July/Augus%fSeptember 2012

Polly HennesseyEditor

In most areas of thecountry wood burning

from fireplaces and wood-stoves is the largest sourceofparticlepollution generated by residential sourcesIt can contribute as much

as 80% in the wintermonths.

Olympic Region Clean Air

TAMS/ITEP/EPA

Tribal Air MonitoringOutlook

Wood Stove Change Out‘Does your wood stove have a dirty little secret?”

Burn Wise, EPA

Wood smoke fromresidences has become apoint of issue in manytribal communities. eEnvironmental P otection

gency (EPA) has implemented a p rtnersbipprogram, Burn Wise, toassist communities in addressing this problem.

If the sight ndsmell o wood smoccurling out o a chimneyevokes m - mo iesof “hearth and home” formany. or ot e - it s a

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The smoke romwood stoves or fireplaces contains manydifferent chemicalcompounds includingfine particulates, nitrogen oxi es ulfuroxides, carbon monoxide, olatile organic

stoves contribute significantly to particulateair ollution. PAhas eg I ted woodheater particul te emissions since 8 . Woodstove mo el ‘ thatareinco ‘nthe ueare c-en’

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installed correctly and annually serviced anew wood stove should have a lifetime of 30 to 40years.

• Make sure your wood stove is the right size forthe room it is healing.

• Choose the proper fuel.• Use appropriate burning techniques.• Reduce the amount of firewood burned by

making your house more energy efficient

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At present, there are approximately 29mffliou wood-burning fireplaces .8. homes.Fireplaces do not normally make up t e p maryheating source in homes; however, they do contribute ub tan amo ok de pollutiointo the air. This is significant problem inhigh-density urban areas.

According to P (B rHome-Winter Tips) the energy e~ xci icyenvironmental benefits of r placing oldstoves and fir ‘laces ‘can ye e moneyresources and t rotect your family’ health.

• cut creosote build-up in chimneys that helpsreduce the risk of fire

• produces 70 percent less particle pollutionindoors and out

• reduces indoor and outdoor wood smoke pollution which has been linked to cancer, asthmaand other serious health conditions

• im roved combustion efficiency reduces C02methane and black carbon emissions

• save billions in health benefits each year.”

For the most part, wood-burning fireplacesare not considered the most efficient method ofheating a home. Unfortunately most of the heaexits the house through the chimney thus providing less heat. If you have central heating on whileusing the fireplace you ar in fact, asking ecentral heater to work harder in order to maintainan even temperature. Also, make sur to us onlydry firewood in your fireplace or woo -bu.stove. Wet or damp wood creates oo m c mwhich simply means wasted fuel.

According to PAs:m ‘progr:m“Smoke is made up of a co”.’lex “.tu e f gasesand fine particles produce.. when wood an’ t th rorganic matter burn. A i ajor health thre: t f rnsmoke comes from the ‘articles (also called particlep0 .ution, particulate matter or PM). hesemicroscopic particles can get into your eyes and

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that you burn wood for heat or cooking purposes thenit is imperative that your stove or fireplace does notleak and that it operates properly.

The following resources will give you moredetailed information about wood burning stoves andfireplaces.

‘Remember—ifyou can smell smoke,you are breathing smoke!”

Final County Arizona, Dept ofAir Quality

What is in that smoke you are breathing?Some very powerful pollutants

• Carbon Monoxide (CO) this is an odorless, colorless gas that is produced when burning wood lackssufficient air.

• Nitrogen Oxide (NO,J - harms the respiratory system lessening its abifity to fight infection.

• Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) - carbon-based chemicals that react with NO~ in sunlight toform ozone. VOCs indoors can be two to five timeshigher than VOCs outdoors. One of the easiestways to ~t indoor VOCs is to let the outdoors in—fresh air.

• Toxic Pollutants some wood smoke can ontaintoxic and cancer-causing elemen .s, such as benzene, formaldehyde and poly clic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAm. PAils are made whenever substances are burned, in this case, wood smoke. Itshould be noted that manufactured fireplace logsare not recommended as they produce o c fumesucluding PCB.

Replace your old, me cient wood stov with acleaner, more efficient model. EPA set sta.ndar s forwood stoves over twenty years ago. This means t atthe stoves must mee text in ein~ sion standards somake sure the stove s the certific tion. eymust carry the E A E ssio Ce catio be.

ou wood buriiin toy heace e o er

f you wo 1 ore inf a o o dburni.ngstovesandfi e esg t f frsites: nwn .eI)a.govIw oodstoves ~ W V. -t.IiaII.e(Iu/itel).

“I Ion to Burn Cleaner” ~‘idcos: Develope byAir Watch Northwest, these two 5-minute videos,“A Quick Guide on How to Select a New Stovfor Home Heat” and ‘How to Operate oStove More Efficiently,” rovide tips on ow tselect and properly operate a wood stove. Thevideos may be accessed and downloaded at:http: wnn .airn atclinorthwcst.org/honieheating/in (let lit fli.

• For additional information on how to reducewood smoke in your community, review he USEPA publication, “Strategies for Reducing WooSmoke”. It can be found at: http:!/nwn.cpajjo~hii mw ise/pdfs/SI rategics l)oc8— II —09.inl f.

• Fedc ma I I’rogra iii’. to ‘Mi 1)1)0 ii (‘han geou ts: As aresult of the American Recovery and Reinves -

ment Act, new anno ce ents o t eavailable and can be t. http:Iwww ~nirgs .go; I CeOl t rv/funding.htni.

• Chinincv Safety Institute of America (CSI ~) 5 a

non profit, educational organization ‘edicated ochimney and yen ig system safety. They repr

n 0 • ,!LI c~ • ~rouc5~~.the country that can help disse i • ‘at d cationalmaterials. Chimney sweeps are i • exc Heatsource of information an’. can provi’ e insight onocal wood burning practices. CS ca ii ntifyhimney sweeps ‘ most communities. o t

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One of the services provided by TAMS to the tribes isprofessional assistance. This assistance is often requested by theindividual tribal air quality managers and may include on sitesix po for monitori equipment operation and maintenance,calibration and audits, data management and other related areas. The

A following are two articles relevant to this service provided by TAMS.The following was submifted by Glenn Cehring, T S.

The ozone calibration line is normally closed with aninline Teflon valve located inside. In this condition, sample airpasses through the inlet and goes to the ozone analyzer throughTeflon tubing routed inside the electrical conduit, then throughthe wall.

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About a year ago, Alfonso Mahkewa, Hotevilla-Bacavi Community Schoo. e soEnvironmental Specialist II at the Hopi purch sed ¼-inch P fib I tu iin1Environmental Protection Office, requested variety of other s ecial ite ee’ edassistance from the TAMS Center to help him s ment insta lation an . ‘e . ‘ r tconduct an ixiitial ozone assessment a Ho i s tidy p Hod. op1 en ironm ntal s aNation. There are some larg ozone precursor considerable lanning and effort in o issources in the surrounding area and onso projectwanted to determine if the exis ozonemonitoring network ade uately repr ented Once all the lanning was done hrougozone concentrations at flopi Na on. he the stitute for Tribal Envi ‘nmen ofclosest ozone si e was about 75 miles from the sionals E ) P ofessiona.populatio area Aifonso want to as ess, so it P ogram, enn - eh v - led ‘ o’

seemed reasonable for him to monito ozone s t i ‘ ~zi e’ •

partoftheassessment. in lab nand ovi’.e . g. cie~ida i ic—:

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develo a pla o assess ozine ‘a i ‘o. stalta oninganozone.monior n’ an ‘zoe • afromT Sfora3-monthm.nito ii ‘roj t ‘n n ii

and then compare hourly data ga herd at t e the q x.ment and ‘e i a- yeHopi monitoring itewith holy daaat ~e itees ig, -Il ~oii- it- •

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Band of Cherokee Indiansby Glenn Gehring

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We identified another location inside theshelter where we could install the RAM. his created a problem. We needed to determine wherethat inside spot was on the ceiling w i en we wereoutside on the roof, and the roof was corrugatedwith high and low spots—we needed the • late ofthe outside to be in a high spo. We used the onerofthedoorandmadeinrk tie ‘‘fl

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The following article was written by GlennGehring, a member of the TAMS staff. Glenn is aTechnology Specialist providing professionalassistance to tribes.

I completed travel to Cherokee, NorthCarolina. The travel was from March 4 throughMarch 10, 2012. The travel was to provide Professional Assistance to Amy Smoker and Katie Renwick,air quality sta at the Eastern Band of CherokeeIndians (ECBI). They recently purchased a new monitoring shelter and requested assistance with installingan ozone analyzer, ozone primary standard z ro airgenerator and RAM 1020 configured for M-2.5 Msampling. In addition, they requested assis ance withtroubleshooting and repairing a used 2025 sequentialFRM PM-2.5 sampler that is to be collocated with theRAM, as well as instruction on rebuilding a 2025sam le pump.

When I arrived, the tribe did not ave she ‘s’esor rack mounts for their equipm nt rack i e hozone equipment was to be installed. With my assistance, they built shelves from hardwood p • ood. Wethen configured their ozone sampling sy m so theycould routinely conduct thefr erifca ‘ons h ough ti

probe (CRFs requfre ti I h sin~ e •oi hcpass through the sample It a’. i e

sample collection sys em :5 I C. ‘ ). ‘

lion provided o ozone cal ‘c. to pass ‘ ou i tieentire sample collection sytem with the e: ep o of ashort -inch long tubing stub. The ozone equipment

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Meet our staffMelinda Ronca-Battista

Verde Nuclear Power Plant m onopah, ArizonrBoeing research; radiopharmaceutical assem lyfirms and other laboratories. She has spent yearsdoing audits of radiation safety rograms abases, where s e learned how radiation s ety is implemented by our military. She has also conducttrainings, written numerous Quali su cP oject Plans and spent ore hours than sb ncount analyzing data.

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Melinda Ronca-Bauista

Melinda Ronca-Battista has been part of theTAMS staff since its inception in 2000. She is acertified Health Physicist and has degrees in othHealth Physics and hysics rom the niv rsity oMichigan She is part of the Institute for TribalEnvironmental Professionals (ITEP) located atNorthern Arizona University (NAT)) and hroughthem is one of the instru t a urreutly eat gcourses for the American Indian ualiTraining Progra (ALA TP)

Melinda, before omingJTEP, enjoyed a wide-ranging a d varied careerbeginning ith ne tr cli Co analy t eresearch reactor at the U ersity of c gan.haise rk rm~ pow tatie

labreseac ente an ‘e ci cRadiao Sae.tonDCw rsh~ . ‘ oOfficeo ‘‘ ‘a

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with fo ‘ e. i rHop -‘ ‘. eSc e.

e a econsu tin sra ~oacthe a e e useau its of afe

elindanowconduc tra~ ‘g a’

mccli cs .fwritin ‘P an’ ‘epossible to a ake this an e joy. e a

favorite challenges is to ma e deli e o htraining courses more efficient.ing with a contractor o ‘evelopso a e into CDs an. a g a

management courses ‘ ‘ me n’ on -

rovi’.e C “pie ‘atabas--, x emani $ ul lion a’ d genera info ‘atiokills in o

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an ixiteractive, “e.’ on le ~gorog videos ofent. Sb o.cludin ‘-a-

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QA Kcys for Tribal Grantee

Future dates for this wehinar will be a ounced

This 90 minute webinar is designed for tribes who are now or will soon gathermonitoring data snider a grant from the S PA.. The weW will we

• Terminology of QA/QC 3• QAPPs and EPA’s G aded pproach

• QC measurements re ed fo gaseous an - aWith references covering specifics)

• e4typesofa di scomparing d to N

• PQAOs

• Data valid (ion e eme Is

When pr seuted d an e c s • .0

For or liii r 10Me31(1 I iija. Ilonc.i— IL.ittista 41 nasu.ccl ii.

AIAQTP Courses

July 31-August 2, 2012Data Analysis & Interpretation

Pechanga, CA

October 10-12, 2012Dataloggers

Las Vegas, NV

October 16-19, 2012Introduction to Tribal Air Quality

Flagstaff,

Decembe 4- , 2012T iba. articipa o in If Process

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a ry8- 1Treatment as Statc e ta

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h : sasta AZ

Contact.L .i S e r T m oor:2 3-8

all. Lvd ia.Scheer a na U .ed

If~ on ii mIld like an electronic version of this new slctfcr, please let me knon at:H en nessev. Pa LI lette a epa.gov