control League completed its organlza- tion a t a dlmer held on October 3 a t the Paulus Restaurant In Los Angeles Mrs Elizabeth Mc- Manus preslded Dr Aaron J Rosanoff was made Chalrman of the Cllnlcal Committee, Mrs Gustav Bjorkman, of the Press Commlttee, Dr Jennle Spencer, of the Committee on By-Laws, MISS Levy, of the Commlttee on Arrangements It is the deslre of the Branch to organize a Birth Con- trol Chruc In Los Angeles

Connechcut THE Yale-Cambridge debate, held a t New Haven on October 13, had for topic -"Resolved, that we pity our grandchlldren " The affirmative was taken by one Yale and two Cambr~dge men, and the negative by two Yale and one Cambridge man The real answer to the question can only be gven when it is known whether our chlldren will practlce general Birth Control or whether our grandchlldren w l l be swamped by too great an m- crease of population

Iowa

THE Iowa Branch of the American Blrth Con- trol League was orgamzed September 17, 1924, a t Des Moines Mrs Edward A Llngenfelter was elected President The other officers are D r Car- rie Harvlson-Dlckey, 1st Vlce-President , Mrs R S Zuch, 2nd Vlce-President, Mrs J A Wagner, 3rd Vice-President, Mrs Carl Garves, Recording Secretary, D r Jennie Coleman, Corresponding Secretary, Mrs J A Blum, Treasurer, and Mrs Eugene Manhelmer, Auditor I n Iowa the law strlctly forblds open dlssemlnation of Birth Con- trol mformatlon, but makes an exception for reg- ulai PI ~ ~ l l t l v i l t . ~ s of ~ l l ed l~ l l~e dlld for druggists In legltlmate busmess The methods of Birth Control can be taught in medlcal colleges and in medlcal works Mlssoun

AT a rneetmg of the Mother's Craft Circle of the Health Center of S t LOUIS, held at the Soulard

November, 1924

L~brary on September 17th, Mrs Anne Kennedy spoke on the Public Health Aspects of Birth Con- trol A t the conclusion of the address a resolution In favor of Birth Control was passed with one dls- sentlent vote Mrs H F Hagadorn presided

New Jersev .. MR E V E R E T T J Meves, secretary of the Birth Control League of Camden, N J , is clr- cularlzlng cand~dates for the New Jersey legisla- ture on the subject of B ~ r t h Control H e spoke In several towns of the state d u r ~ n g October Of a meetmg a t Camden, on October 10, he writes - "Last Friday noon I spoke a t a shop meeting at the Nelson and Hall Company, under the ausplces of the Y M C A , the workmen in the shop, of whom about half are Cathohc, having expressed a wish for a speaker on Birth Control Today a t noon I went back a t their request to answer questions and enter ~ n t o a discuss~on A number of ~ntelligent questions were asked, which were answered to the apparent satisfact~on of everyone Two Y M C A secretar~es were along today and one a week ago Both of them, w~thin my heanng, told the general secretary that the meetmgs were fine, and that the talks were surprising, espec~ally In view of the dehcacy of the subject The leader of these shopmen and the most intell~gent man of the group, who IS a Cathohc, told one of the Y M C A sec- retaries that he had been against B ~ r t h Control, but that my talk a week ago had given him an en- tirely new ~ d e a of ~ t , and that he has had to do some very serious t h ~ n k ~ n g about ~t " Dunng October M r Meves also spoke on Birth Control a t River- side and Merchantv~lle

A resolution on B ~ r t h Control was presented to the Federat~on of Women's Clubs at New Bruns- w~ck on October 8th

A t Trenton, on September 30, Mr Everett J Meves of Camden, cooperating with the American B ~ r t h Control League, presented resolut~ons to the Democrat~c and Republican State Comm~ttees Both parties were asked to ~nclude in thew plat- forms the conservation of human life by means of B ~ r t h Control The resolutions were received with courtesy, and the delegates accepted hterature on the subject

Texas FOLLOWING the vislt of Mrs Anne Kennedy to Texas, a Comm~ttee on B ~ r t h Control was or- ganlzed in Dallas on September 30 Rlrs Albert Walker, who IS In charge of the city publlc health work, was elected cha~rman The commlttee IS

under the ausplces of the American Birth Control League

West Vlr~m~a - BIRTH Control is be~ng increaslnglj practiced in TVheel~ng, according to facts presented by RIr C E Gethens, Supenntendent of the public schools of t h ~ s city M r Gethens IS quoted as stat- ing that in 1887,37 years ago, the offic~zl nuniber of children of school age was 10,500 I t has now fallen fallen to 10,000, although there are at least one- thlrd more famihes In the community

CANADA INTEREST In B ~ r t h Control, which .cr qs aiouqed last May when the Ontario Health Officeis Asso- ciation held its Conference In Toronto, seem\ to be growing A t that Conference-as reco~ded tlie Revzem for July-Dr Hast~ngs, 14 0 I1 for Toronto, and D r Hill, M 0 H for London, Ont , took open stand for Blrth Control Latei adlo- cates include D r Laur~e, M 0 H for Port Ar- thur, D r James Roberts, R I 0 H for Hamilton, and J J Kelso, whose work as head of the D e p ~ r t - ment for Neglected and Dependent Ch~ld~eri 1s known throuqhout the world Mr Kelso 1s chlefl~y interested In prevent~ng the b~ r th of clnldiea nlio would lnev~tably be a burden to themsell es and the community D r Hast~ngs, mho started the intei- est in the subject, also takes his stand on 111s wser- tion that "there are countless little belngs who shotild never be allowed to come Into the norld " D r Hastings welcolnes contiol ersv on the sr~h ject, because contioversv awakens ~nterest and 1s thus =I

help A few months ago no one In Toionto took any interest in the subject RTow the liev sp?pei p r ~ n t long artlcles on it

ENGLAND THE uncerta~n coui se pul sued b r fir, TThe?tler Rhn~ster of Health In the B ~ I ~ I S ~ I C lbmct 1s not provlng elsy BIr JTrl~eatle\ t ~ ~ e d to pl t c ~ t c the Labor Wornen, who came to h ~ m In dcput~tlon hr s ta t~ng t h ~ t woliien nho needed I311tli Contiol would be referied horn the Health Centers to hos- pitals and prn ate phrs~cims T h ~ s exped~eut did not work, and compl~int nns m ~ d e t h ~ t tlie ~nfoi- mat~on could not be ohtuned b r the nomen n11o needed ~t Then RIr TVlie~tlev plom~sed nn en- qu11-7~ For thls pronilse he is hemg b ~ t t e ~ l r ~ t - tacked as exceed~ng his poliers ~ n d Inl wlmg the p~e rog l t~ve of tlie medlc~1 piofessron I Io \p~t i l s ale mostlv pl IT =~ tc 11nde1 tnklngs ~ n d the Alln~stcl of He~ l t l i l i ~ s no .ulthoi~tr to rompel them 01 qnr p111 =Ite pmctlt~oner to glrc J3n tli Cont~ol 1nfo1111i- t ~ o n W h ~ t the nomen shed n 7s t h ~ t IIC shoirld pelmrt-not compel-the gr\ m g of ~ucli ~ n f o i n l ~ - t ~ o n at R'I~teinrtr ~ n d I I e ~ l t h Centeis

330 Btrth Control Remm

0 many marncd couples yearn for chddren that thousands of cop~es of a new book by Dr H Wall Elders arc bcmg bstnbu, w~thout eost to & d d m

women. Any farmly ~nteresud m overwrmng maltlorn of nature that blnder the pft of ehildron should wrla for h s free hook today It d n e n b c ~ a slmple home treat- ment based on the use of Surrltone, a wonderful suen- h6c tome that has had marvelous sum- all over the country m rehev~ng mnrhtuuond weabus.

Every woman who wana to live a normal, happy llfe w~ th l~ttle ones around her should mnslder ~t her first duty to know what Snr~ltoue IS and why lt mhmuld bc so wonderful an a ~ d to her Read thls hale book wh~ch 4 wnt wlthoat charge or obltgahon IU a pllue envelope It unfolds facts that most women nevor have bad expla~ned to them Simply send name today to Dr H W ~ l l Elden, 2001 Balllnger Bldg It. Joseph, Mo

Prbluhd *.dm t h n u w r s 01 tk New Generatton League 3 1 Pakce Street, London, S W L

send $2 00 to Ofhce af &rth Comb1 Re-w, 104 F a Avenue, Nor York C a r

II awai on them summer vacabon m C m e a and the Caueasus

RUSSIA MR J s COLEMAN, who IS educational DI- rector of the Ulname Far- and Machmery Corporat~on, sends us the fo l lowq mterestmg a0 count of the progress of Blrth Control m Sovlet Russla -

The wnter has just returned from a busmess imp to the Umon of S o c h t Sovlet Repubha Whde m Moscow he took up on the s~de, for the E&tor of the Barth Control Remew, the work of e f f h g a Blrth Control orgamtzon for s p r e a d ~ ~ ~ g Blrth Control lnformatlon and educat~on m Sovlet Russla

H e was fortunate m meetmg on the t n p gomg over Prof Peter Tutyshkm, who was returrung to Russ~a after a ten-months' stay m Amenca D r Tutyshkm IS Professor m the Mdco-Pathologcal Inst~tute m Moscow, head of the C h c for Men- tally D e f d v e Chddren, and also a pract~~mg phy- s~curn H e had been sent over by the Sovlet Gov- ernment to do me&co-pathologcal research work m the Umted States and was returnmg to R~ussls hghly pleased mth the results of lus mit

The wnter found D r Tutyshkm a speedst m the field of soc~al eugemcs-and hence, vltally m- terested m Blrth Control H e was anxious to get a Blrth Control Movement launched m Sovlet Rus- sla Whle some p r e h a r y work had been done m tbu field, no attempt to form an orgamzatIon had been undertaken

Upon arnvlng m Moscow the work of effectmg such an organmhon was taken up m earnest, D r Tutyshkds apartments bemg used both for com- rmttee and general meetmgs Fnally, on Wednes- day eve-, August 19th, after a number of pre-

P marsfin ress 80 Fourth Avenue F T F 7

h m a r y meetmgs had been held, the m t e r and D r Tutyshkm, asslsted by Jesslcs Snuth, formerly of the Blrth Control staff, and Prof Harry F Ward, of the Umon Theologwal Semmary, and lus I s e , met. There was l~llhated the first step toward ef- fectmg a permanent organmiahon by the appomt- ment of a comrmttee of four doetors, Prof Peter Tutyshlun, Chamman, and three other leadmg physlclans of Moscow D r S Nekrasol, D r J Tutyshkm, and lus daughter, D r T Fmjaguls It IS the work of tbu Comm~ttee to call a large meetmg to form a permanent organmlxon for B h conhl M-w and later all the Re- pubhcs The reason an = d a t e o r g a m h o n was not effected was that many of the leadmg doc- tors, teachers and soclal workers of Moscow were

~ ~ ~ ~ l u p r a c o w m O r a m P w After hcussmg Blrth Control mth a number of physiasns, teachers and laymen, mth Dr Tutysh-

A km kmdly actmg as mterpreter, the wnter IS able

November, 1994

to report thst c o n d i h m Sovlet Russm are most favorable for the lam- of a Blrth Control movement there. H e found some md8erence to theplan,wluchwastobeexpededmsolargea uty, but no opposlt~on to a permanent orgaruza- tIon was noted, m fact, most of the people mter- mewed were e n t h d c over the ~dea of reahmg voluntary parenthood for the mothers of Sovlet Russls by the use of sc1enMc methods of Bvth ControL

Not only was t h ~ ~ true of the laymen mth whom he talked, but particularly was ~t true of the Mos- cow phys~cuuts. Dr. Tutyshkm stated that m con- vemng mtb his colleagues he has not found a single opponent. They all expressed warm approval of the p r o p o d H e was sure he could count on the cooperation of the entue m d c a l profession.

Furthermore, what IS exceedmgly important to the success of the Bmth Control movement m any country and especlslly m Sovlet Russia, where there are no laws agslnst the grmng of bmth con- trol mformat~on, woman's freedom has been pushed forward to such a pomt that about two years ago Madame Alexandra Kolenta~, Russ~a's leadmg femuut, secured the repeal of the old statute laws of the Czar's regune, whch made aborhon a cnm- d offense. Now even aborhon can be effected d o u t government interference or punishment. The advantage taken of the repeal of the above law mhcates a keen d e m for b d control and s sane need of buzh control mformabon on the part of the mothers of Soviet Russm T ~ I S mformabon wdl make aboxbon, resorted to on account of poverty and *.a of these recent years, no longer nee ===Y.

So the field is quite in harvest. The workers are many but then equipment m this part~cular field n very scant. Prof Tutyshkm told me that there were several t h g s that they were m dlre need of for carrying on thh work successfully. First, is the need of sclenMc matenal and hkr-

akne from America d&g mth Blrth Con&& eugerucs and allied subjects.

Second, the need of contrseephve m a t e d and apphnces for actual use for then patients

Third, they would welcome any h c 1 a l suppod for carrymg on the educaboml propaganda work

Prof !htydkm and his comrmttee expect to be able to send at least two delegates from Sovlet Rus- sls to the Internat~onsl Buth Control Conference to be held in New York m March, 1925 -w, they expect to bring mth them to that meetmg an mvltabon to Mrs. Sanger, h d e n t of the Amer- lean Buth Control League, to come to Russ~a for a sene of lectures to the end that the movement there may take on enthusiasm and growth and be- wme one of the largest and best m the world.

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BIRTH CONTROL REVIEW 104 FIFTH AVENUE NEW YORK

COMING EVENTS ORGANIZATIONS in th~rteen states, dlstrlb- uted geographically from coast to coast, have In- vlted Mrs Sanger to speak The lnvltatlons are as follows CALIFORNIA, LOS Angeles The Friday

Morn~ng Club, Mrs Shelley H Tolhurst, Chalrman, Pub- 11c Affa~rs Committee

Berkeley Unlverslty of Call- fornia, the women students

Oakland Alameda C o u n t y Branch of the Amerlcan Blrth League

San Franczsco Social Servlce League Clvic Center

COLORADO, Colorado Sprzngs Open Forum Denver Open Forum

INDIANA, Terre Haute Open Forum IOWA, Des Moznes Federation of Wo-

men's Clubs ILLINOIS, Chzcago Chicago South Shore

Temple Men's Club MASSACHUSETTS, Boston The New Thought

Forum, Rudolph Frederick, President

Roxbury Boston Young Men's Hebrew Association

MISSOURI. St Louis Wednesday Morn- ing Club

PENNSYLVANIA. ~Brun Mawr Liberal Club TEXAS, ~ ~ 1 1 u . s Dallas Birth Control

Committee UTAH, Salt Lake Czty First U n ~ t a r ~ a n

Church Arrangements have also been made for Mrs

Sanger to speak before the U n ~ t y Forum, In Mont- clalr, N J , on the evening of November 23 H e r subject wlll be clv~l~zatlon and population The Forum IS an organ~zation for the frank and free d~scusslon of all v~ t a l problems by experts It is sustained by the Unity Church, of whlch the Rev Edgar Swan Meiers is pastor Mrs Sanger is also scheduled to speak a t All Souls Forum, Summlt, N J

A P U B L I C meetlng under the ausplces of the Amer~can B ~ r t h Control League, to celebrate the completion of the third year of ~ t s existence, mll be held a t Carneg~e Hall, New York City, on the everimg of December 6th All League rrierr~bers In New York are urged to attend, and the meet~ng w~ll also be open to the general publ~c The record of achievement for 1924 wlll be presented, and lt IS

felt that this record will enhst new and active sup- port for a larger and more Important program for

November, 1924

of the S I X T H I N T E R N A T I O N A L B I R T H CONTROL CONFERENCE, which will be held m New York March 26-31, 1925 Statesmen, scient~sts, medical men and social workers will attend this conference from all parts of the United States, from England, from the Continent of Europe and even from countries as dlstant as China, Japan and India Their work will be the laylng of a real basis for the solution of interna- tional problems through the general adoption of Birth Control It 1s the first time that such a Con- ference has been held m the Unlted States, and there is good reason to hold that ~t mll be the most fundamental and fruitful Conference ever held In America

THE MODERhT G R E E K M O T H E R (Contmued from page 312)

believe they wlll see their future husbands The modern Greek mother, as a rule, does not

like to give birth to a girl, because, in view of the deplorable practice still prevalent, of financial ac- companiment m favor of the bridegroom, marriage from the girl's parents' standpoint, or from that of the eldest son in the family, becomes a matter of far-reaching and not seldom very onerous Im- portance Clearly, it is not the introduction of the Birth Control idea that is desired here-Greece, moreover, is by no means overpopulated-yet one cannot help thlnking that it might be of some bene- fit As it is, when for some reason she does not wish to become a mother more than tmce or thrice, or when she pathetically hopes and prays for a boy, all she can do is to rely on saintly intervention and varlous superstitions

Exceptmg a small number of wealthy women in the cities the women do not have any knowledge of the Blrth Control movement Llke the Roman Catholic Church, the Church of Greece (a branch of the Eastern Orthodox Communion) IS an in- veterate opponent oi the mere idea and ~t can ha readlly seen that the relief and power resulting from the legal application of the proper methods are inaccessible to the great majority of the mothers of Greece Somewhat like the woman of Homeric times they usually rely on the Chr~stian counterpart of Hera, the pagan goddess, "the bad- tempered consort of the slre of men and gods "

THE G E N E S I S O F DIVORCE (Contmnued f rom page 310)

husband that his wife no longer loves him, a feelmg on the part of the wlfe that all she means to her husband is the gratification of his sexual impulses- the side of hls nature she has been taught to regard as the lowest and basest-resulting finally In com-

The American Birth Control League

Is Starting on a New Year

W E N E E D YOUR HELP F O R A L A R G E R P R O G R A M O F W O R K

You belleve in Blrth Control

Show your slncer~ty by alding the movement

How much 1s your bellef worth'

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OTHERS HAVE DONE THIS WHY NOT YOU> I Send to Ifcndqtcnrts~s fo7 Fnroll~acat 911ps and E r c e L r n f l a t ~ and l l c l p us to start our fourth vcar wtth etltkua~c~sm

Enclosed 1s my check for 5 (or dollar bdl) whlch I aend to the Amer~can Blrth Control Leabue to ald ~ t s work / I

Also please send me enrollment slips and free leaflets II Name

Address

- Natnonal Headquarters, 104 Ftfth Avenue, New York C ~ t y Margaret Sanger, Frances B iich~rrn tnn,

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Bzrth Control R m w

AS A DOCTOR SEES IT By Dr. B. L&er-Uoth $2.00

A new and d q u e book Pow& lha- trated with 64 pcndl Bketcbes by the adtar 17s storm. Rsched as a melation by the prcm every- whnr Glaoaa hto the hthnate life of dl kinds of people Part two, " P o u d Plmnwro," deal# alth 86s U f o a d Birth C o d r d !&Xi pasr

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plete rmsunderstnndmg, poss~bly ddehty, and fbdly permanent separahon

The quest~on of Birth Control IS to be one of the bunung quest10115 of the next twenty-five yesrs. The New York State League of Women Voters m thew convenhon a few months ago favored, by a conmclng majority, the adophon of a legdatave measure perm~ttmg the h r m n a t ~ o n of buth con- trol mformahon

And through ~t all runs the thread of lts m- portsnce m relabon to the quest~on of d~vorce. Do you realue that, It the present mcrease m tbe &- voree rate contmues, by the end of the century posslblyslxtypercentof allmamageswillendm dvorce rather than by death7 The church, as the conseeraw orgamzabon of mamage, the church wluch adds so much of beauty, dgmty, and rever- ence to the bonds of mamage, must face the s~tua- hon squarely and stnve to find the answer to the quest~on, "Wherem hes the geneas of d~vorcec" A parbal answer to that questxon, at least, IS given here.

<

KEEPING UP WITH MENCIUS (CorJlsrclsll from w e 311)

day long, stoopmg under the burden of welght almost equal to them own. Huddled together like rodents for warmth m wmter, sweltermg when the summer days pour out them SUfFoeatq heat upon the shadeless land, never tastmg a wholesome meal from bvth untd de&h, ~gno-t d all butswelter- mg or freezmg, starvahon and drudgery, here we have the hvmg example of conhued dmegard for the law of supply and demand. In thLp chaohc me- lange lt has occurred to no one that order IS nature's f h t law. In fear and superstihon they only re- Iterate the egotwt Menaus. "Three thmgs are evil, and the greatest of these IS to have no Wnty.''

F U N D A M E N T A L atheBs-dofThingr

An mtm-ehng radical and s a d pemphlet by thst reahstic vnter, DT P A. Kane, modern on the abject, twenty-five eenta &I@LS&

pubhshed m THE CBUCIRIX, an p g n d c weekly, one dollar per year.

& . a l O ~ f . w r a s y J I a p * .

RAYMER'S OLD BOOK STORE 1330FiiA- - - S d t b , W d .

OUR CONTaIBUTORS Mrs. Helen Wcud Brmf i ld , W* a d P r m

Correspondent, lorag reauknt m S h n g a i . Dr. Percy Clmk, P h B , formerly paator, n o z ~

M d e t of F d t y of COrrreU UniVe~t%@. H m U Hart, Recent& Dwector of Clsild Welfare

Department, Dea M m w , I o t a profess^^ of S o d Scrence, B r p M a w .

Madame Andre Raeder, G m n ton& and advo- cate of Buth Control

George Sarantm, Greek, wnter a d tramlator of books on Greece, teacher of Modern Greek, N Y

Anna AUen Ballantsne, 8 h d story wnter Frank S C Wacka, Unitanan Mawter, I&n-

apoks.

*

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