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Question 1 Outline

Introductory Paragraph

The impact that humankind on Earths biosphere is one of the centurys most pressing

issues (Vig !00"#$ Effects from phenomena such as e%tinction of f&ora and fauna dep&etion of the o'one

&ayer and rising sea &ee&s are fe&t across the g&obe$

) co&&ectie and mu&tinationa& effort is needed if these and other enironmenta& issues

are to be addressed effectie&y$

The *nited +ations (*+# and European *nion (E*# p&ay key ro&es as architects of

internationa& enironmenta& goernance$

These organisations shape and direct the internationa& communitys response to g&oba&

enironmenta& issues (,+ei&& !014#$

This essay -i&& discuss the main actors and instruments in the *+ and the E*

responsib&e for internationa& enironmenta& goernance$

The actors in the *+ -i&& inc&ude.

o *+ /enera& )ssemb&y

o *+ Enironment Programme (*+EP#

o *+ ommission on ustainab&e 2ee&opment (2#

The actors in the E* -i&& inc&ude.

o The European ounci& and the ounci& of inisters (The ounci

o European Enironment )gency (EE)#

o 2irectorate/enera& 5I (Enironmenta& 2irectorate#

6ody 1 (*+#

*+ /enera& )ssemb&y

o )&& member states are represented$ )&though unab&e to make binding

decisions they are ab&e to raise discuss and debate on any issue$

o )b&e to conene many g&oba& conentions -hich dra- g&oba& attention to

specific enironmenta& issues (oroos !00"#$

o onened tockho&m conference in 178! -hich estab&ished that issues such as

air po&&ution conseration of -i&d&ife and -aste be&onged to a distinct

category of 9enironmenta& issues: and must be addressed at the internationa&

&ee& (E&&is ; ormed as a resu&t of tockho&m 178! -ith mandate of specifica&&y managing

enironmenta& issues (6irnie 6oy&e ; ?edg-e&& !007#$

o @acks authority to make binding decisions or enforce treaty proisions

(,A+ei&& !014#$

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o Bo-eer respond to g&oba& enironmenta& demands Cuick&y$ Identify

enironmenta& issues faci&itate internationa& negotiations and monitor the

resu&ting agreements (Ianoa !010#$

ommission on ustainab&e 2ee&opment (2#

o Estab&ished in 177! to he&p imp&ement recommendations of the Earth ummit

particu&ar&y )genda !1 (oroos !00"#$

o 2ee&oped format that member states used in reporting steps taken to

imp&ementing recommendations of )genda !1 (oroos !00"#$

o Proided frame-ork for creation of sustainab&e dee&opment commissions in

oer 100 countries (oroos !00"#$

6ody ! (E*#

The European ounci& and the ounci& of inisters (The ounci European Enironment )gency (EE)#

2irectorate/enera& 5I (Enironmenta& 2irectorate#

Question 1 References

6irnie P$ 6oy&e )$ ; ?edg-e&& $ (!007#$International law and the environment$ (3rded$#$

,%ford. ,%ford *niersity Press$

E&&is D$ ;