ov 14 - 1 copyright © 2011 element k content llc. all rights reserved. network management network...

OV 14 - 1Copyright © 2011 Element K Content LLC. All rights reserved.

Network Management

Network Monitoring Configuration Management Documentation Network Performance Optimization


Network Management

Network management

Operations Administration Maintenance Provisioning


SNMP

SNMP management

system

Servers

Routers

Printers


Network Monitoring Tools

Purpose Tools

LAN monitoring

Remote Monitoring (RMON) pathping OpManager Distinct Network Monitor Solarwinds ipMonitor

QoS monitoring

QoS parameters Router parameters Load balancing NimBus XenMon RT Audio and RT Video


Network Monitoring Tools (Cont.)

Purpose Tools

Bandwidth monitoring

Netflow analyzer Rokario Du Meter

WAN monitoring

Exinda Router monitoring Castlerock Visual Up Time AdvantNet Observer


Categories of Network Monitoring Tools

Network monitoring tools are broadly classified into three functional

categories: Status monitoring – Used to gather data related to the status of a network. Traffic monitoring – Used to gather data related to the traffic generated on a

network. Route monitoring – Used to trace the route taken by packets and detect

routing delays, if any.


Network Traffic Analysis

Network traffic analysis include: Identification of the inbound and outbound protocols. Identifying if the ports that are open and closed. Checking the traffic that passes through a firewall. Checking the throughput, threshold limits, and the overall network

performance. Tracing packets on the network. Studying network utilization.


Port Filtering

TCP

TCP

TCP

UDP

UDP

UDP


Traffic Filtering

Filtered contentFiltered content


Network Diagnostics

Some of the activities performed by the diagnostics tools are: Monitors end-to-end application response time. Analyzes network traffic. Manages device performance. Monitors and alerts availability, bandwidth utilization, and health of devices. Provides network diagnostics for troubleshooting and resolving issues. Offers network discovery tools that facilitate IP address management, port

mapping, and ping sweeps. Provides tools for real-time NetFlow analysis, configuration, and device

management.


System Performance Monitors

System performance monitors: Monitors services, processes, and resources Counters and thresholds Can be included in the operating system or separate software tools Examples:

UNIX/Linux: top Windows: Windows Reliability and Performance Monitor


Protocol Analyzers

Displays captured frames

and contents

Displays captured frames

and contents


Network Fault Tolerance

One system fails, another takes overOne system fails, another takes over


Network Administration

Network administration covers support functions required to manage a network.

Administration of a network includes: Designing the network Tracking usage Assigning addresses Planning upgrades Taking service orders Keeping track of network inventory Collecting accounting data, and billing customers.


Configuration Management

Configuration management database contains records

of the topology

Configuration management database contains records

of the topology


Network Documentation

Network maps Location and routing information

Device information Hardware and software configuration, including changes

Utilization statistics Usage logs and reports

Policies and procedures Guidelines for performing network management tasks


Physical Network Diagrams

12-port switch

File Server

Remote Access Server

Mail Server

Web Server 12-port switch24-port switch


Logical Network Diagrams

File Server

Mail Server

Web Server

Sample Internal Network: 192.168.1.0

IP: 192.168.1.252Host name:

mail.everythingforcoffee.com

IP: 192.168.1.252Host name:

mail.everythingforcoffee.com

192.168.1.254

10.0.0.2

IP: 192.168.1.253Host name:

Fs01.everythingforcoffee.com

IP: 192.168.1.253Host name:

Fs01.everythingforcoffee.com

IP: 192.168.1.251Host name:

www.everythingforcoffee.com

IP: 192.168.1.251Host name:

www.everythingforcoffee.com


Critical Hardware and Software Inventories

Hardware Inventory

EntryInformation to Include

Standard workstation

A basic description of a standard client workstation. Include minimum requirements and the installed operating system as well as how many workstations of this type are deployed.

Specialty workstation

A description of any specialty workstations deployed. Include a brief description of their roles and special configurations implemented on them.

Basic serverA list of the basic server hardware configuration and the role of these servers.

Connectivity hardware

A list of all connectivity hardware in as much detail as possible.

Backup hardwareDocument critical information about the backup hardware, such as the vendor and model number of a tape drive, backup hard drives, DVD drives, and network attached storage if applicable.


Critical Hardware and Software Inventories (Cont.)

Software Inventory

EntryInformation to Include

Operating system software

All operating system software, including desktop and server operating systems.

Productivity and application software

Off-the-shelf productivity software, including any applications installed on client machines and servers.

Maintenance utilities

The utilities used to maintain a network, especially backup software and software configuration.

Backup documentation

Records of when backups were taken, how frequently to take them, what backups contain, where backups are stored, and credentials needed to restore backups.

Overall asset inventory

If your company maintains an overall asset inventory, attach a copy. Many companies use the inventory as a base to track hardware and maintenance.


Network Policies

One of a set of formalized statements defining network functions

One of a set of formalized statements defining network functions

Establishes expectations for users, management,

and IT personnel

Establishes expectations for users, management,

and IT personnel

Acceptable use of network equipment

Acceptable use of network equipment


Legal Compliance Requirements and Regulations

Organizations must consider their legal obligations, rights, liabilities, and limitations when creating policies.

Information security practices must comply with legal requirements that are documented in other departmental policies


Network Baselines

Documents the network’s current performance level. Reveals were bottlenecks are impeding system performance. Provides evidence for upgrading systems.


The Network Baselining Process

2. Design tests

2. Design tests

3. Schedule tests

3. Schedule tests

4. Run tests

4. Run tests

5. Document results

5. Document results

6. Analyze data

6. Analyze data

7. Repeat tests when performance low

7. Repeat tests when performance low

1. Evaluate network

1. Evaluate network

8. Upgrade or reconfigure as needed

8. Upgrade or reconfigure as needed


QoS

Different types of network traffic have different requirements

Different types of network traffic have different requirements

SLA

SLA includes parameters and remedies for failure

SLA includes parameters and remedies for failure


The Need for QoS

VideoVoiceData Audio

Traditional dataapplications needlower packet loss

Traditional dataapplications needlower packet loss

Real-time applicationsneed higher

bandwidth priority

Real-time applicationsneed higher

bandwidth priority


QoS Parameters

Parameter Description

Bandwidth The average number of bits of data that can be transmitted from a source to a destination over the network in one second.

LatencyAlso called lag or delay is the time difference between transmission of a signal and when it was received.

Jitter The variability over time in latency between sequentially transmitted data packets.

Packet loss The number of packets that are lost or damaged during transmission.

EchoA reflected sound, a distinct repetition of the original sound—a familiar phenomenon in phone calls when you hear your own voice after a few milliseconds (ms).


Traffic Shaping

A mechanism in QoS for introducing some amount of delay in traffic that exceeds an administratively defined rate.

Smoothes down traffic burst. Does not drop packets.


Load Balancing

Without load balancing, one server can be inundated with requests

while others remain idle.

With load balancing, request are more evenly distributed among

the available servers.


High Availability

High data availabilityHigh data

availability


Caching Engines

Indexes data for faster responses to requestsIndexes data for faster responses to requests

Caching Engine


High Bandwidth Applications

Computer running high bandwidth application

Computer running high bandwidth application


Factors Affecting a QoS Implementation

QoS Implementation

FactorDescription

Packet classification

Each packet coming to a router is classified based on its QoS requirements. This classification enables the router to process the packet based on its resource requirement.

PolicingAn application requests the required amount of network resources, and it must always adhere to this request. An application must not send packets at a rate more than what was requested.

Appropriate resource allocation

A network may receive both data and voice packets simultaneously. It is the network device’s responsibility to appropriately allocate resources to both these types of data.

Call admission

Once a network receives a QoS request, it verifies the available network resources to see if it can provide the required quality. In case of unavailability of network resources, the network can deny the request.


Reflective Questions

1. What network optimization tools, methods, or techniques do you feel

will be most important to you as you manage your organization's

network for optimal performance?

2. What are the network monitoring activities you are likely to perform in

your organization?