outline & implications for hvac 1 volume 12019/04/10 · outline & implications for hvac prepared...

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Volume 1

Outline & Implications for HVAC

Prepared for AIRAH division events with the collaborative efforts of:

AIRAH Upcoming

Events

May 30 – Tamworth Industry Night

Wests Tamworth

July 3 – Western Sydney Industry Night

Rosehill Gardens

July 25 – Central Sydney Industry Night

Luna Park Sydney

September 5 – AIRAH Members Lunch

Doltone House

AIRAH Professional

Development Courses

April 29 – Building Ventilation Course

Primus Hotel Sydney

May 28 – Essential Safety Measures

Primus Hotel Sydney

June 12 – Section J Seminar Series

Sydney

August 15 - BCA Section J Course

Sydney

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Conferences, Workshops & Training Programs

Professional Diploma in Building Services

– HVAC&R

April 2019 intake OPEN NOW!

NSW GOLF DAY

Ryde-Parramatta

Golf Club

Thursday, October 24

Sponsorships Available!

[email protected]

Katie FallowfieldWSP

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Ken Thompson,

M.AIRAHRedd Zebra

Healthcare HVAC

Event Sponsor

Karen HillFletcher Insulation

Volume 1

Outline & Implications for HVAC


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COMING SOON!

May and June 2019

• An overview of the major changes to Section J

• How this will affect the HVAC&R industry and building services sector

• How industry can comply and adapt to the changes.

more information available at airah.org.au

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WHERE DOES THE NCC FIT IN?

• Government Acts & Regulations require NCC/BCA

• BCA permits Deemed-to-Satisfy (DTS) or

Performance (Alternative) Solutions

• DTS ventilation requirements are included in F4.5,

F4.11, F4.12, E2.2 etc, which refer to Standards

• Numerous Standards. The AS 1668 series lies at

the core of mechanical ventilation design and

certification

• Readability improvements

– Application, Limitations, Notes & Explanatory Information are highlighted throughout

– State & Territory Variations highlighted

• Digital compatibility for web content

– The arrangement of some tables has changed

• Definitions for all volumes are combined in SCHEDULE 3

• Referenced documents moved to SCHEDULE 4

NCC2019

GENERAL CHANGES

IMPROVED ACCESS – IT’S ONLINE!

NCC.ABCB.GOV.AU

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It’s also

available in

mobile format!

BUT DON’T WORRY…

PDF & HARD COPIES STILL EXIST

HOW DO WE USE THE NCC?

Each volume of the NCC is divided into two main

sections:

1. Administrative requirements contained within the

Governing Requirements (SECTION A).

2. Technical requirements contained within the

remaining sections of the NCC.

The Governing Requirements tell us the rules and

instruct us in how we use and comply with the NCC.

Don’t ignore Section A!

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SECTION A

GOVERNING REQUIREMENTS

Part A1 Interpreting the NCC

Part A2 Compliance with the NCC

Part A3 Application of the NCC in States and Territories

Part A4 NCC referenced documents

Part A5 Documentation of design and construction

Part A6 Building classification

Part A7 United buildings

• New Verification Methods for parts of:

– Structure (Section B)

– Fire Resistance (Section C)

– Access & Egress (Section D)

– Services and Equipment (Section E)

– Health & Amenity (Section F)

– Ancillary Provisions (Section G)

– Energy Efficiency (Section J)

NCC2019

TECHNICAL CHANGES

• Our colleagues-in-coordination will be dealing

with changes to:

– Building Envelope – Fabric, Glazing, etc

– Lighting Energy

– Lift Energy

– Fire Resistance

– Sprinklers

– Access & Egress Improvements

NCC2019

TECHNICAL CHANGES

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• Section C – Fire Resistance (options for reporting)

• Section E – Smoke Hazard Management (clarifications)

• Section F – Condensation Management (new)

• Section J – Energy Efficiency (big changes!)

NCC2019

HVAC RELATED CHANGES

• Amendment to Tested Systems, permitting

the use of reports from an Accredited Testing

Laboratory to confirm the FRL of systems that

vary from a tested prototype.

– Refer to Section 4 of AS 4072.1

Components for the protection of openings in fire-resistant

separating elements Service penetrations and control joints

C3.15

OPENINGS FOR SERVICE INSTALLATIONS

• The term “zone smoke control” became “zone

pressurisation”, aligning with AS 1668.1

• Clarification that zone pressurisation only

applies to “vertically separated” fire

compartments.

• Wait, what…?

E2.2

SMOKE HAZARD MANAGMENT

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© Commonwealth of Australia and the States and Territories 2019, published by the Australian Building Codes Board.

extract from NCC2019 Volume 1 Table E2.2a

ZONE PRESSURISATION IN NCC2019

extract from NCC2019 seminar presentation, ABCB 2019

WHAT DOES AS 1668.1

SAY ABOUT THIS?

• AS 1668.1 is “neutral” on WHERE and WHEN Zone

Pressurisation is applied.

• Requirements are all relative to fire compartments.

• Relevant compartments determined by the NCC

(ie: “vertically separated”).

• Non-mandatory Appendix A in AS 1668.1 (for Health

and Aged Care Buildings) was revised to improve

neutrality, but remains “informative” only.

(eg: “which may exceed the requirements of the NCC”)

WHILE WE’RE TALKING ABOUT

AS 1668.1…

Amendment 1 to AS 1668.1:2015 was published in

December 2018 ( & this is referenced in NCC2019 )

• Redefined minor systems

relative to an “air path”

• Shutdown exemption for some

dedicated OA in a single enclosure

• Subduct configurations • Kitchen exhaust protection

• 2m duct concessions –

breakaway joints

• Shutdown Systems –

more alignment with NCC E2.2(b)

• Stair Pressurisation –

number of doors in testing • Additional commentary

• Stair pressurisation –

equipment protection

• Corrected figures

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• Emerging realisation that there are health risks associated with trapped water vapour inside buildings, particularly in colder climates, where ventilation is poorly managed by occupants

• Managing the water vapour may preventing mould growth

• Part F6 may not solve the problem! (this is not “Condensation Control”)

• Designers may exceed these minimum provisions, if additional prevention is required

• Part F6 is an initial step in a staged implementation of condensation management requirements in the NCC

F6

CONDENSATION MANAGMENT

F6

CONDENSATION MANAGEMENT

• 3 elements of construction addressed in the new Part F6 (NCC Volume 1):– Pliable building membrane (sarking, only where this is included)

– Flow rate and discharge of exhaust systems (only where this is included)

– Ventilation of roof spaces (would only apply to voluntary provisions that exceed AS 1668.2)

• Part F6 is limited to Class 2 SOU’s & Class 4 parts

• Part F6 only applies IF these construction elements exist

(none are enforced by Part F6 alone)

F6


• IF a Pliable Building Membrane exists,– It must comply with AS/NZS 4200 Parts 1 & 2

• Pliable building membranes and underlays (materials & installation)

– Where it’s used in climate zones 6,7 and 8, it must be “vapour permeable”• not just perforated sarking

• stops water getting in, allows water vapour out

– Must be positioned correctly, relative to the wall construction

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F6


• IF an exhaust system exists

– Prescribed minimum exhaust from bathrooms, laundries and kitchens

• Consistent with flow rates in much of AS 1668.2

– Kitchen exhaust MUST be discharged outside

• Recirculating rangehoods will no longer comply!

– Bathroom or laundry exhaust may be discharged

• to outside (consistent with AS 1668.2); or

• to an adequately ventilated roof space (inconsistent with AS 1668.2)

F6


• IF an exhaust discharges into a roof space

– This will not comply with AS 1668.2, so this is only possible for systems not required by Part F4

– Minimum unobstructed area is prescribed, relative to the roof pitch

• Half the area over 22° pitch

• What is the “unobstructed area”?

– Openings must promote air movement through the roof space:

• 30% of openings not more than 900mm below roof pitch

• Remaining area provided by eave vents

F6


• Part F6 does not

– stop condensation

– make any reference to Part F4 or AS 1668.2

– mention make-up air (consider FP4.3 & FP4.4)

– tell the occupants to open a window

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11/04/2019

Changes to NCC Section J

2019

Katie Fallowfield

Associate Director - Sustainability

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– Much more stringent minimum compliance

– Highly unlikely that a fully glazed façade will meet minimum compliance

– NCC version is determined by date of CC

NCC Section J Changes in 2019

!

Source: Energy Action

At a glance

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Timeline for Implementation

In NSW the Version of the NCC which applies is dependent on the Date of CC

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At a glance

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Transition period till May 2020

In NSW the Version of the NCC which applies is dependent on the Date of CC

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2020

TRANSITION PERIOD

Section J 2016 OR

Section J 2019 may be

used

At a glance

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Which projects does this impact?

- Common areas now

addressed

- NatHERS star ratings

unchanged

- Maximum Heating and

cooling loads introduced

- Compliance for SOU’s in

NSW is NOT changed

ALL

CLASS 2-9

CLASS 2

RESIDENTIAL

RETAIL

“DISPLAY

GLAZING”

DEFINITION

TIGHTENED

CLASS 3-9

IMPACTED

HOLISTICALLY

Now assessed holistically

Window to Wall ratio has a dramatic impact

on compliance

Fully glazed facades with no shading will require an SHGC of

~0.16

Therefore, a reduction in glazing and/or

increased shading will realistically be required

Insulation will require better thermal breaks

Thermal comfort is now also assessed

At a glance

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WWR x SHGC x Shading factor < 0.13 (climate zone 5)

Building Fabric and Glazing

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HVAC

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– Increased requirements for outdoor air heat recovery and CO2 control

– Increased fan system efficiency requirements

– Increased pumping system requirements

– Increased piping insulation requirements

– Maximum pressure drops permitted in airside and waterside systems decreased

Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems

Lighting and Power

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– Lighting power density allowance (W/m²) is reduced by about half to meet market standard (LED)

– Architectural/feature lighting may be more difficult to comply – eg foyer spaces, lobbies, restaurants, hotels

– Increased requirements for automatic controls –sensors, dimming, etc.

Lighting and Power

Lifts

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– Lighting and ventilation must turn off when the lift is unused for 15min

– Minimum requirements for idle and standby power and energy efficiency class

– Reference to meeting ISO 25745-2

Lifts

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11/04/2019

Collins Arch Development, 447 Collins Street, Melbourne

447 Collins St

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Building Fabric, Roof Lights and Glazing

Compliance with 2016 is achieved through JV3

assessment

Individual elements did not meet DTS provisions

proposed for 2019

JV3 modelling demonstrates NO elements would require

upgrading to meet compliance with 2019

447 Collins St

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– Floor to floor = 3.9m, glazing height 3.2m

– Shading

300mm-500mm on west

500mm on north

– Glazing SHGC 0.25

Features which support good performance

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447 Collins St

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Typical Hotel Floor

447 Collins St

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– The majority of elements meet the DTS provisions of 2019

– Non-compliances include:

– Refrigerant piping insulation will need to be nominally doubled in thickness


447 Collins St

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– Lighting power density requirements are not met in the Hotel lobby, Hotel standard room or Commercial Lobby

– Additional sensors would need to be included in the design to achieve compliance

– Dimming controls would need to be provided

Artificial lighting and power

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11/04/2019

CASE STUDY: Shellharbour Civic Centre, NSW

Shellharbour Civic

Centre

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– The building was designed to meet Section J 2016 as well as achieve a 5 Star Green Star and NABERS 5 Star

– JV3 modelling demonstrates the building is deemed compliantwith the 2019 requirements

– PMV ±1 achieved for all zones


Key features which

assisted compliance:

Copious

shading on

fully glazed

areas

Reduced

WWR on

exposed

facades

Dark glass

Shellharbour Civic

Centre

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Shellharbour Civic Centre

Façade of the library, museum and auditorium foyer View from the Public Square, showing office tower behind

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Shellharbour Civic

Centre

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Motorised dampers would be

needed to be added at every riser take-off at every floor

One new fan selection was made to check

possible compliance

Attenuators would have to

increase in size to reduce pressure drop

Pipework will need to be upsized to

reduce pressure drops

Refrigerant piping and heating hot

water insulation will

need to be nominally doubled in thickness

Shellharbour Civic

Centre

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– Lighting power density in the proposed design met compliance with Part J6 of the NCC 2019

– Additional motion sensors would need to be included in the car park entry to achieve compliance


Shellharbour Civic

Centre

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– No changes were required to building fabric and glazing

– Additional dampers would be required at an estimated cost of $64,000

– Additional refrigerant and hot water piping insulation is required, at 3 times the current price.

– Additional motion sensors required in the car park entryway, at a nominal cost.

– Total budget impact of 0.1% of the construction budget

– Does not include any impact on the Green Star strategy for the project

Economic Analysis

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CASE STUDY: Bupa Stirling, ACT

Bupa Stirling

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Bupa Stirling

Bupa Stirling

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Bupa Stirling

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Bupa Stirling

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– Compliance with 2016 is achieved through JV3 assessment

– Individual elements did not meet DTS provisions proposed for 2019

– JV3 modelling demonstrates the following elements would require upgrading to meet compliance with 2019:


Additional R0.5 of

insulation added to

external walls

Roof insulation was increased by

R1

A tint applied to all windows

to achieve SHGC 0.44 (currently

0.65)

Existing shading

doubled in depth from 300mm to

600mm

Additional shading added to all windows on north, east

and west which did not have shading

previously

Bupa Stirling

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Air-to-air heat exchangers required for all outside fans OR Demand controlled ventilation

A new fan selection was made to check possible compliance.

Some ductwork will have to increase in depth

Refrigerant piping insulation will need to be nominally doubled in thickness

Bupa Stirling

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– Lighting power density requirements are not met in the toilets, the foyer or the office spaces

– However, this building was design in 2012 and as such it is expected that a current design would come closer to compliance in lighting power density for these spaces

– Additional sensors would need to be included in the design to achieve compliance


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Bupa Stirling

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– Increasing the size of services would require coordination with other services and the architect

– The lighting design was found to be compliant with the exception of the lighting power density in the hotel and commercial lobbies and hotel standard rooms

– Compliance could be achieved in this instance through reducing the lighting installed and no cost addition would be expected, however the amenity of the spaces may be impacted

Complications with meeting compliance

Bupa Stirling

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Economic Analysis

ITEM INDICATIVE 2019 COST IMPACT

Building Fabric and Glazing – roof and wall

insulation, improved SHGC in glazing, increased

shading

$68,652

HVAC and Ventilation – CO2 sensors, heat exchangers

and refrigeration piping

$86,400 and $150,000

(or redesign with more fans to avoid

requirement for heat exchangers or CO2

sensors)

Lighting and Power – motion detectors, dimming

controls, new switches

$24,800

Lifts $14,475

TOTAL $194,327-$257,927

Approx 1-2% of the construction

budget

Verification Methods

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– Class 5 only

– 5.5 Star NABERS Energy Commitment Agreement

– Base building GHG not more than 67% of the 5.5 Star level

– PMV ±1 for 95% of the floor area for 98% of the hours

Verification MethodsJV1 – NABERS Energy for Offices

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– Class 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9

– Complies with the simulation requirements and is registered for a Green Star Design and As Built rating

– Annual GHG emissions of the proposed building are less than 90% of the reference building


Verification MethodsJV2 – Green Star


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– Class 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9

– Annual GHG emissions of the proposed building not more than the GHG emissions from the reference building


Verification MethodsJV3 – Verification using a reference building

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2019 UpdateEnergy Efficiency Project

The project has a commercial and a residential component, with the

commercial building changes targeting the common areas of apartment

buildings (Class 2 buildings), Class 3 buildings and Class 5 to 9 buildings.

NCC 2019 – HVAC Update

The planned changes for commercial buildings include:

– Increasing the stringency to a point where the value of energy saved

outweighs the increased cost of construction;

– improving the current reference building Verification Method (JV3);

– formally recognising NABERS Energy and Green Star as Performance

Verification Methods;

– simplifying the Deemed-to-Satisfy Provisions; and

– introducing basic comfort levels for building occupants.

These changes will result in more efficient and comfortable buildings, while

also simplifying compliance options. The changes will also play an important

part in Australia meeting its greenhouse gas reduction and energy productivity

targets.2

Performance RequirementsJP1

a) For a building with a conditioned space, achieving an

hourly regulated energy consumption, averaged over

all hours of operation in a year, of not more than –

i. For a class 2 common area, Class 5, 6, 7b, 8, 9a building, or a

Class 9b School, 30kJ/m2.hr; and

ii. For all other building classifications, 8kJ/m2.hr.

Use of a set value energy consumption level to be proved by

modelling

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JV3 Verification using a reference

building

The general methodology has not changed for JV3. A

reference building is built and then the 2 proposed model

comparison is still used.

The overall comparison results are now expressed in Green

House gas emissions, not energy consumption.

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Software Validation

– ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 140 improves on the BESTEST methodology as

per the peer review of the software test methodologies completed by

the U.S. Department of Energy.

– https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2014/10/f18/emt62_Judkoff_0

42214.pdf

Infiltration

– Leakage rates are based 10m3/hr.m2 at 50Pa. This will require energy

modelling software to have the capability to do mass flow calculations in

determining the performance of the façade system.

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Water Heating systems

– Accounting for energy use and efficiency impacts due to the water

volume, time of operation, feed water pumps, efficiency of the heating

unit based on different input water temperatures, and thermal losses

Ancillary Energy

– Co-generation and Tri-generation systems modelling is required to

account for all ancillary energy consumption of these systems.

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J5 Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems

Major changes are summarised as:

– increased stringency on control of systems, for both air and water based

systems

– Time switching on smaller systems than previously required, now down

to 2 kWr and 1 kWheating

– Energy reclaim for mechanical ventilation systems to conditioned spaces

– Demand control ventilation required in accordance with AS1668.2

– A required outdoor air treatment framework based on climate zone and

air volumes

– Carpark exhaust systems must have contaminant based control

– Calculated fan minimum performance operating efficiency using a

formula

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New items within the 2019 code

– direct signals from the control components responsible for the

delivery of comfort conditions

– minimum control dead band of 1°C

– balancing dampers and balancing valves that ensure the maximum

design air or fluid flow

– independently operating space of over 1000 m2 and every separate

floor of the building has provision to terminate airflow

independently

– automatic variable temperature operation of heated water and

chilled water circuits

– when deactivated, must close any motorised outdoor air and return

air damper8



J5.4 Fan systems

• ɳmin = the minimum required fan operating efficiency; and

• P = the motor input power of the fan (kW); and

• N = the minimum performance grade obtained from Table

J5.4a; and

• a = regression coefficient a, obtained from Table J5.4b;

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J5.4 Fan systems

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J5.4 Pump systems

(a) General— Pumps and pipework that form part of an air-

conditioning system must

either—

(i) separately comply with (b), (c) and (d); or

(ii) achieve a pump motor power per unit of flowrate

lower than the pump motor power per unit of flowrate

achieved when applying (b), (c) and (d) together.

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J5.7 Pump systems(b) Circulator pumps — A glandless impeller pump, with a rated hydraulic power output of less than 2.5 kW

and that is used in closed loop systems must have an energy efficiency index (EEI) not more than 0.27

calculated in accordance with European Union Commission Regulation 622/2012

(c) Other pumps — Pumps that are in accordance with Articles 1 and 2 of European Union Commission

Regulation No. 547/2012 must have a minimum efficiency index (MEI) of 0.4 or more when calculated in

accordance with European Union Commission Regulation 547/2012

(d) Pipework — Straight segments of pipework along the index run, forming part of an air-conditioning

system—

(i) In pipework systems that do not have branches and have the same flow rate throughout the

entire pipe network, must achieve an average pressure drop of not more than—

(A) for constant speed systems, the values nominated in Table J5.7a; or

(B) for variable speed systems, the values nominated in Table J5.7b; or

(ii) in any other pipework system, must achieve an average pressure drop of not more than—

(A) for constant speed systems, the values nominated in Table J5.7c; or

(B) for variable speed systems, the values nominated

able J5.7d.12


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J5.4 Pump systems

where—

• ɳmin= the minimum required pump efficiency at design duty

• Qduty = the design operating flow of the pump (m3/h); and

• Hduty = the design operating head of the pump (m); and

• a, b, c, d and e = regression coefficients, obtained from Table

J5.7a. ;

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Pump Sample Calculation

The details of the pump 39.24 m3/h (10.9 L/s) at 29.56 m of head (290 kPa)

with a 2 pole motor. These parameters meet the criteria within J5.7(c)(i), (ii)

and (iii). Therefore, the minimum pump efficiency requirements apply.

From the table 5.7a – the coefficients in the formula are:

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Pump Sample Calculation

ɳmin =

(−0.000649×39.24)+0.169×ln(9.24)+(−0.00221×29.56)+(0.00000

146×29.562+0.148

= 0.679 (67.9%)

Therefore on the pump selection curve at the operating point of the

proposed pump must be better than the above efficiency.

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outline & implications for hvac 1 volume 12019/04/10 · outline & implications for hvac prepared...

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