outline development plan for cape wrath · outline development plan for cape wrath table of...

Outline Development Plan

for Cape Wrath

Prepared by HISEZ for

Durness Development Group

August 2013

Outline Development Plan for Cape Wrath

Table of Contents

Page No.

Executive Summary

Section 1 Introduction 5

Section 2 The Local Context 8

Section 3 Economic Impact Analysis of the Cape

Wrath Area

18

Section 4 Consultation and Findings 29

Section 5 Options Appraisal 41

Section 6 Recommendations and Next Steps

49

Appendices 54

Appendix 1 Stakeholder and Business Interview

Schedule

Appendix 2 Visitor/local Face-to-Face Survey

Appendix 3 Self-Completion Survey for Visitors

Appendix 4 Survey Monkey Survey

Appendix 5 Post-Open Day Face-to-Face Visitor

Interview Schedule

Appendix 6 Post-Open Day Face-to-Face Business

Interview Schedule

Appendix 7 Stakeholders Interviewed/Invited to Open

Day


Executive Summary

E1 Durness Development Group (DDG) commissioned a development plan study to

assess the potential for development options for Cape Wrath. The Northern Lighthouse

Board is potentially selling 45 hectares of the Cape and DDG’s application to register

an interest in purchasing this was approved in June 2013. DDG now wishes to have

viable options for development should the land be available for purchase and the

community decide to buy the land and secure the funding to do so.

E2 The study involved substantial public and stakeholder consultation. A total of 242

surveys and 31 interviews were carried out which included online, face-to-face, self-

completion and phone interviews and involved local businesses, visitors and the local

community. There was also a Public Open Day in Durness Village Hall in June 2013.

E3 Durness, in common with other remote, rural regions of Scotland, faces the dual

challenge of a declining/ageing population and limited employment opportunities.

Cape Wrath itself is a designated SSSI supporting large colonies of breeding seabirds

and is one of the best places in Britain to see plants that would normally grow much

further north. There are a number of historically significant buildings on the Cape.

E4 While the remoteness of the area can make it a challenging place to live and do

business, it is also this very fact which is the single biggest draw for visitors to the area.

64% of visitors surveyed indicated that a visit to Cape Wrath itself was an extremely or

very important factor in their decision to visit the area. Cape Wrath currently attracts

around 6,000 visitors each year and the surveys and interviews collated for this study

indicate this could manageably be increased to around 10,000 per year with

improved profile and marketing, more streamlined transport provision, a better

understanding of tourism trends – specifically the huge growth potential of natural

heritage tourism – the evolution of Cape Wrath as a distinct destination product, and

the right leadership to make it happen.

E5 Based on current visitor numbers the income generated in the Durness area as a

result of Cape Wrath is estimated to be in the region of £620,000 resulting in £140,802 of

local income supporting 5.1FTE positions in the local economy. An improved visitor

experience would have a direct and positive impact on visitor numbers and spend

providing a further and potentially significant boost for the local Durness economy.

Continued access to the Cape is critical to securing this level of economic impact.

E6 The Northern Lighthouse Board has said that ‘in principle’ it would be ‘more than

happy to work with DDG on sorting out public access to the lighthouse on the Cape’

and that, following a recent inspection there are no health and safety issues to

prevent this. Access to the lighthouse could, potentially, be the single biggest draw for

visitors.

E7 While the vast majority of respondents wanted Cape Wrath to remain unspoilt, non-

commercialised and with no new developments there were a number of issues which

were consistently raised which, if sensitively tackled and applied to the existing

infrastructure, would bring a significant improvement to the visitor experience. The

three key themes to emerge from the consultation were toilets, shelter and transport.

E8 These three issues have the potential to make the biggest impact on improving the

quality of the visitor experience. They are also considered the most viable in terms of

affordability and feasibility.


E9 An improved Cape Wrath, sensitively done and using a partnership approach,

would have a crucial role in increasing visitor numbers and bring important economic

benefits to the Durness area.


5

Section 1 Introduction 1.1 Background to the Development Plan

The Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003 makes provision for communities to register an

interest to purchase land locally in the event that at a later date that land is made

available for sale. If the community interest in the land is accepted as valid by the

Scottish Government Ministers the community’s application will be approved, and

remain valid for 5 years. Should the land become available for sale in that time, the

community will be given the first opportunity to buy the land at market value, and will

have 6 months to raise the money for the purchase. If at that stage the community no

longer wishes to buy the land, or is unable to raise the funds to do so, the land can then

be offered for sale on the open market.

Durness Development Group Ltd (DDG) sees the Cape Wrath area of the parish as

being critical to the future sustainability of the wider Durness parish. It is an area of

outstanding natural beauty and a key tourist attraction in the region. Cape Wrath is

currently owned by a number of different bodies/individuals, including the Ministry of

Defence (MoD), the Northern Lighthouse Board (NLB), Highland Council, a consortium

of local crofters, and various individuals. NLB had intimated that they were considering

selling 45 hectares of their land. Accordingly, DDG registered an application under the

Act, which was approved in 2006. In 2010 DDG applied to renew their interest, but due

to an administrative error their approval from 2006 lapsed without being renewed, and

a new application had to be submitted. In the meantime, the NLB had been in

discussion with the MoD about selling the land, and so initially DDG’s application to

register an interest in the land was subject to provisions under Section 39 of the Act.

Part way through the preparation of this Development Plan, the MoD withdrew their

offer to purchase the land. DDG’s application was finally approved on the 13th June

2013. Map 1 overleaf shows the area that is under consideration and the subject of this

Development Plan.

The purpose of the Development Plan is to provide guidance to DDG on how the area

at Cape Wrath should be developed, should they ultimately purchase the land. The

Plan will illustrate what DDG may do with the land and buildings and how they might

ensure the long term sustainability of the land. DDG recognises that there are a lot of

competing interests in the land, and this document attempts to bring together the

views of the community, visitors to the area, and relevant stakeholders, and set a

blueprint for the future development and management of Cape Wrath.

The work undertaken to produce the Development Plan was funded by a BIG Lottery

grant. Part of the funding received was to cover the involvement and mentoring of

young people in the Durness community in carrying out the work. A number of young

people came forward to take part in the Plan preparation, with four individuals

ultimately becoming involved in the work. Largely due to timing and other school

commitments, their involvement was limited to being part of the team at the

Community Open day, and then subsequently drafting, piloting, conducting and

analysing two questionnaires after the Open day. The mentoring element of the


6

project was important, as Durness Development Group were keen to have the skills and

capacity of people within the community enhanced as a consequence of the Plan

preparation.

HISEZ CIC would like to express their thanks to the four young people, Christopher and

Lewis Arrowsmith, Sophie Macleod and Joe Turtle who gave their time to help with this

study.


7

Map 1 Area of Land in Which an Interest has been Lodged and Approved


8

Section 2 The Local Context

This section provides some background information on the socio-economic profile of

the Durness area, as well as some background on the natural and physical environment

of Cape Wrath, and access restrictions to Cape Wrath.

2.1 Socio-Economic Profile

Although this Development Plan is for Cape Wrath, due to the nature of the area it is

the socio-economic profile of Durness and its surrounding area that is of relevance, as

there are very few people resident on Cape Wrath itself. Statistical information is not

available at the level of the parish of Durness, and so the socio-economic context

given below relates to a number of different geographies which are the best

approximation for the parish as possible1. Map 2 overleaf shows the different

geographies referred to. The Durness datazone is the closest geography to the parish,

though it extends slightly beyond it, and so figures for the datazone will largely be the

same for the parish.

2.1.1 Population Past, Present and Future

Durness sits in the North, West and Central Sutherland Ward, which is a sparsely

populated area, with 1.1 people per hectare (pph) in 2001. This compares with a

population density of 8.4pph in Highland, and 67.4pph in Scotland as a whole.

The 2011 population of the Durness datazone was 477, representing a drop in

population of almost 6% since the 2001 Census. Projections for the future from Highland

Council2 suggest that from 2010 to 2035, the population for Sutherland as a whole will

decline by 5%. Given that the decline in Durness has been similar to that in Sutherland

as a whole in the past, it would be reasonable to assume a similar projected decline for

the Durness area over the same period. These are, however, only projections, and they

are based on historical patterns of population change and birth and death rates. They

are not forecasts of change, based on an assessment of the impact of interventions

such as those being pursued through HIE’s Community Account Management etc.

The trend for Sutherland as a whole is one of a declining and ageing population. In

relation to age groups, the change in population has impacted differently on different

groups in Durness, as illustrated in Table 1 below. There has been a slight increase in the

0-15 yrs population between 2001 and 2011 of 2.4%, although due to the small numbers

involved this figure should be treated with an element of caution. There was a

considerable drop (-20.9%) in population aged 16-44, and a smaller drop in those aged

over 75 yrs. The school roll forecasts for Durness Primary show a forecast

1 All the information in this section is taken from information on Highland Council’s website or the Scottish Neighbourhood Statistics website 2 Highland Council Planning and Development Service Policy and Information Briefing Note No52, Population Projections for Council Areas 2010-2035


9

Map 2 Durness Datazone and Community Council Map


10

decline from 22 in the 2012/13 academic year, to 13 by 2026/7. While these figures may

look discouraging, it is important to remember that a small change can make a big

difference, as evidenced by the recent in-migration of 3 families (including several

children) on the back of the Cape Wrath Challenge.

Table 1 Population Change by Age (Datazone)

Age group 2001 2011 % change

0-15 89 91 +2.4

16-44 153 121 -20.9

45-64 147 153 +4.1

65-74 56 59 +5.3

75+ 61 53 -13.1

TOTAL 506 477 -5.7

Compared to Scotland, the Durness datazone had a slightly higher proportion of

children (19% compared to 17%), and a significantly higher proportion of people of

pensionable age (26% compared to 20%), in 2011. The proportion of the population in

Durness who were of working age, however, was considerably lower than for Scotland

(55% as opposed to 63%).

2.1.2 Housing and Households

In 2011 there were 230 households in Durness datazone. Just over 16% of these were

living in private rented accommodation, which is double the figure for Scotland (8%).

Levels of owner occupation were not dissimilar, with 66% in Durness in this tenure

compared with 63% in Scotland as a whole. The social rented sector is less prevalent in

Durness, at 17%, compared to Scotland (29%). This pattern of tenure would suggest

there may be more issues around fuel poverty and poorer quality housing, as these

tend to be more common in the private rented sector. Price figures for house sales in

2011 indicate that the cost of buying is significantly lower in Durness (average £67,464)

than in Scotland (average £75,250), and lower than it is for the North, West and Central

Sutherland Ward as a whole. This disparity with the Ward could be due to a small

number of sales in one year distorting the figures, however.

In the NW&C Sutherland Ward in 2001, just under 5% of properties were empty, 18%

were holiday homes, and the remaining 77% were occupied. Table 2 below shows how

these figures compare to Scotland. The relatively high proportion of housing used as

holiday homes on the one hand shows the significance of tourism to the local

economy, but on the other it may have implications for local people looking for

housing, or the potential to attract new people to the area. A high preponderance of

holiday homes can have the effect of driving up prices and thus making housing less

affordable. While the house price figures above would suggest this is not the case,

accessibility to housing may still be an issue. While almost 5% of houses are vacant, it is

not possible to say from available sources what condition these houses are in and how

quickly and easily they could be put to use.


11

Table 2 Housing in NW&C Sutherland, Highland and Scotland, 2001

Homes NW&C Sutherland

%

Highland

%

Scotland

%

Vacant 4.8 4.0 3.8

Occupied 76.9 89.8 94.9

Holiday homes 18.3 6.2 1.3

2.1.3 Employment and Economic Activity

In 2011, of those aged 16-24 in the Durness datazone, 13% were claiming Job Seekers

Allowance (JSA). This compares with 6% for Scotland as a whole. Of those aged 25-49,

however, nobody in Durness was claiming JSA, whilst in Scotland the figure was 4%. For

those aged 50yrs to pensionable age, almost 5% were claiming JSA in Durness

compared to just over 3% in Scotland.

Employment in the North, West and Central Sutherland Ward is very reliant on

employment sectors that relate to a land-based and tourism economy, as illustrated in

Table 3 below. The table shows that the main employment sector was tourism related,

with almost one fifth of people working in accommodation and food service provision.

This was significantly higher than for Highland as a whole, and more than double the

position in Scotland. Similarly, almost 10% of people were employed in agriculture,

forestry and fishing, which is more than three times the proportion in Scotland. The

economic significance of the MoD presence on Cape Wrath is illustrated by the higher

than Scottish average levels of employment in Public administration and defence (9%

compared to 6%). Conversely, employment sectors relating to manufacturing, business

and professional services were significantly under-represented in the Ward, compared

to both Highland and Scotland.

Table 3 Employment by Sector (2011)3

Sector NW&C S Ward

%

Highland % Scotland

%

Accommodation & Food Services 18.8 11.6 7.1

Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing 9.6 1.6 2.6

Public admin and defence 9.0 5.6 6.0

Business, admin & support services 3.0 5.4 7.4

Manufacturing 3.1 6.5 7.5

Professional, scientific & technical 1.4 4.7 6.3

Finance and insurance 0.3 1.1 3.5

These figures illustrate the importance of the land for the local economy – whether that

is in relation to exploiting the natural beauty of the physical environment through

3 Business Register and Employment Survey 2011


12

tourism, or for agriculture and fishing. The economy is largely dependent on tourism

and any changes to the local environment could have a dramatic effect on tourism

numbers and therefore the local economy.

2.1.4 Accessibility

Durness is a remote rural community, being 2.5 hours from Inverness, the main centre in

Highland. While there are some services provided locally such as a GP surgery,

accessibility to other services is more restricted.

There are several small food shops locally, and a Post Office, but using data from

Highland Council’s Planning and Development Service the estimated drive time to a

supermarket is 60.4 minutes. Going by public transport to a shopping centre is

estimated to take 82.5 minutes. Consequently, car ownership levels are higher than the

national average, as illustrated in Table 4 below.

Table 4 Car Ownership (2001)

Car ownership NW&C Sutherland

ward %

Highland

%

Scotland

%

No car 21.4 25.1 34.2

1 car 45.5 49.2 43.4

2 cars or more 33.1 25.7 22.4

2.2 The Natural and Built Environment

‘This is a gem of Scottish/British culture, history and nature. It should be

protected for the public as a first priority.’ (visitor, USA)

Cape Wrath is an area of outstanding natural beauty, with many unique features in

both the natural and built environment. The fascination of visitors to the area is based

on a combination of both of these elements. Cape Wrath is one of only two places in

Great Britain that are prefixed with Cape, the other being Cape Cornwall in Cornwall.

It also has historic significance, with its name being derived from the Norse for ‘turning

point’ – this used to be the point at which Vikings are believed to have turned their

ships, and as such it was an important navigation point at that time.

2.2.1 Sutherland Local Plan

The Highland Council’s Local Plan for Sutherland, the Sutherland Local Plan,4 has the

long term vision that North and West coast communities (particularly Durness and

Scourie) are reinforced as local and visitor focal points on the A838. The Plan also states

that there are areas of outstanding Heritage that should be safe in the custody of local

people, offering a superlative visitor experience.

4 Sutherland Local Plan, written statement (as continued in Force) (April 2012, The Highland Council)


13

The Plan goes on to say that there should be marketing of low impact specialist pursuits,

ecotourism and field activities in the North West Highland Geopark, underpinned by its

endorsement by UNESCO. Additionally, it states that across Sutherland, there should be

enhanced interpretation of heritage assets and promotion of heritage trails that respect

the need to safeguard the asset.

2.2.2 The Natural Environment

Cape Wrath covers 277 square kilometres of moorland wilderness know as the Parph.

While much of the Cape is owned by the MoD, an area of 2,520 acres have been

designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) and a Special Protection Area

(SPA). A further 2, 510 acres have been designated a Special Area of Conservation.

Scottish Natural Heritage’s SSSI Citation states that ‘the site is designated for the

nationally important alpine heath and internationally important maritime cliff

vegetation and populations of breeding seabirds’. Key features include:

• Cape Wrath SSSI is one of the best places in Britain to find rare plants that normally

grow much further north or at much higher altitudes, such as Primula scotica.

• The cliffs of Cape Wrath have a range of coastal habitats including ungrazed

ledges, maritime heath and maritime grassland.

• At 210m Clo Mor is the highest sea cliff on the British mainland and supports a

large colony of more than 50,000 breeding seabirds including large colonies of

kittiwake, guillemot, razorbill and fulmar. There are also smaller numbers of shag,


14

black guillemot, herring gull, skuas and great black-backed gull. Puffins nest in

burrows on cliff tops.

• The site also has a range of birds typical of upland and montane habitats such as

red-throated diver, golden eagle and ptarmigan.

The MoD owns almost the entire SSSI site. Much of the area is used for training both by

UK armed forces and by NATO Joint Military Command for ‘Joint Warrior’ exercises. The

range is not in use throughout the year and there is usually a reduction in military

activity to coincide with the lambing season. In the last two years, however, the spring

Joint Warrior exercises were held over the lambing period, the date being set by NATO

rather than the MoD. SNH reports that operations do, however, take place during the

bird breeding season even though the MoD has been advised by SNH against this.

The richness of the natural environment and its remote location are a major pull for

visitors. A constant theme in the surveys collated for this development plan was the

deep appreciation for the area’s wildness combined with a desire that, whatever

improvements may take place, this wildness is preserved.

2.2.3 The Built Environment

The area of land that is the subject of the community right-to-buy is located at the end

of Cape Wrath. In order to reach the land in question it is necessary to drive 11 miles

along a single track road. Upon arrival at the end of the Cape, there are a number of

buildings of significance. Together these buildings are of great historical value and

have the potential to tell an important story about shipping and communications. They

are of national and regional interest and are part of what attracts many people to visit

the Cape. Because of this, there is considerable potential to make more of the

buildings, although in order to do this there is a need in some cases to restore the

buildings to something approximating their original state.

2.2.4 The Lighthouse

The main building of interest for most visitors is the lighthouse itself. The lighthouse was

built in 1828 by Robert Stevenson, and it and the associated keepers’ cottages are

Grade A listed buildings5. Although the lighthouse is not on land that might be

available for the community to purchase, it is immediately adjacent to the land, and it

is of considerable interest for visitors. The lighthouse was originally manned by

lighthouse keepers, whose families lived at the Cape.

5 Grade A listed buildings are buildings of national or international importance, either architectural or historic, or fine little-altered examples of some particular period, style or building type.


15

The lighthouse keeper cottages are also still present today. The lighthouse is still

operational, having been changed to automatic operation in 1998. Access to the

lighthouse is not currently possible for visitors, but there is considerable potential to open

the lighthouse up for visits without impeding on its operation. How this would work in

practice, based on discussions with NLB, is detailed in Section 4 of this plan. There is an

interesting story to be told about life on the Cape for the lighthouse keeper families,

and much material is still held in other museums (most notably at the Museum of

Scottish Lighthouses in Fraserburgh). While the lighthouse is well maintained, some of

the former keepers’ cottages are less so.

2.2.5 Lloyd’s Signal Station Complex

In addition to the lighthouse there is a former Lloyds Signal Station, including the

Admiralty and Lloyds Signal Hut, cottages and outbuilding which are also listed,

although these buildings only have a Grade B listing6. These buildings are on the land

that may be available for purchase by the community. The complex of buildings was

established by Lloyd's of London Marine and Commercial Insurers sometime between

1894 and 1903, with a small store being added around 1930. The buildings are in

varying states of disrepair, with most of them now roofless, with no interior features

remaining, although they are largely in their original form.

6 Grade B listed buildings are Buildings of regional or more than local importance, or major examples of some particular period, style or building type which may have been altered. All listed buildings receive equal legal protection, and protection applies equally to the interior and exterior of all listed buildings regardless of category.


16

The cluster of buildings is one of very few surviving such complexes across Britain's

coastline. They were established during the early years of radio, ship to shore, and

eventually global communications, and as such they form a significant grouping of

communication buildings. The site shows the importance of Lloyd's of London in

shipping and ship insurance underwriting history in Britain. The signal stations gave

notice of vessels in distress and requiring assistance, of the state of the wind and

weather, and reported to owners and other bodies interested in shipping of all passing

vessels that made their names known to the station. This made Lloyd's the recognised

clearing house for global shipping intelligence, and by 1891 there were 40 stations in

the UK and 118 abroad, either controlled by or affiliated to Lloyd's.

The station was closed in 1932, although in the summer of 1939 the former Lloyd's

buildings were reactivated as an observation post, listening station and signal station

until a permanent listening and radar installation was established in Durness in 1943.

2.2.6 The Engine Building, Dyke and Road

The area covered by the potential community right-to-buy includes a small section of

land that would be excluded from the sale, as it is owned by Highland Council. A

former engine building is sited on the land. The building is currently leased by Highland

Council to the proprietors of the Ozone Café, which operates from the middle third

section of the building. There are some interpretation panels in the café, providing

information on Stevenson and the lighthouse. The owners have converted an

additional third of the building into living accommodation, and the remaining third is

not currently in use. Although not part of the land under consideration, the existence of

the café is of importance for people visiting the Cape. The building is leased on a 25

year lease, for a peppercorn rent, with 9 years remaining. The café proprietors have

carried out all renovation and maintenance work themselves at their own expense.


17

There is a stone dyke that runs through the land in question for a significant distance.

While this dyke is largely intact, large sections are in need of repair, and others have

collapsed due to subsidence and are in need of more urgent attention.

As previously stated, access to the end of the Cape is via an eleven mile long single

track road. This is an adopted road, and as such maintenance is the responsibility of

Highland Council. The road is in fairly poor condition, although regular, but limited

maintenance is carried out. There are a number of bridges on the road which are

checked for safety on a regular basis, and maintained as required. In spite of this, it is a

fairly rough journey across the eleven miles, and it takes around 45 minutes to complete

the trip one-way. The poor condition of the road is liable to cause damage to the

springs and suspension of the vehicles travelling on it. This leads to the bus operator

carrying out some minor repairs to the road in order to limit the damage caused, and

also means that older, less comfortable, buses are used. A more comfortable, though

more expensive solution, might be to use more rugged vehicles.

2.3 Access Restrictions

Due to the MoD presence on a large part of the area at Cape Wrath there are regular

restrictions to public access due to military exercises taking place. These exercises are

largely confined to two fortnights a year, one in spring and one in early autumn, with

the occasional period of restricted access outwith these times. As noted above, the

MoD are interested in purchasing the NLB land at the Cape, and it is likely that if they

were successful in doing so, there would be more frequent periods of limited public

access to the Cape. The MoD have stated that they would not preclude public access

should they purchase the land, but there would almost certainly be an increase in the

number of days when public access was prohibited.

2.4 Conclusions

Cape Wrath is located in a remote rural area of North West Scotland. The communities

around the Cape are fairly fragile, and have seen considerable decline in population

over the last century.

Tourism is a key sector for the area, and Cape Wrath is an important draw for many

people coming to visit. The Cape also has economic significance in terms of the MoD

presence on the Cape, as this provides employment as well as direct spend in the

community.

There are a number of agencies and bodies which have an interest in the land at Cape

Wrath. Moving forward it is important that communication between these bodies is

improved, and partnership maximised to the benefit of all.

The Cape is a recognised area of outstanding natural beauty, and this is part of its

appeal. It also has considerable historical significance. Together these factors open up

a wealth of opportunity for attracting people to the area.


18

Section 3 Economic Impact Analysis of the Cape Wrath Area

3.1 Introduction

Tourism and crofting is the mainstay of remote communities like Durness with the latest

full year figures (2011) showing overnight tourism in the Caithness & Sutherland area as

being worth £89.85m7.

Despite its remoteness Durness is a popular centre for tourists exploring the North West of

Sutherland and many tourists specifically come to the area to visit the world renowned

Cape Wrath. Out of the many visitors who responded to our survey 64% reported that it

was an extremely or very important factor in their decision to come to the area.

Cape Wrath attracts approximately 6,000 visitors to the Durness area every year with

visitor numbers steadily growing. It has been estimated by local businesses that visitor

numbers could manageably be increased to around 10,000 with improved marketing

and better service provision.

3.2 Economic Benefit

The principle aim of this part of the study was to establish an estimate of the current

economic contribution of Cape Wrath to the economy of the wider Durness parish

area. In order to do this we:

Gathered information from the three local businesses most affected by tourist

numbers to Cape Wrath;

Conducted visitor surveys – reasons for coming to the area, length of stay,

expenditure (see appendices); and

Carried out a local business survey – in order to identify whether or not there is an

increase in business as a direct result of tourists visiting Cape Wrath.

Before moving onto the analysis it must be borne in mind that any economic impact

models can only produce indicative estimates for the value and economic benefits of

tourism to a local area and not absolute values.

The analysis also does not constitute a full economic impact assessment as this was

outside the scope and timescale of this project. However, it does indicate the possible

contribution Cape Wrath makes to the Durness area. It should be borne in mind that

the levels of economic impact given below, both estimated current and projected

impacts, are dependent on at least the current level of public access to the Cape

being maintained. If public access was more restricted in the future, this would likely

reduce the economic impact that Cape tourism would have on the Durness area.

7 Highland Council, Tourism in Caithness and Sutherland Report Feb 2013


19

Table 5 Income Generated Through Tourism at Cape Wrath (based on 6,000 visitors/yr)

Income Source Income

Mini bus (estimated 2012 turnover figures) £72,000

Ferry average cost of £5.50 (see table 6 for calculation) £33,000

Ozone café (estimated 2012 turnover figures) £30,000

Accommodation (based on 3,000 people staying an average of 3 nights

at £30 per person per night)

£270,000

Other (estimated at £33 per person) £198,000

Cape Wrath Challenge (estimated 2012 turnover figures)* £17,000

Total £620,000

* Cape Wrath Challenge is not a business, but a community run social enterprise

3.3 Assumptions

Since Cape Wrath is inaccessible by direct road and to reach it without walking in you

must take a passenger ferry, successfully making the trip is very dependent on the

weather. Local B&Bs and hotels have confirmed an increase in their occupancy rates

as a direct result of tourists visiting Cape Wrath.

Accommodation providers interviewed estimated that around 60% of their customers

had come to the area specifically to visit Cape Wrath or if Cape Wrath wasn’t the main

reason for coming to the area they still intended to make it part of their trip. This is

supported by the visitor surveys we carried out which showed that 78% of people said

that Cape Wrath was a main reason for coming to the area.

There is also anecdotal evidence from local B&B and hotel owners that visiting Cape

Wrath encourages visitors to extend their stay and that most visitors will choose to stay in

Durness for at least 1 night with many opting to stay for more. The average number of

nights stay from our survey was 3 nights.

Cape Wrath is always part of my visit and an important factor. But the Durness

community and their hospitality also contribute a great deal to making every

visit remarkable! (Visitor)

Taking this into account the figures in Table 5 above are based on an estimated 6,000

visitors to Cape Wrath with a conservative estimate of 3,000 visitors staying 3 nights in a

local B&B. An average of £30 per person per night has been used, however from our

visitor survey accommodation costs varied from £10.50 a night to £80 per night per

person.

The table also includes estimated turnover figures given by the owners of two out of the

three businesses directly involved with trips to Cape Wrath. However, it is important to

note that the turnover figures for the ferry service were unavailable at the time of the

study and for that reason only a rough estimate has been included using the average

figure calculated in Table 6 below.


20

Table 6 Costs of Cape Wrath Transport

Ferry Charges Bus Fares

Adult Return £6.00 Adult return £10

Adult Single £4.00 Adult single £6

Child £4.00 Child return £6

Cyclist £8.00 N/A

Average price £5.50 Average price £7.33

The 2012 turnover figure for the Cape Wrath Challenge (a community run social

enterprise) has also been included in the total figure as speaking to runners taking part

in this year’s challenge Cape Wrath is the main draw for many people competing in

the week long races.

Finally, as many visitors also visit attractions such as the gift shops, the tourist information

centre, arts and craft shops as well as the fuel station, a further estimate of £33 per

person per day has been included (Source: Visit Scotland - Spend per tourism day trip

varied by country visited with an average of £33 across the UK and similarly in

Scotland8).

3.4 Scottish Tourism Multiplier Study9

Direct spending by visitors has a positive impact on local business profitability and

employment growth. The money that is then circulated and re-spent in the economy is

often referred to as indirect spending or the multiplier effect.

The most comprehensive set of tourism multipliers available for Scotland was developed

by Surrey Research Group (1992) for Highlands and Islands Enterprise, Scottish Enterprise,

the Scottish Tourist Board and the Scottish Office Industry Department. This study

involved a detailed survey of tourism and related businesses in different local

economies in Scotland, to assess the value of direct, indirect and induced expenditure,

and income and employment multipliers10. These were used to calculate models for

three main types of area - Urban, Rural and Remote Rural.

8 Great Britain Day Trip Survey 2012 9 STMS results, are still used in many studies simply because a similarly comprehensive study has not been undertaken since. It is possible that the significance of the multiplier effect could have changed since the study was undertaken 10 The concept of the multiplier is based on recognition that the various sectors within an economy are interdependent. This means that each sector purchases goods and services produced by other sectors within the local economy.


21

Table 7 Scottish Tourism Multipliers - Including Direct, Indirect and Induced Effects11

Income multiplier – local

income per £1 of visitor

expenditure

Employment multiplier:

expenditure to support 1

FTE job (1992 prices)

Urban £0.3142 £27,548

Rural £0.3256 £29,240

Remote rural £0.2271 £27,548

The figures indicate that each £1 of visitor spending was estimated to support between

£0.23 and £0.33 of local income (wages, salaries, profits and rents). Visitor expenditure

of between £27,548 and £29,240 was required to support 1 FTE job (including direct,

indirect and induced effects, with all figures in 1992 prices).

As Durness is a remote and rural area the income multiplier of £0.2271 is applicable,

therefore an estimated total of £620,000 visitor expenditure as a result of Cape Wrath

would result in an additional £140,802 of local income. This local income would then be

estimated to support an additional 5.1FTE positions in the local economy. These are

indicative rather than specific figures. However, in an area like Durness this figure is not

insignificant.

Displacement caused by visitor spending in an area is very difficult to estimate and

therefore has not been included in the analysis above.

However, these figures do provide a useful ball-park estimate of the current value of

Cape Wrath to the area and if the proposed developments encourage additional

visitors to Cape Wrath, this in turn would increase the amount of local income and

number of employment positions in the local economy.

3.5 Importance of Visitor Expenditure Flows

The economic impact of the visitor expenditure spreads into many other sectors. These

other sector include arts and crafts, food and drink, culture, retail and sport. This

interrelationship of visitor spend and services is explained in the following diagram.

11 As a result of the direct and indirect effects the level of household income throughout the economy will increase as a result of increased employment. A proportion of this increased income will be re-spent on final goods and services: this is the induced effect. (Scottish Government)


22

Diagram 1: Impact of the Visitor Economy12

Visitor expenditure affects businesses, employees, the self-employed, local authorities

and government because spending in one local business gets passed on to other local

businesses and also ends up, in part, as taxes. However, inevitably, some of this

expenditure will "leak" out of the area due to spending in non-local shops and/or on

non-local products.

Although there is leakage outside the area at every stage of the spending model, the

key to local economic success, and a foundation for sustainable tourism, is retaining as

much expenditure in the area as possible.

Therefore it is well worth encouraging the tourism industry in Durness to buy locally-

produced goods and services to maximise spending retention and economic impact in

an area. There is also significant growth potential for rural tourism if day visits can be

converted to overnight stays and overnight stays can be converted into longer stays.

3.6 Impact of Tourism

Protecting and preserving the landscape and wildlife, while at the same time letting

people visit and enjoy the area can sometimes conflict. Tourism is one of the biggest

12 Source: VisitScotland


23

challenges to areas as tourists have both positive and negative impacts on the

landscape and local communities:

Positive impacts of tourism:

Jobs for local people

Income for the local economy

Helps preserve rural services like buses, village shops and post offices

Increased demand for local food and crafts

Tourists mainly come to see the scenery and wildlife, so there is pressure to

conserve habitats and wildlife

Negative impacts of tourism:

Damage to the landscape: litter, erosion, fires, disturbance to livestock,

vandalism

Traffic congestion and pollution

Local goods can become expensive because tourists will pay more

Shops stock products for tourists and not everyday goods needed by locals

Demand for holiday homes makes housing too expensive for local people

Demand for development of more shops and hotels

Jobs are mainly seasonal, low paid with long hours

The benefits of tourism to the area can only be sustainable if it is carefully managed so

that potential negative effects on the area and the environment are not permitted to

outweigh the financial benefits.

3.7 The Local Importance of Tourism

Attracting tourists to remote coastal areas such as Cape Wrath displaces tourism into

economically peripheral zones providing one of the very few opportunities to bring

additional revenue to such areas.

Tourism does not only have a key economic role to play in Scotland’s most remote and

fragile areas, the sector is also vital to help sustain socially important local services,

contributing to help transport links, shops and petrol stations to remain open.

The Employment by Sector (2011) table in section 2.1.3 illustrates the significance of

tourism to the local economy with accommodation and food services accounting for

18.8% of employment, compared to only 11.6% of employment in Highland and 7.1% in

the rest of Scotland.

The tourism sector is characterised by high levels of part-time employment and also

seasonality, particularly in rural areas. Within the tourism-related sector 50% of the

workforce is part-time compared to 37% within the Scottish services sector and

compared to 32% in Scotland as a whole13.

Tourism can also contribute to the conservation and enhancement of the natural and

built environment of Cape Wrath. This is not always a direct contribution but should be

13 Annual Business Inquiry 2007- ABI 1- Employment


24

recognised by those investing in the environment that the conservation of these areas is

important to the visitor economy.

Along with this, having access rights into these landscapes are highly valued and

create assets for the visitor economy. Extensive investment has been made in a range

of multi-purpose routes establishing Scotland’s Great Trails, the most recent being the

Cape Wrath Trail. These provide opportunities for longer stays to be built around the

local countryside.

In recent years, a thriving wildlife tourism industry has established itself in areas around

Scotland which presents opportunities for Durness to capitalise on the dramatic coastal

scenery and wildlife/birdlife on Cape Wrath.

3.8 Overview of Current Market Conditions

Although HIE’s A Framework for Destination Development14 focused on North

Sutherland, the demand in Durness will be similar in that it is primarily from leisure tourists

visiting the area, mainly in the peak summer season.

The overnight sectors are added to by the day visitor market (Scottish residents) which

unlike other parts of Scotland is limited in terms of the numbers entering the geography

of the area as it is distant from any major centres of population / generating sources /

conurbations. This challenge of remoteness and peripherality is one that the sector

needs to combat as it curtails demand from certain markets. However, tourists passing

through the area en route elsewhere, or entering from neighbouring areas for a day trip

whilst on holiday, are evident. In the main leisure demand peaks during the summer

months.

The area attracts a domestic Scottish market on short breaks and main holidays,

including some young families and middle and older age profiles, independents and

couples.

3.8.1 Destination Key Strengths

The study conducted by HIE suggested the following factors as affecting growth in the

area and the findings of our visitor survey support this. The strengths, weaknesses, issues

negatively affecting growth potential, particularly relevant to the Durness area, are

presented below.

Strengths

Remote / Quiet / Tranquil / Mysterious / Wilderness / Seclusion

Located within ‘Highlands’ - A Recognised Destination

Land & Seascapes / Coast

Diversity of Wildlife

14 Highlands and Islands Enterprise, A Framework for Destination Development, Ambitious for Tourism Caithness and North Sutherland, Strategic Summary, April 2011


25

Geology / Geopark

Weaknesses

Remoteness / Accessibility

Parochialism / Distrust / In-Fighting

Links, Communications, Structure to Deliver a Cohesive Competent Destination

are Lacking

3.9 Importance of Natural Heritage

As illustrated by a wide range of reports, a very high proportion of visitors to Scotland

appreciate being somewhere with distinctive and special natural features –

somewhere dramatic and enduring – i.e. values associated with the nation’s natural

heritage.

Without a natural heritage that is appealing to visitors, it is clear from visitor survey data

that Scotland would have fewer tourist visitors from outside the country than it currently

enjoys.

The importance of Scotland’s natural heritage to its tourism is demonstrated by the

Visitor Experience 2008 survey which showed that 90% and 65% respectively of visitors

stated that scenery and nature/wildlife were an important or very important factor

when choosing Scotland as a holiday destination (Harris Interactive, 2008). A 2005 poll

of 60,000 booking enquiries through the online travel agency responsibletravel.com

ranked Scotland as the top European eco-destination and ninth in the world (Kelbie,

2007).

By way of comparison to scenery and wildlife, the Harris Interactive survey (2008)

recorded culture and history to be an important or very important factor for 70% and

67% of visitors respectively.

Anecdotal evidence also suggests that people who chose to visit areas in the

Highlands and Islands because of its wildlife tend to be educated and affluent -

precisely the market segment which will bring most economic benefit.

With its towering sea cliffs, abundance of seabirds, marine wildlife and historic

lighthouse buildings Cape Wrath not only boasts natural, cultural and historical

significance it is also remote enough that getting there will give you a sense of

achievement but also great for the not-too-intrepid adventurers and people who like to

do things that are a bit different.

‘It was the reason we came. We have driven 500 miles just to visit the

Cape’ (Visitor, Wigan)

Cape Wrath attracts visitors from all over the world and has recently been announced

as the finish point for the newly formed Scottish National Trail. Presently Up to 30,000

people complete the West Highland Way each year with 60,000 other people walking


26

a part of it. Similar numbers could be expected for the Scottish National Trail which goes

all the way to Cape Wrath. In January 2013, CNN named Scotland and the Scottish

National Trail as one of the hot travel destinations for 2013.

‘It’s the finest area for wilderness walking in Britain’ (visitor, England)

3.10 Future Market Opportunities

Future market opportunities fall into a number of different categories, many already

evidenced in the area. However, of note for Caithness and Sutherland are the trends

which indicate that the leisure markets are moving towards buying ‘experiences’ and

‘authenticity’, and this will influence the choice of destination in the future15. This factor

presents opportunities for Cape Wrath given its strengths in terms of extremes of

environment and its culture and heritage. A number of sources of demand are

anticipated in the future16. (Demand will include individual travellers and those

travelling in parties / family groups / tour groups, etc). These are detailed below.

Domestic Leisure Tourists

In the main it is anticipated domestic leisure tourism will come from Scotland as well as

English regions mirroring the markets targeted by Visit Scotland:

English Domestic

Affluent Southern Explorers

Younger Domestic Explorers

Mature Devotees

Affluent Active Devotees

Scotland

Short Breaks and main holidays from various Scottish locations

Short breaks from within the Highland region also an important source

Overseas Leisure Tourists

Traditional International Markets (Tourists from traditional / mature generating

countries for Scotland i.e. US, Western Europe etc.)

New International Markets (to a lesser extent) (Emerging markets – Eastern

Europe, Far East / Asia to a much lesser extent in the immediate future though

the End to Enders are evident in this sector)

A recent YouGov survey predicts that over the next three years we will see:

A 70% increase in participation in adventure travel

A doubling of participation in either activity, ‘off the beaten track’ or special

interest holidays

A trebling in the number of people taking either an adventure, eco-friendly,

ethical or ‘discovery’ holiday

15 HIE Strategic Summary April 2011 16 VisitScotland Segmentation Analysis


27

3.10.1 Comparisons with Other Tourist Attractions

It was felt that a useful exercise would be to look at other similar attractions across

Scotland in order to compare visitor numbers. The table below presents the findings.

Table 8 Visitor Attractions – Comparisons

Attraction Location Visitor numbers Additional Comments

Smoo Cave Durness 43,000 people a

year

There were only 3 days last

year where there were no

visitors. The boat tour costs

£4 per person.

Ben Nevis Glen Nevis

Fort William

400,000 people

a year visit and

approximately

110,000 climb

the Ben

Similar to Cape Wrath in

that it is a SSI.

Dunnet Head Caithness Recent figures

from the RSPB

suggest that

approx 40,000

visitor’s visit

between April

and Sept each

year

Mainland Britain’s most

northernmost point and

home to thousands of

guillemots and puffins. Also

boasts a Robertson

Stevenson lighthouse.

RSPB Nature Reserve which

helps boost tourist numbers.

Ardnamurchan Point Ardnamurchan Approx. 18,000 –

20,000 visitors

per annum and

approx. 5,000

people go up

the tower.

Charges are £3

for the exhibition

and £6 to go up

the tower

The most westerly point on

the British mainland.

Lighthouse designed by

Robert Stevenson, now

automated. There has been

access to the tower since

2004.

£35,000 turnover in the café

Craft shop - £27,000 in

souvenir sales

Ticket sales - £24,000

(Contact: Adnamurchan

Lighthouse Trust)

St Abb's Head Eyemouth

Scottish Borders

45,000 – 50,000

visitors per

annum.

National Nature Reserve. St

Abb’s Head is only 4 miles

from the A1 so it is not

remote like Cape Wrath.

Isle of May Fife Approx 9,000

visitors per

annum

Similar to Cape Wrath in

that visitors need to get a

ferry to get to their

destination. Hold regular

Open Days which are

always fully subscribed.


28

3.11 Conclusions

The ‘destination experience’ within the study area needs to aim at better satisfying

existing markets (exceeding expectations) and attracting new markets in future by

providing what they want in the form of both attractors and support services /

infrastructure.

Issues were identified that if tackled could lead to an improved visitor experience and

more sustainable and profitable operations.

The main aim is to entice more visitors to the area; encourage them to stay longer and

get them to spend more during their stay - increasing their level of secondary spend

whilst on site.

Improving the visitor experience could easily see the numbers of visitors to Cape Wrath

increasing from the current estimated 6,000 to at least 10,000. This number is not

unrealistic and could even be seen to be under-ambitious.

The current economic impact of Cape Wrath for the Durness area as a consequence

of tourism, is estimated to be in the region of £620,000 with a further estimated £140,802

impact due to the multiplier effect. In terms of employment, Cape Wrath tourism

creates an estimated additional 5.1 FTE posts in the area. These impact levels are

dependent on the same level of public access that is currently enjoyed at the Cape –

a future reduction in public access would reduce these economic impacts.


29

Section 4 Consultation and Findings

‘It is a unique feature in this area. Development will have to be done VERY

carefully and thoughtfully, if at all.’ (visitor, Sheffield)

4.1 Methodology

A number of strands of consultation were undertaken as part of the preparation of this

Development Plan. The methods of consultation and evidence gathering used are

detailed below, and can be summarised as:

Desk research

Stakeholder interviews

Local and Visitor interviews (face-to-face)

Visitor survey (self-completion)

Local and Visitor On-line Survey

Public Open Day - Drop-in session

Business interviews (post Open Day)

Visitor interviews (post Open Day)

The findings are summarised at the end of this section, and have been used to inform

the Options Appraisal presented in Section 5. The full results of surveys are given in the

appendices.

4.1.1 Desk Research

A review was undertaken of existing documents and websites relating to different

aspects of Cape Wrath. These included documents produced by a range of

stakeholders, from the Highland Council to the Ministry of Defence.

4.1.2 Stakeholder Interviews

A range of local, regional and national stakeholders were interviewed to gather their

views of the area as it currently stands, how it might look in the future, how the transition

from current to future vision might be achieved, and how they might work with the

community to achieve a shared vision should the land be owned by the community at

some point in the future. Local businesses that are connected to Cape Wrath, such as

the ferry, minibus, and café, as well as accommodation providers in Durness, were

interviewed as part of the work. In total 31 stakeholders were interviewed. The

Interview Schedule for stakeholders is given in Appendix 1, and the list of stakeholders

interviewed is provided in Appendix 7.

After the Open Day a further business survey was conducted. This survey aimed to

gauge views on how businesses thought the proposed developments for Cape Wrath

might impact on the viability of their business, either positively or negatively, and to

what extent. The results of this survey is given in Appendix 6.


30

4.1.3 Local and Visitor Surveys and Interviews

A range of methods were used to gather the views of locals and visitors. These surveys

are provided in Appendices 2 to 5. Face-to-face interviews were conducted in two

phases. The first phase was in the early part of the work to gather views and impressions

of locals and visitors alike. These interviews took place primarily during a trip to Cape

Wrath, and at Balnakeil Craft Village. The second phase took place after the Open

Day, and was used to gather information on spending from visitors, and how this might

change if the developments supported at the Open Day were to be implemented.

Visitor interviews took place mainly around the car park at the Cape Wrath ferry point,

Balnakiel Craft Village, and at the Smoo Cave car park.

Self-completion surveys were left in 16 outlets around Cape Wrath and Durness (3 shops,

8 B&Bs/hotels, 3 cafes, the Durness Visitor Centre and the Durness GP surgery). The on-

line survey was advertised on posters, and via various websites and Facebook pages,

and run on the SurveyMonkey website. The number of surveys completed at each

stage is shown in the Table below.

Table 9 Number of Completed Surveys

Numbers completed

Phase 1 face-to-face visitor interview 26

Phase 2 face-to-face visitor interview 50

Phase 2 face-to-face business interview 11

Self-completion surveys 119

On-line survey 36

Total 242

4.1.4 Public Open Day

At the end of June 2013 a Community Open day was held in Durness Village Hall. The

purpose of this day was twofold: to enable members of the community and visitors to

give their views on Cape Wrath with regard to possible development; and also to get

feedback on the emerging themes and suggestions that had come out of the work so

far. The day was advertised locally in shops and other public places, and a number of

invites were also sent out to a range of bodies in the area (see Appendix 7).

The day was structured around telling the story of someone visiting Cape Wrath, starting

with them sitting at home deciding to visit the area, through getting information about

available services, making a booking, etc. to getting to and from the Cape, and

staying locally. A typical trip by a tourist was broken down into its constituent stages,

and for each stage of the journey three things were included – images to represent that

stage, comments that people had made about their experience of that stage, and

suggestions for changes/developments, where applicable. The comments and

suggestions which were used to illustrate the stages of the journey were all drawn from

the survey and interview material collated in advance of the Open Day.


31

Visitors to the day were invited to add their own comments and suggestions at each

journey stage, and to respond to the comments and suggestions already posted up in

advance. They were also asked to give a view on the options presented using a traffic

light system – green for support, yellow for not sure, and red for oppose. Around 25

people came to the Open Day and gave useful feedback on the options presented.

Most participants were local people, with around a quarter being visitors to the area.

They were largely in favour of the suggestions that had been gathered so far, and

many additional useful suggestions were added. The most popular options for

development at Cape Wrath were further tested through interviews with businesses and

visitors during July.

4.2 Consultation Findings

‘Thank you for showing us this place!’ (visitor, Germany)

Overall, the research identified that for many of the tourists visiting Cape Wrath the

experience is very mixed. The findings of the consultation show that Cape Wrath

attracts a wide variety of visitors, from family groups out for a day trip, to people

completing the long distance National Trail walk, or taking part in the Cape Wrath

Challenge. With such a wide variety of visitors, it is natural that a wide range of views

would be expressed on the area with regard to what people find attractive about it,

what they think would improve a visit, if anything, and what would detract from a visit.

This section of the Development Plan aims to bring together the views expressed by

visitors and local alike about the experience of a visit to the Cape, and how this might

or might not be changed in the future. Feedback on the economic impact of Cape

Wrath is covered in Section 3 of the Plan, and Section 5 gives an options appraisal of all

the suggestions that people made for how the Cape might look in the future. This

section deals with the common themes that emerged from the consultation.

‘The area could be made more of a tourism resource for the whole Durness

area, without spoiling it, with an integrated tourism experience, more co-

ordination of bus and ferry and more information available in Durness’ (visitor,

Bristol)

4.2.1 Importance of the Cape

‘….driven 500 miles just to be here ….one of the last wild places – incredibly

beautiful’ (visitor, England)

Generally visitors were coming to both Cape Wrath and Durness, showing how

intricately linked the two places are. For many visitors who responded to the survey, a

visit to Cape Wrath was one of the main reasons they were visiting the area. In the self-

completion survey, 64% reported that it was an extremely or very important factor in

their decision to come to the area, with one person saying it was at the ‘top of places

to visit before I die’. Just over a quarter (27%) of people were staying for 2 nights. Only

7% were staying for 1 night or less, and just over a quarter were staying for a week. This

demonstrates the importance of Cape Wrath to both visitor numbers and length of stay


32

of visitors, and supports what was reported by B&B owners about the importance of

Cape Wrath to their business viability. These figures were also supported by the findings

from the visitor interviews carried out after the Open Day.

Our future would be non-existent out here if it [MoD purchase of land] does

happen because they would just starve us out. If there’s no [public]

access, there’s no people, there’s no café, there’s no nothing. (business

owner, Durness)

These results show how important public access to the Cape is to the numbers of

people who visit the area. Many respondents commented on how they wished to see

public access to the Cape maintained, and where against further MoD presence and

activity in the area.

4.2.2 Views of the Cape

Visitors were attracted to Cape Wrath for many reasons. For some it was about going

to the North West corner of Britain, or seeing the highest cliffs on the mainland. For

others it was because they were taking part in the Cape Wrath Challenge or because it

was part of a long distance walking route. Others visited because it was one of the

attractions of the area and something to do whilst on holiday. For some, the main draw

was the lighthouse. Whatever the reason for visiting Cape Wrath, people liked the

remoteness of it, its wild beauty, and the beaches and cliffs. Seeing the bird and sea

life were also important draws.

4.2.3 Views on Future Developments at Cape Wrath

‘Look after it – keep it as a wilderness’ (visitor, England)

‘Please don’t change it too much – we need places like this’ (visitor, England)

A very small minority of visitors stated they did not wish to see any change whatsoever

in how a trip to the Cape is experienced. People talked about it being ‘quirky’ and

‘special’. It should be made clear, however, that this view was expressed by only a

small handful of people, and does not represent the view of the majority. It is also a

fairly unrealistic option as well; even if nothing is done, there will be changes as

buildings will continue to deteriorate, and so on. The main desire of respondents was

for Cape Wrath to be kept remote, and non-commercialised.

In the self-completion visitor survey, 16% of people said there was nothing that could

improve their visit to the Cape. While this figure may seem high, answers to other

questions in the survey, and evidence from interviews, the Open day and the on-line

survey suggest that what was meant by these responses was ‘nothing additional’, or

‘no development’. So while someone might say nothing would improve the

experience, they would then list toilets or a shelter or better transport as issues in a later

question. Looking at all the consultation findings together, people generally wanted to

see the existing building, environment and services improved, but no new buildings to

be added. The focus for the rest of the Development Plan is therefore around some


33

level of ‘development’ which makes the most of existing provision without adding

anything new in terms of physical infrastructure.

Looking then at how people thought the existing experience could be improved, there

are three general areas around which people made comments and suggestions about

a trip to the Cape. These are discussed in turn below. Options for making changes to

these areas, and recommendations on a way forward are covered in subsequent

sections, around the same three themes.

4.2.4 Improvements to the Facilities and Buildings

‘Develop its natural potential with local people being encouraged to take more

responsibility for developing their area, without “spoiling” it’ (visitor, London)

4.2.4.1 Toilets

The main issue that was identified by visitors and local businesses alike was the lack of

provision of toilet facilities on the Cape itself. Over a quarter of respondents in the self-

completion survey cited toilets as being the one thing that would have improved their

visit to Cape Wrath, and almost a quarter said that a visit would be enhanced by

provision of toilet facilities.

There were a number of issues related to this, for instance the fact that visitors are not

made aware of the lack of toilet provision until they go in search of facilities once at the

Cape. As well as being unhappy about the inability to go to the toilet whilst on the


34

Cape, visitors also expressed distaste at the evidence left behind by others who had

had to use the outdoors in lieu of a toilet. This results in a contamination issue on the

land, and could potentially be a health hazard. In addition to considerable amounts of

human excrement being reported, there was also extensive evidence of dog waste on

the Cape. These things detract from a visit for many people. In this context, a further

facility that was mentioned by some visitors was the provision of litter bins, and bins for

dog waste.

‘We would love to see trips to Clo Mor cliffs and Kervaig. Toilets were an issue’

(multiple visitor, Edinburgh)

There is also an equalities issue in relation to toilet provision – for pregnant women,

people with certain medical conditions or physical impairments, the lack of proper

facilities could prevent them making a trip or cause complications should they go

across without realising the lack of provision once there. Depending on bus and ferry

co-ordination (see below) a trip could last up to 6 hours or more.

4.2.4.2 Buildings

Comments were made by visitors on the general state of the buildings at the Cape,

with one visitor likening it to ‘a slum’. As detailed in Section 2, many of the buildings at

the Cape are now in a state of disrepair. There was a general keenness to see the

buildings renovated, and the area generally tidied up. As stated above, visitors wanted

to see the most made of what was there, but were against new developments. A

number of options for what use the buildings could be put to (other than toilet

provision) are discussed in more detail in Section 5.

‘…removal of disused MoD property and other dilapidated buildings which

are an eyesore [would improve a visit]….tidy up what is there’ (visitor,

Scotland)

A key possible area for development would be to open up the lighthouse for visitors.

For a significant number of visitors, the lighthouse was the main attraction of Cape

Wrath and they expressed disappointment at not being able to gain access. Although

the lighthouse is not on the land which may be available for community purchase, the

community should enter into discussions with NLB about the potential for providing tours

of the lighthouse, without compromising the functioning of the light itself.

As part of the background research to this plan, discussions were held with the NLB who

stated that, in principle, the Board ‘would be more than happy to work with DDG on

sorting out public access to the lighthouse’. Following a recent inspection by NLB, there

are no health and safety issues that would affect public access to the lighthouse.

There are a number of issues for DDG to note in considering this option, as follows:

The NLB plan is to have an evenly distributed geographic spread of lighthouses

open to the public. There is currently what NLB describes as ‘a gap’ in the North

West which could be filled by opening the lighthouse on Cape Wrath.


35

NLB enters into license agreements with local community groups to operate such

open access schemes. Local trusts are responsible for the day-to-day

management of lighthouse access, including showing visitors round, and are

able to keep revenue raised from entrance fees. NLB takes a small administration

fee.

Similar schemes operate successfully on Ardnamurchan and Mull of Galloway.

The Mull of Galloway has been particularly successful and visitor numbers to the

area have doubled with people staying longer and spending more. It would be

well worth DDG talking with these groups to learn from their experiences.

As has been noted in Section 2, the cluster of buildings at the Cape, as well as the

natural environment, are of national significance, and many visitors would like to see

some information on the history of the area, the lighthouse, life at the lighthouse for the

keepers’ families, the shipping history, the flora, fauna and sea-life, and the natural

features and landscape around them. Visitors were at pains to state that they felt

provision of such information should be done sensitively.

4.2.4.3 The Ozone Café

The Ozone Café at the Cape is the only place where there is any shelter currently, and

the café provides a basic range of drinks and food. There are also a number of

interpretation panels on Stevenson. For most respondents, the café provided a very

welcome service. A small number of visitors expressed a desire to see a wider range of

food and drinks available and improvements to the café, but such comments were

rare, and one respondent referred to the café as ‘a godsend’, especially for visitors

who had walked into the Cape. Some people commented on having to wait a long

time for food to be prepared, and were unable to make use of the café at busy times

due to the short time they had at the Cape before getting the bus back. By having a

greater range of pre-prepared food, such as sandwiches, busy times would be easier to

manage for the café operator, as well as resulting in happier customers. This might also

enable the café staff to be freed up to provide a wider range of food/drinks, if they

were not having to prepare sandwiches as ordered.

4.2.4.4 Transport

‘Cape Wrath has great potential but lacks one outfit to organise the ferry, bus,

buildings, to include toilets but keeping it eco/environmentally friendly’ (visitor,

London)

Comments and responses on transport were numerous and wide-ranging. While a few

people found the current arrangements quirky and part of the adventure of a trip to

the Cape, the vast majority felt there was room for improvement in how the transport

services are delivered. The main issues were around lack of information about what

was available and when, around the lack of co-ordination between the ferry and bus

services, the inability to book in advance, and around the quality of the road.

‘Easier access, more certain access to Cape Wrath, longer time here. Access to

Kearvaig beach’ (visitor, Bristol)


36

Currently, the ferry and bus are run by separate operators, and generally the two

operators communicate with regard to when the services start and end for the season,

running times, and so on. According to respondents, however, this communication

would appear to occasionally break down and visitors reported being left stranded on

the Cape completely, or being left on the Cape-side jetty for several hours waiting for a

bus. Such instances have left negative impressions on those visitors affected, and could

have had serious consequences if the visitors were in any way vulnerable as a result of

age or health. With the prevalence of use of social media and sites such as Trip

Advisor, this could potentially result in negative comments on a visit to the Cape being

widely distributed. Several businesses expressed concern about the long-term viability

of their business if the negative experience encountered by some became widely

reported through social media. However, a review of comments on Trip Advisor would

suggest that at present these concerns are unfounded and of the 32 comments

posted, only two were negative, with the transport arrangements not being cited as an

issue.

‘[website not updated] on changes to sailing times. Adds and cancels ferries

without notice, ……. All in all, as we waited for the ferry (90 minutes late) many

visitors left, choosing not to visit. Main issue: lack of information’ (visitor, Orkney)

There was also a reported problem with getting accurate and up to date information

on when the ferry was running. For neither service is there a published timetable,

although without a published timetable for the ferry, one for the bus would be

meaningless, and the bus is dependent on the ferry for customers. Information is

available on a website, and is posted up at the jetty. However, respondents reported

that the website is not necessarily kept up to date, and there is no source of information

in Durness itself, so it is only when you get to the jetty that visitors find out if the ferry is

running. For those in a car this is generally not an issue, but for people who have

walked or cycled out to the jetty, significant dissatisfaction and disappointment was

expressed if they discover that the ferry is not running as stated. People wanted to see


37

better and more up to date information being readily available in a number of

locations.

A further issue that respondents identified was the mis-match between the number of

people that the ferry can carry (10), and the number required to fill the mini-bus (16).

Respondents reported that a visit to the Cape would be enhanced if both vehicles

carried the same number of passengers, as this would reduce the amount of waiting

about. On dry warm days, this may not be a problem, but even on such days

dissatisfaction was expressed by visitors if they had to experience a lengthy wait. On a

wet and/or cold day the level of dissatisfaction could be expected to be considerably

higher. Co-ordination of the services was not restricted to number of passengers, but

also ticketing, timing, information, and booking.

‘Six hours (which is what it took) is too long for a visit from beginning to end’

(visitor, Edinburgh)

As well as issues around co-ordination of the transport arrangements, visitors wanted to

see greater flexibility for trips – currently they are encouraged to get the ferry across,

get the bus, spend 45 minutes at the lighthouse, and then return by bus. People

wanted to be able to spend longer at the lighthouse, and more opportunity to explore

other areas such as Clo Mor and Kearvaig (see picture below). While it is possible to do

this, and to get on and off the bus at different points, it can often mean that when the

bus comes back, there is no space on it if you try to join it at a point other than the

lighthouse and there were reported instances of people being stranded.


38

‘The visit time is too short and not good value for money: i.e. 2 adults and 2

children cost over £40 for less than 1 hour at the lighthouse. We wanted to

explore and use the café: day ticket please’ (multiple visitor, Edinburgh)

The condition of the road on the Cape received heavy criticism from many

respondents. It is not in very good condition, although as noted in Section 2 above it is

maintained and checked on a regular basis by Highland Council. These checks and

maintenance ensure its safety, though not necessarily its comfort. Given budget cuts,

and the vast road network that is in greater use that Highland Council is responsible for,

it is unlikely that the situation on Cape Wrath is going to change for the better, unless

other agencies/organisations were to take on some of the maintenance role.

‘Felt very unsafe on the drive to the ferry due to the state of the road’

(visitor, Wales)

4.2.4.5 Shelter at the Cape

For many people making the trip to Cape Wrath, there will have already been perhaps

lengthy stretches of time waiting standing in the open air, either at the first jetty for the

ferry, or at the second for a bus. In good weather and in good health this may not be

an issue, but in wet conditions, or for the young, elderly or infirm, this waiting could

become a significant detraction from their visit. Additionally, upon arrival at the Cape

itself, there is no shelter or seating other than a few chairs in the café entrance.

The lack of sheltered seating at the jetties could be overcome by improvements to the

transport arrangements as discussed above, and so these will not be covered here

(although options for providing shelter are given in Section 5). Instead the focus will be

on shelter at the Cape itself. Views on and suggestions for shelter at the Cape were

varied, but there was one common theme and that was around the need to use


39

existing buildings through renovation, rather than constructing anything new. This

would have the double impact of tidying up the physical environment at the Cape,

and providing shelter.

‘Celebrate – and publicise – the heritage’ (visitor, England)

Shelter was wanted by visitors for many reasons – in order to sea-spot whales and

shipping, bird watch, to escape the weather, as a facility to learn more about the area

through combining shelter with information provision, and even to stay overnight. While

there is a bunkhouse at Kearvaig which is maintained by the Mountain Bothies

Association, this was considered to be a little basic, and visitors wanted to see an

additional bunkhouse at the Cape itself.

‘Its remoteness and under-developed character has to be retained at all costs,

since this is what gives the area it’s unique quality and identity…..The major

public sector bodies i.e. MoD, NLB and HRC, are all involved, in different ways, in

ownership of the Cape, none of which recognises its responsibility or public

need of a secure future.’ (visitor, Berkshire)

As was noted above, there have been a number of instances of visitors being stranded

Cape-side. While this is most easily addressed by improving the transport provision and

communication, the addition of shelter would be beneficial should such instances arise

in the future, and would reduce the risks involved should someone become stranded.

4.3 Conclusions

Cape Wrath is of great importance to the ability of Durness and the surrounding

communities to attract visitors to the area. Ensuring continued access to the Cape is of

great importance for the economic viability of the area, and is of prime importance to

many visitors. As well as bringing people to the area, the Cape also keeps them there

for longer.

As a minimum, the current levels of public access to the Cape should be maintained.

People are attracted by many aspects of the Cape, and a wide range of visitors make

the journey. For some the ‘adventure’ of the visit is a plus, whilst for others this detracts

from the experience.

Views on the potential for development on the Cape were varied, but there was

general agreement that any development should be based around existing buildings,

rather than on any new construction at the Cape.

Respondents did not want to see public access to the Cape further restricted, but

wanted access levels at least maintained, if it was not possible to extend current levels.

There is considerable potential to allow access to the Lighthouse, and this should be

pursued further with NLB.


40

Respondents raised a number of ideas and suggestions for development, but three key

themes emerged: toilets, shelter, and transport.

The need for a toilet at the Cape was almost universally recognised by all.

There is great scope for improving the co-ordination and quality of the transport

provision, covering aspects such as booking, information, timing, ticketing etc.

Shelter of one description or another was seen as desirable. This could vary from a very

simple form of shelter through renovation of an existing building, perhaps to provide an

information centre as well as shelter, to a bunkhouse at the Cape.

Shelter at one or both of the jetties was also seen as desirable, particularly if there is no

change to the transport arrangements.


41

Section 5 Options Appraisal

The Options Appraisal tabled here was developed following extensive community, visitor and stakeholder consultation. The table sets out

a range of possible development ideas. Each idea is ranked according to priority and feasibility, and detail is given on affordability and

other factors including employment/volunteering opportunities and estimated environmental impact.

There are also suggestions on how these ideas might be taken forward. Ideally, DDG’s role in the future would be as a facilitating group

with the actual doing of the work delegated to others. However, depending on how DDG sees its own future, this facilitating role could

be carried out by Durness Community Council. For this to happen the community council would need to establish an arm’s length

trading subsidiary. The other option would be to establish a new organisation similar to the Adnamurchan Lighthouse Trust (see Table 8)

which is a company limited by guarantee with charitable status.

Option Priority Feasibility Affordability and financing Employment/

volunteering

Environmental

impact

Partnership/Delivery

Toilets – various options

for location (Cape,

jetties) but the

overwhelming priority

was on the Cape itself.

Use a composting

toilet with collected

rainwater for hand-

washing

Very

High

High As a comparison the proposed

composting toilets at Stoer

have recently been granted

planning permission. HIE have

committed £10,000, Highland

Council £2,000 and local

community £2,000. There will

be a charge of £1 per use to

cover cleaning costs

High

Potential

employment as

income could

pay for local

person to clean

the toilet.

Also volunteer

opportunities

Low Partnership

Highland

Council/HIE/Community

Council/private business

Initial discussions with HIE

about potential funding

have been positive.

Delivery options

Could be delivered by

DDG, Community Council,

new organisation

Combined dog waste

and litter bins at Cape

and/or signage

requesting visitors to

take rubbish with them

off Cape

High High Outdoor heavy duty bins

approx. £100 each

Signage would have minimal

cost

High volunteer

opportunities

Low – as long as

they are

emptied

regularly

Partnership

Highland Council

Delivery options



new organisation

Interpretation boards

on flora/fauna/sealife/

High High New signage and visitor

information – could cost in the

Medium

Employment but

Low Partnership

RSPB/SNH/Highland


42


volunteering

Environmental

impact


history/lighthouse/area

/shipping etc.

region of £10,000. Could apply

to Awards for All/ERDF

short term

Volunteering but

short term

(research, oral

histories etc)

Council Ranger

Service/local community

Delivery options



new organisation

Improved ferry service

(more reliable, earlier

and later sailings,

published accurate

timetable etc. on line,

at ferry terminal and in

village, more flexible

service, twilight tours

etc.)

High High Low cost Medium – an

increase in the

number of sailings

or the addition of

a second

operator may

provide

employment

opportunities

Low Partnership

Ferry and bus service

providers/ alternative ferry

and bus service provider

Delivery options


providers/ alternative ferry

and bus service provider

Sheltered seating at

Cape side and ferry

side jetties – unless

transport links

improved

High High Relatively low cost – perhaps

get financial support from HIE

or Highland Council

Could be simple shelter (e.g.

gazebo) or more substantial

N/A Low Partnership

Highland Council/HIE

Delivery options



new organisation

Better information

about ferry and bus

times – at jetty and in

Durness

High High Low cost – improve information

on website

Information boards in the

village and at Keoldale jetty

N/A Low Partnership


providers

Delivery options


providers

Ability to book

ferry/bus in advance,

on-line, and at Durness

Visitor Centre

High High Low cost N/A Low Partnership

Visitor centre, Ferry and bus

service providers

Delivery options

Visitor centre, Ferry and bus

service providers


43


volunteering

Environmental

impact


Improved marketing –

to develop Cape

Wrath as a destination

in its own right

High High Join up with

www.northhighlandsscotland.c

om

(see also below Cape Wrath

website)

Low Low Partnership

North Highland Initiative

Tourist Project, local

businesses

Delivery options



new organisation, local

business

Co-ordinated ferry and

bus service – times,

tickets etc. to offer

more varied/flexible

trips to the Cape

High High N/A Low Low Partnership

Current ferry and bus

service providers

Delivery options


service providers

Improved relationship

with MoD

High High N/A N/A N/A Partnership

MoD

Delivery options


DDG, Community Council

Clean up human and

dog excrement on the

Cape and maintain

general cleanliness

High High Low cost. Regular volunteer

clean-ups e.g. Friends of Nevis

hold volunteer weekends to

clean up Ben Nevis. John Muir

Trust also hold clean-up

weekends on Ben Nevis

High level of

volunteering

Low – would

greatly improve

the aesthetics

of the

environment,

and reduce

environmental

contamination

Partnership

Local community

Delivery options



new organisation

Local business

Friends of Cape Wrath –

similar to Friends of Nevis

Dedicated Cape

Wrath website with up

to date information on

all services and

High High Low cost. Could be financed

by local businesses

Medium

employment

initially and

medium volunteer

Low Partnership

Local businesses, current

bus and ferry service

providers, links to other

http://www.northhighlandsscotland.com/

http://www.northhighlandsscotland.com/


44


volunteering

Environmental

impact


facilities on Cape

Wrath.

opportunities

thereafter for

managing

content

relevant tourism marketing

groups

Delivery options



new organisation

Local businesses

Improve road High Low High cost Low

Occasional

employment

opportunity

Low Partnership

Highland Council/MoD

Delivery options

Would need to be

investigated further

Visitor access to

lighthouse/lantern

High Medium Very low cost in getting the

lighthouse ready as this cost

should be met by the NLB (see

Ardnamurchan Point and Mull

of Galloway as examples).

There will be a cost in staff time

unless able to get volunteers

High –

staff/volunteers to

provide tours

Low Partnership

NLB- initial discussions with

NLB have been positive

Delivery options



New organisation

Walking routes on

Cape Wrath (including

route from Sandwood

Bay)

High Medium High cost to establish paths,

but low thereafter

Possibly Scotland Rural

Development Programme

(SRDP)

High employment

or volunteering

initially, low

thereafter

Medium Partnership

John Muir Trust, Cape

Wrath Trail, National Trail,

MoD

Delivery options



new organisation

Improve condition of

buildings and walls at

Cape

High Medium Could be high cost, funding

dependent. Could attract

private investment. Would

require further investigation

Medium Low – would

improve the

aesthetics of

the

Partnership

Highland Council, HIE,

Historic Scotland, National

Trust for Scotland, Highland


45


volunteering

Environmental

impact


environment Buildings Preservation Trust,

TCV, private individuals.

May be others - would

require further

investigation.

Delivery options



new organisation

The Conservation

Volunteers

Restore Lloyds Building High

(due to

listing)

Low to

medium

Lloyds building has been

granted Listed Building status

which may mean that it would

be easier to access grants e.g.

Heritage Lottery Fund, EU

funding

Possible visitor centre –

information on flora and fauna,

history, lighthouse and life of

lighthouse families, shipping,

sea-life etc. and could include

small gift shop

Due to listing, some action will

be required

High

Employment in

renovation, and

ongoing running

of building could

provide

employment and

volunteering

opportunities

Low – would

improve the

aesthetics of

the

environment

Partnership

HIE, NLB, Historic Scotland,

National trust for Scotland,

construction industry, local

businesses

Delivery options



new organisation

Picnic tables at the

Cape

Medium High Heavy duty picnic tables cost

between £250 - £500 each

N/A Low as long as

there were bins

for waste

Partnership

N/A

Delivery options

Ozone Café



Tours to Cape Wrath –

overnight stays etc.

Medium High Low cost if using existing

providers

Low Low to medium

dependent on

Partnership

Private companies already


46


volunteering

Environmental

impact


numbers providing tours, local bus

and ferry service providers

Delivery options



new organisation, private

tour companies

Renewable energy

generation

Medium Low to

medium

dependent

on type and

outcome of

wilderness

area

consultation/

windfarms

High cost but would generate

income/reduce running costs

of facilities

Low Low to medium

dependent on

type

Partnership

Community Energy

Scotland. Requires more

investigation re location,

options and feasibility

Delivery options



new organisation

Improve café facility –

wider menu, pre-

prepared food etc.

Medium Medium Bulk purchase of pre-packed

sandwiches

Low cost

Minimal investment

High

Employment/job

creation for local

catering business,

increased sales at

cafe

Low to medium

depending on

packaging

Partnership

Local grocery store/local

catering business


Delivery options

Ozone cafe

Improved ferry service

(bigger boat/other

suitable

craft/hovercraft/

covered boat)

Medium Medium Expanding service to take

more passengers would cost –

for example a 10 seater

hovercraft costs approx.

£75,000. A hovercraft would

mean that crossings were not

so dependent on tides, though

they may be more vulnerable

to winds. Other alternative

craft should be investigated.

Boat size would need to be

High Low Partnership


service providers

/alternative ferry and bus

service provider

Delivery options


service providers

/alternative ferry and bus

service provider


47


volunteering

Environmental

impact


matched to capacity of the

bus, or more buses provided.

A larger boat may also require

a different type of MCA

licence.

Alternative ferry

service

Medium Medium Would require a competitor to

set up an alternative ferry

provision.

High

Could create

new employment

Low Partnership

Dependent on provider

Delivery options

Dependent on provider

Mountain Bike Trails Medium Medium Possible SRDP funding – see

Developing Mountain Biking in

Scotland for more details

(www.dmbins.com)

Medium –

employment and

volunteers around

possible

maintenance

Medium –

essentially a

wild

environment

Partnership

Developing Mountain

Biking in Scotland

Highland Council

SNH

Delivery options



new organisation

Cape Wrath sign at

Cape

Medium Medium Low cost (enable people to

get their picture taken with a

sign that says Cape Wrath –

most North-Westerly point on

the British Mainland)

N/A Low Partnership

N/A

Delivery options



Develop a

bunkhouse/youth

hostel on the Cape

using one of existing

buildings

Medium Medium High cost to establish but

would generate income

Would require private

investment

Low Low – if use

existing building

Partnership

YHA, local businesses

Delivery options

Ozone café


new organisation

Undercover viewing

area for sea spotting

etc.

Medium Medium Medium, funding dependent.

Could be incorporated into

renovation of Lloyds Building

See above re

Lloyds Building

Low Partnership

See above re Lloyds

Building

http://www.dmbins.com/


48


volunteering

Environmental

impact


Delivery options

See above re Lloyds

Building

Ensure year round

walking access to

lighthouse for National

Trail and Cape Wrath

Trail, even during live

firing

Medium Medium N/A N/A Low, but would

depend on

number of

walkers

Partnership

MoD, Cape Wrath Trail,

National Trail

Delivery options

N/A

Bus links from Durness

to Oldshoremore and

Keoldale jetty

Low Low Would be dependent on local

operator

Low to medium

Dependent on

local operator

and level of

demand

Low to medium Partnership

Local operator

Delivery options

Local operator

Reinstate tracks to

Kearvaig and/or Clais

Charnach and /or Clo

Mor

Low Medium Medium

Costs and how it could be

financed would need further

investigation

High for

volunteering

initially

Low Partnership

Local businesses

SNH

MoD

Highland Council

Delivery options

To be further investigated

Pop-up café at Cape

side jetty

Low Medium Low to medium depending on

how provided.

Would require private

investment

High Low Partnership

Local businesses

Delivery options

Ozone café

Local café provider

New organisation


49

Section 6 Recommendations and Next Steps

This final section of the Development Plan pulls together the conclusions from previous

sections, and gives recommendations for the next steps.

6.1 Conclusions

Tourism is a key sector for the Durness area, and Cape Wrath is an important draw for

many people coming to visit. Cape Wrath is of great importance to the ability of

Durness and the surrounding communities to attract visitors to the area.

Ensuring continued access to the Cape is of great importance for the economic

viability of the area, and is of prime importance to many visitors. As well as bringing

people to the area, the Cape also keeps them there for longer.

Public access to the Cape should be maintained at least at current levels. Any further

restriction in public access would be very unpopular with visitors, and would inevitably

lead to reduced numbers of visitors in the future.

The current economic impact on the Durness area, as a result of tourism at Cape

Wrath, is estimated to be in the region of £620,000, with a further estimated £140,802

impact due to the multiplier effect. In terms of employment, Cape Wrath tourism

creates an estimated additional 5.1FTE posts in the area. These impacts are

dependent on the current level of public access being maintained.

The Cape also has economic significance in terms of the MoD presence on the Cape,

as this provides employment and as well as direct spend in the community. It is unlikely

that an extension of military activity would result in any great increase in local

employment or local spend.

The Cape is a recognised area of outstanding natural beauty, and this is part of its

appeal. It also has considerable historical significance. Together these factors open

up a wealth of opportunity for attracting people to the area, which could be further

enhanced if DDG and NLB could negotiate access to the Lighthouse under a license

agreement.

The ‘destination experience’ within the study area needs to aim at better satisfying

existing markets (exceeding expectations) and attracting new markets in future by

providing what they want in the form of both attractors and support services /

infrastructure.

The main aim should be to entice more visitors to the area; encourage them to stay

longer and get them to spend more during their stay - increasing their level of

secondary spend whilst on site.


50

Improving the visitor experience could easily see the numbers of visitors to Cape Wrath

increasing from the current estimated 6,000 to at least 10,000. This number is not

unrealistic and could even be seen to be under-ambitious. Such projections are,

however, dependent on maintaining as a minimum the current level of public access.

Views on the potential for development on the Cape were varied, but there was

general agreement that any development should be based around existing buildings,

rather than on any new construction.

Issues were identified that if tackled could lead to an improved visitor experience and

more sustainable and profitable operations. Three key themes for development

emerged from the consultation: toilets, shelter, and transport.

The need for a toilet at the Cape was almost universally recognised by all.

There is great scope for improving the co-ordination and quality of the transport

provision, covering aspects such as booking, information, timing, ticketing etc.

Shelter of one description or another was seen as desirable. This could vary from a

very simple form of shelter through renovation of an existing building to provide an

information centre as well as shelter, to a bunkhouse at the Cape. Shelter at the

jetties, particularly if transport arrangements are not improved, is a priority.

There are a number of agencies and bodies which have an interest in the land at

Cape Wrath. Moving forward it is important that communication between these

bodies is improved, and partnership maximised to the benefit of all.

6.2 Recommendations

Land Acquisition

At present, the application under the Land Reform (Scotland) Act to register a

community interest in the land has been approved, but the land is not actually

available for sale. However, NLB have indicated that they would be open to

discussion with the community about a potential sale of the land. The first step would

therefore be to come to a decision at a community level as to whether or not to

pursue land acquisition, taking into account all factors. This is not a clear-cut decision

but is a decision that needs to be made at a community level. In order to facilitate this

decision-making process, a SWOT analysis which summarises the relevant issues for

consideration is presented below.

Strengths

Community Right to Buy application

successful

Improving the visitor experience

could potentially have significant

economic benefits for the area

Weaknesses

High cost of bringing buildings etc.

up to scratch

Will require considerable volunteer

effort – local and further afield and in

ways that are sustainable.


51

Community Ownership

Ensures future access to the Cape is

secured for future generations

Iconic status and therefore a major

draw for tourists to the wider area

Conservation of the area’s natural

and cultural heritage

Possible lack of community capacity

and skills to take the project forward

Investment needed to bring the

buildings and wall up to a

reasonable standard

Either way, need to have better links

and communication with public,

private and vol. sectors – going to be

difficult

Difficult relationships to manage, and

need to overcome historical

differences

Opportunities

Potential for increasing existing levels

of economic impact considerably

Either way, need to have better links

and communication with public,

private and vol. sectors – going to be

difficult

Possibility of access to lighthouse

Bring community together?

Potential to lever in private

investment

Threats

High probability that the MoD will

purchase the land if the community

doesn’t

Community motivation seems to be

focused on keeping the MoD out

rather than a genuine desire for the

community to own and develop the

land

After due consideration of the above factors, should the decision be made to actively

seek acquisition of the Cape land, it would then be necessary to enter into discussions

with NLB about the possibility of land purchase, and its likely cost.

If discussions with NLB are positive, it would then be necessary to begin exploring

potential sources of funding to purchase the Cape, and to start discussions with HIE to

seek their support for a community right to buy.

NLB has also indicated it would be interested in working with the Durness community to

provide visitor access to the Lighthouse. This is something it has successfully done on

the Mull of Galloway, and which should be explored as a priority by DDG, irrespective

of whether the land is available for sale

In the event that the land is not available for sale, or the community is not able to raise

the funds required to purchase it, there is still potential for the community to be

involved in taking forward some of the developments detailed in the options appraisal,

which would help secure the future of the Cape as a visitor destination, and enhance

the experience of visitors.

Areas for Development


52

Three key areas for development emerged: toilet facilities; improved transport; and

shelter. The options appraisal details various suggestions for how to take these

developments forward.

In relation to toilet facilities, further research should be undertaken, along with

discussions with SEPA, to establish the most suitable means of supplying a toilet in lieu of

mains running water. This might be a compost toilet or some other form of eco-toilet.

Alternatively, consideration should be given to installing enhanced rain water

collection facilities and tanks in order to provide a supply of running water from which

toilet facilities can be run.

HIE has indicated its potential willingness to help with funding for toilets on the Cape.

Most recently HIE supported a composting toilet at Stoer Lighthouse. The total cost was

£13,000 and there were additional contributions from the Highland Council’s Ward

Discretionary Fund plus local fundraising via a visitor collection box.

It is imperative that there is better communication and co-ordination between the

ferry and bus operators to make the transport arrangements more seamless for the

visitor. This may require some third party facilitation to move it forward.

For specific events which have transport requirements, such as the Cape Wrath

Challenge, the transport elements should be put out to tender with specific service

criteria being stated.

The provision of shelter at both jetties was raised, and could be solved with the

addition of a ‘natural shelter’, similar to the information shelter at the entrance to Glen

Sligachan on the Isle of Skye. The shelter houses two interpretation panels covered by

a pitched, turf finished roof. A seating area would also be a useful addition (see

picture below).


53

Shelter at the Cape itself is also an issue, but as respondents were not keen to see

further construction at the Cape, the type of shelter shown above would not be

suitable. Ways of renovating the existing buildings to provide shelter at the Cape

should be investigated including funding options (for instance, Awards for All) and

finance from private benefactors.

Environmental Management Plan

As the most North Westerly point in mainland Britain, Cape Wrath is an iconic

landscape whose special natural features should be conserved or enhanced. The

area is afforded considerable protection through various measures such as its SSSI and

SLA status.

However, there are areas of Cape Wrath that would benefit from enhancement and

improvement, particularly some of the buildings that are in a poor state of repair, and

addressing the issue of human waste around the lighthouse.

Protecting and preserving this iconic landscape is not a task that can be effectively

undertaken by a single organisation. To achieve this dual purpose of protection and

preservation – and which between them will improve the visitor experience – requires a

strategic, co-ordinated partnership approach (see below). The MoD and SNH

together jointly produce an Integrated Rural Management Plan (IRMP) for Cape Wrath

and this should form the basis for any Environmental Management Plan. The IRMP is a

public document, and while it was requested as part of this work it was only received

after the report was written, and so its contents are not reflected in the report.

Volunteering work days should be introduced to tackle various aspects of keeping the

Cape waste-free. These should involve as many members of the community as

possible. Friends of Nevis runs a similar scheme for Ben Nevis and Glen Nevis including

seasonal litter picks (mainly before and after the main visitor season) and volunteering

weekends to tackle a particular aspect of the natural environment that requires work.

Some of the work on restoring the built environment could also be carried out with

volunteer effort. Restoring the stone dyke, for instance, would provide an ideal

opportunity for a volunteer group, such as TCV (The Conservation Volunteers).

Joint Working

Key to securing the future of the Cape as an open destination, whether under

community ownership or not, will be a platform for all interested parties to come

together and discuss and agree a way forward. At present there is a lot of mistrust

between some of the parties involved, much of which is based on fear and mis-

information, and this is potentially damaging to securing the future of the Cape.

Taking forward this development plan will require strong leadership, and a

person/persons willing to take on the role of facilitator to bring the various parties

together to try and rebuild trust and a positive working relationship.


54

Three local business have a direct stake in maintaining, and ideally increasing the

number of visitors to the Cape. Many more businesses have an indirect stake. It is

therefore of interest and potential benefit to local business and the whole community

that positive relationships are established between the various parties.

It is recommended that a working group is established, made up of agencies,

businesses and local groups (DDG, The Highland Council, SNH, John Muir Trust, NLB,

MoD, bus and ferry operators, etc.) to agree priorities for action on a year-by-year

basis.

The establishment of a working group is a priority irrespective of whether the land

becomes available for sale and is sold to the community.

Consideration should be given to working jointly with the Kinlochbervie community to

take any development forward, as both communities benefit from the proximity of

Cape Wrath and the visitors which come there.


55

APPENDICES


56

APPENDIX ONE

Agency/local group/local business interviews

Intro: We have been commissioned by Durness Development Group to draw up a

Development Plan for the Cape Wrath area. The Plan will be used to support the

Group in its application to register an interest in part of the Cape Wrath area under the

community right to buy, should the land become available for sale. We would like to

talk to you about Cape Wrath, its importance to the wider Durness area, and how it

might be developed in the future.

How do you see the Cape Wrath area currently? (prompt - in terms of its natural and

built environment, facilities, importance for local economy, and the services available)

How important do you think CW is to the wider Durness area, in terms of bringing

people and business to the area? (and if it is a business, how important to their

particular business?)

What kinds of visitors does CW attract to the area, and would you like to see this

change? In what way? What could be done to bring about that change?

What do you see as the downsides to an influx of visitors?

Are there any developments/changes that you think would enhance the visitor

experience of CW? Or equally, could detract from it?

What do you see as being the key threats to CW and the wider Durness area?

What do you think the challenges are for CW and the wider Durness area in the future,

and how could these be minimised?

Could the visitor season be extended? What would be the impact of this? What

could be done to achieve this?

Looking forward 10 years, what would be your ideal vision for CW and what

significance would this have for the wider Durness area?

If DDG were to buy the land at some point in the future, how do you see you/your

agency/business could work with the management group for the land in a positive

way?

Anything else you’d like to add?


57

APPENDIX TWO

Visitor/Local Survey for Face-to-Face Interviews – Phase 1

Record here where interviewed: Durness or Cape Wrath

We are doing some research locally into what attracts people to the Durness/CW

area, how locals and visitors see CW and in particular how, if at all, they would like CW

to develop in the future.

Where have you come from, and how long are you staying for? Or do you live here?

FOR LOCALS – SKIP TO NEXT SECTION

For visitors –

Do you plan to visit Durness/Cape Wrath as well? (adjust according to where being

interviewed)

Is it the first time you have come here?

(if yes, will you return and why/why not? If no, how many times before, what makes

you return?)

What made you come to Durness/CW

How important a factor was Cape Wrath in your decision to visit the area?

What do you like about CW and/or wider area?

How could your visit to CW be improved? What would make you more likely to come

back in the future? OR – what would encourage you to visit CW?

Are there any changes/developments you would like to see in CW?

Looking forward 10 years, what changes would you like to see, if any, in CW?

For locals

How important do you think Cape Wrath is to the local area?

What do you see as being the benefits/drawbacks of having Cape Wrath on your

doorstep?

How do you think the Cape Wrath area could be improved? What would make the

area more attractive for people to visit?

Are there any changes/developments you would like to see in the Cape Wrath area?

Looking forward 10 years, what changes would you like to see, if any, in the Cape

Wrath area, and what would be the impact of these changes on the wider Durness

area?


58

APPENDIX THREE

Self-completing survey placed in B&Bs, cafes, shops etc.

Help shape the future of Cape Wrath – Visitor Survey

We are doing some research into what attracts people to the Cape Wrath/Durness

area, and what, if any, developments they would like to see in Cape Wrath in the

future. We will use the findings of the research to prepare a development plan for

Cape Wrath.

Total responses 119 – all results are shown as percentages below

1 Are you visiting: (circle as appropriate)

Cape Wrath 8%

Durness 16%

Both 76%

2. Where are you from and how long are you staying?

England and Wales 59%

Scotland …………………..24%

Europe 6%

Canada/Australia/USA 8%

Staying for

Day trip 7%

1 night 7%

2 nights 27%

3 nights 8%

4 nights 13%

5 nights 4%

6 nights 2%

1 week 25%

2 or more weeks 3%

3 Why did you choose to come to Cape Wrath/Durness?

Scenery/landscape/beauty 28%

To go to Cape Wrath 26%

Wanted to see NW corner 20%

Birds/wildlife/flora 13%

Remote 11%

Beaches 7%

Walking 6%

Coast 5%

Wilderness 5%

Walking route 5%

Cycling tour 5%

Lighthouse 4%

Visit friends/family 3%

Peace and quiet 3%

To go to Smoo Cave/Cocoa Mountain 3%

Geology 2%


59

Fishing 1%

Culture/history 1%

4 How important a factor was Cape Wrath in you choosing this area as a location?

Extremely or Very 64%

Top of places to visit before I die 1%

Important 8%

Added bonus to visit to area 5%

Low importance 4%

5 What do you like about the Cape Wrath area?

Remote 50%

Wilderness 44%

Views/scenery 42%

Not too busy/peaceful 24%

Wildlife 11%

Coast 11%

Unspoilt 6%

Lighthouse 3%

Special 3%

Walking 2%

Other – Wild and awesome, fishing, geology, lighthouse, pristine, no development,

historic importance, majesty

6 How could your visit to Cape Wrath/Durness area be improved?

Toilets 26%

Road improvements 13%

Nothing 13%

Bus/ferry co-ordination 10%

More info on bus/ferry times, booking etc 8%

Bus 3%

Ferry 3%

More flexible transport 2%

Single bus and ferry fee

Walking routes 4%

Bunkhouse accommodation 3%

Better café 3%

Cleaner area 2%

Lighthouse 2%

Interpretation 2%

Other - Tell people no toilet before they go across, souvenirs, easier access, bus to

Keoldale from Durness, removal/improvement of derelict buildings

7 Is this the first time you have visited the area?(please circle) YES 54% NO

44%

If yes, will you come again, and why?

Remoteness, tranquillity, walks

29% will return

If no, how many times have you been before, and what keeps you coming back?

Once 10%

3 times 8%


60

5 to 9 times 1%

10 or more 2%

8 What developments/changes do you think would enhance a visit to Cape Wrath?

What would encourage you to visit Cape Wrath?

Toilets 22%

Toilets at lighthouse 4%

Toilets at terminal 1%

None 16%

Improved road 13%

Better co-ordinated bus and ferry 9%

Ferry 5%

Better access 4%

Being able to book bus and ferry 3%

Seating at jetties 2%

Shelter at jetties 2%

Bus and ferry timetable 1%

Interpretation/history 5%

Improved buildings 3%

Walking routes on CW 4%

Bunkhouse 7%

Lighthouse access/tours 8%

Better café 4%

No MoD 2%

Viewing areas under cover for sea spotting eg whales 3%

Other - Bus between Cape Wrath and Old Shore Moor so can do long day walk, bus to

Keoldale, boat trips to Clo Mhor cliffs, Safer ferry docks, museum, visitor centre, tidy up

of area

9 What developments/changes do you think would spoil the Cape Wrath area?

Commercialisation 30%

More development 17%

MoD 6%

Windfarms 5%

Denied access 5%

No access 4%

Touristy shops 3%

Bridge across the Kyle 3%

Modern buildings 3%

Too many people 3%

Too accessible 3%

Double track road 2%

Most 2%

Walking festival 1%

Anything that would discourage wildlife 1%

10 Is there anything you would like to add about the future of Cape Wrath?

Don’t deny access 18%

Keep it special 10%

Don’t spoilt it 7%

Look after it 6%

More flexible bus and ferry 4%


61

No MoD 4%

Keep remote and keep quiet 4%

Toilets 3%

Better info on bus and ferry 3%

Don’t commercialise it 3%

Need better bus and ferry co-ordination 2%

Keep as it is – its an adventure! 2%

Community Right To Buy good idea 2%

Other – booking system for ferry and bus, road needs attention, continue to allow MoD

access, not too many changes, Keep quirky, Restore buildings, compost toilet, Needs

careful development, More themed events like Cape Wrath Challenge

Please return this survey to the place where you collected it from. Thank you.

If you would like more information on the work we are doing, please contact: HISEZ,

81a Castle Street, Inverness IV2 3EA, [email protected], www.hisez.co.uk

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.hisez.co.uk/


62

APPENDIX FOUR

Survey Monkey On-Line Survey for Locals and Visitors

Total responses – 36

1. Do you live in the Durness area?

Yes 28%

No 72%

2. Have you ever visited Cape Wrath? tick all that apply

Yes, this year 22%

Yes, in the last 5 years 58%

Yes, but longer ago than 5 years 22%

No, but plan to soon 14%

No, and don't plan to 0%

3. If you are a visitor to the area, how important was Cape Wrath in your decision to

visit?

Very important 42%

Quite important 33%

Not very important 0%

Irrelevant 0%

Not applicable - not a visitor 25%

4. If you have visited Cape Wrath, what attracted you about the area? tick all that

apply

Natural beauty 81%

Wildlife 56%

Most north-westerly point of British Isles 69%

Remoteness 75%

Part of organised tour 0%

Other (please specify)

End point of CW Trail (2 responses)

To go to the lighthouse – father was in CW Fellowship

To go to the lighthouse – grandfather was lighthouse keeper

Spectacular cliffs

The name Cape Wrath was an initial draw when visiting Durness (before I moved here).

The North West tip of Britain !

It is one of the most beautiful parts of the country. It is unspoiled and a wonderful

place to get away from horrible city life to relax. You have fresh air, natural beauty,

silence (from modern life) and your health.

5. If you have visited Cape Wrath, how likely are you to recommend a visit to others?

Very likely 69%

Fairly likely 11%

Not very likely 6%

Not at all likely 0%

6. If you have not visited Cape Wrath before, what would encourage you to visit in the

future? tick all that apply

Easier access 33%


63

Better information about how to get there 50%

Better information about what's there 67%

Better facilities 20%


Less military presence

7. If you have visited Cape Wrath before, how could your visit there have been

improved? tick all that apply

Easier access 25%

Availability of accommodation on Cape Wrath 11%

Toilet facilities 42%

Bins 17%

A Visitor Centre explaining historical background/natural environment 28%

Nothing 38%

Not applicable 14%


the remoteness as well as the access via ferry is part of the experience. I know this

can only attract so many people, but I doubt that a visitor centre ON the cape

itself as well as providing accommodation there would be a real benefit. you can

have all that in Durness

I like the idea of a visitor centre - but not in the chocolate boxy traditional

"National Trust" sense. A highly sustainable and innovative building could be

stunning. it would be based around the living local community - maybe run on a

cooperative basis - so that it increased the feeling of local ownership that is so

much a part of a visit to this area. It could for example highlight environmental

issues - maybe the latest information on plants and animals in the area and how

they are being impacted by climate change. I think many people will be reluctant

to see any Change on Cape Wrath: there are so few wild, remote places and

people crave that in their lives. However, things do move on (or just decay) - and

some regeneration and new ideas could bring even more appreciation of the

area, provided this is done in a sensitive way.

Mobile phone signal was poor/patchy

Better ferry

More notices of MOD firing details attached to the fence on walk from Sandwood

Bay. We had walked from Fort William. At Kinlochbervie, we phoned re firing

activity, given all clear, but later reached fence with all red flags flying, so didn't

know what to believe/trust. Here in Northumberland at Otterburn, army take flags

down when not firing. We turned back, very disappointed. Went back next day as

someone at Sandwood said, they leave them up all time. So any notice should say

disregard red flags!

When I first visited in 2008, the MOD had erected a barbwire fence that stretched

for miles. Walkers approaching the Cape from Sandwood Bay have to get over

this fence! At the time, there were no crossing points. This may have change, but if

it hasn't, it's very important that it is addressed for those approaching Cape Wrath

from the South!

Walking and mountain bike paths/tracks along the coast. Plus links to Sandwood.

Bunkhouse facilities.

Everything about Cape Wrath is perfect. The ferry is reliable and safe, the ferryman

is a great guy. The mini-bus is exceptionally handy. DO NOT Close Cape Wrath off

to the public but please do not make it a tourist site. Do that and there will be a

Butlins, MacDonalds and lots of North Face clad idiots vandalising it and spoiling it.

Leave it all as it is. People who know Cape Wrath, people who go there


64

understand the rules of the area. There are no need for Bins, who will empty them?

People take their own rubbish. This is how it is and how it should be. Commercialise

Cape Wrath and you destroy it.

I run a b & b and guest do moan about no toilet facilities

Better co-ordination between ferry and minibus. More time to spend once there

(too quick turnaround). Too expensive for a family of four. Clearer timetabling.

Better shelter at the cape. THE WORLDS GREATEST COLLECTION OF DOG FAECES

WAS NOT ONE OF THE PUBLICISED ATTRACTIONS

Improved road for cyclists. The road surface was terrible.

guided walks / more time, earlier start & later finishing times

Less restrictions by the MoD!

8. If you have visited Cape Wrath, how would you describe your visit to other people?

tick all that apply

Fantastic 50%

'Must see' 42%

A disappointment 6%

Breath-taking 47%

Neutral 3%

So-so 6%

Don't bother 3%


How you feel at the end of a long walk - happy to arrive but a shame to have

finished!

enjoyed Kearvaig bothy (camping there) and mini bus ride to ferry

I love Cape Wrath, but it's not a faultless visit. The lighthouse grounds are falling

apart (walls tumbling down, buildings with missing roofs).The lack of toilets is THE

major issue with human excrement quite evident. The Lloyds buildings are probably

unstable. I'd like to see the residents of the Ozone cafe given financial help to

renovate the old power house.

I haven't visited yet

A place of natural beauty, away from the hell of city life. Accessible by those

whom love the outdoors and solidarity.

Amazing location but disappointing experience - deserves better

9. Are there any changes or developments to Cape Wrath that you would like to see in

the future?

Keep it wild and relatively inaccessible

Improved road surface. More frequent ferries

closely co-ordinated and reliable bus/ferry links

facilities - cafe - while waiting for ferry

Whatever is best for the Community?

A better organised and presented tour (possibly the introduction of some

competition if necessary to improve standards). The option to stay over there for

extended periods of time.

Secure the area for the residents of Durness

Keep it accessible!

Road improvement, toilet facilities at the Lighthouse and the Ferry point. Better

access to Kearvaig Cottage.

More shops selling local fresh food (a visit from the fish van was fabulous), fruit and

veg in the shop was poor quality though. Car fuel costs are high.

Community ownership


65

leave it alone, get the mod out

The poor control over the range warning flags was very annoying.

move out the military presence

no MOD /Nato activity !

keep it natural

For public access to remain

Toilets, Provision of emergency phone along road or mobile coverage should be

considered.

just do not take it away. preserve it!

No, keep it as it is.

More access

Yes MOD not restricting sailings & visits in holiday season

Public toilets. Bothy or 'wooden tents' Observation point with binoculars etc. Better

shelter. More 'joined up' service between operators

A better cafe

No/not applicable – 11 responses

10. Do you have anything else you would like to add about Cape Wrath?

Would be better in community ownership

better information about ferries and the road surface would be helpful

no

less MoD influence & more co-operation with bus / ferry

Cape Wrath brought me here but there was not enough to keep me in the area

for as long as I had planned.

You can't legislate for the weather, but we had planned to visit again when we

were in the area in May, but the weather conditions were against it.

No.

No

The future of Cape Wrath needs to be secured.

Cape Wrath is always part of my visit and an important factor. But the Durness

community and their hospitality also contribute a great deal to making every visit

remarkable!

A better organised and more efficient ferry and minibus service is a must if Cape

Wrath is to develop further. Rather than just talk about it and blame everything on

the military, the DDG must now act and put their words into action and improve

the Cape Wrath experience. Toilets at the Lighthouse should be essential and I do

not understand how one can run a Cafe without such facilities. The mess around

the Lighthouse and the general appearance of the the area, specifically the

Lloyds buildings, the dyke walls etc, all need to be repaired.

I am so thankful that Cape Wrath has been saved. It is a beautiful and inspiring

place. I look forward to supporting the local community in whatever approach

they decide to take in their bid for local ownership.

keep it open for public access

cape wrath is much more than a tour to the lighthouse

It would be much better without the army etc! Where else in Europe would you

find such a fantastic environment spoilt by a live firing range!

It's a fantastic area that should not be used for military exercises

A sign, informing the idiots the harm of leaving their rubbish in this beautiful are can

cause.

If the MOD has to stay bombing cliffs etc etc, they should make public access

clearer re notices and flying of flags


66

Better info from MOD regarding the firing range! Why should WE have to contact

THEM to find out of there is live firing going on at any given time. Surely it is their

responsibility to inform the public!!!

please dont ruin it!!

Keep it remote, keep it wild, keep it accessible

publicise your campaign to a much wider audience, get some high profile people

on board

It is an iconic place. Perceived as a wilderness some don’t want to see change,

others would welcome it.

Ask for donations. Offer people to purchase a bench in remembrance or a stone

Keep as it is. Visitors don't visit if it's the same as going to any popular place. We

want the quaintness and culture of the indigenous people.

Leave it as it is!

I got back from Cape Wrath 2 days ago. It is my second visit and it was just as

special and humbling as it was the first time. Do not close it to public access. Allow

the MOD to play their games there from time to time but do not close it. There are

not many places like it left.

It would be the saddest day for the North West if we can no longer have access.

Don't let the MOD buy the land if & when it comes up for sale. Also the mod should

be upgrading the road

Complete ownership by the MOD would not be in the public interest


67

APPENDIX FIVE

Post-Open Day Face-to-Face Visitor Interview (Carried out by local young people)

Total responses – 50

Figures quoted are numbers.

1. Are you primarily visiting Durness or Cape Wrath?

39 Visiting Durness

3 Visiting Cape Wrath

8 Visiting Both

2. How long are you staying for?

15 staying for a day or less

20 staying for under a week

10 staying for a week

3 staying for 2 weeks or more

3 undecided

1 staying for the whole Summer Season

3. Where are you from?

35 from the UK

14 from Europe excluding UK

1 from other (Australia)

4. Have you visited the area (or Cape Wrath) before?

Yes - 15

No - 35

5. During your current visit have you visited Cape Wrath/do you have any intention to

visit Cape Wrath? (If no skip to question 10)

Yes - 28

No - 22

6. If you could narrow it down, what single thing could you highlight that would have

improved your visit?

No bombing

Option to walk the whole way

More information

Toilets

A longer stay on the Cape side

Cheaper prices (family deals)

Improved road and a nicer cafe

3 people didn't know.


68

7. What feature(s) should not be changed if at all possible?

1 said the route, the lighthouse and the small road

3 said don't change a single thing.

7 said keep it remote, keep the wilderness and don't commercialise

8. There has been a suggestion of improvements to the area. Some of them are:

Which of these do you feel are desirable/necessary?

The suggested improvements (15 answered, 35 hadn't been)

Toilets: Yes: 13 No: 2

Bunkhouse: Yes: 10 No: 5

Tours: Yes: 9 No: 6

Tourist centre: Yes: 3 No: 12

Seating/Shelter at the jetty: Yes: 13 No: 2

Access to the top of the lighthouse: Yes: 12 No: 3

9. What comments do you have on the accessibility of Cape Wrath?

5 said it was easy, no problems

2 said needs to be advertised more (although mentioned throughout by many)

2 said it is fine as it is and is all part of the experience

Several individuals mentioned there is not enough info getting there, it is difficult to get

there from Durness; the road needs improved and the ferry needs to be more

frequent.

1 had no comment

10. During your visit to the area how much approximately do you spend per day on:

Listed below are a number of categories. Please write in approximately how much

individuals personally spent, in each of these categories today. Include any spending

on other members of their party (e.g. wife/husband, children etc.) for whom they have

paid.

See table below for results.


69

A - accommodation, M - meals, T - transport, TS - tourist shopping, E - Equipment, AF – admissions

Respondent Number in

party

Number of

nights

£

A

£

M

£

T

£

TS

£

E

£

AF

£

Other

£

Total

Spend

On day of

interview

1 1 1 night 10.50 3.75 3.50 4.00 21.75

2 1 2 weeks 50.00 20.00 30.00 20.00 120.00

3 1 3 nights 20.00 10.00 10.00 40.00 80.00

4 1 3 months 10.00 5.00 15.00

5 1 2 nights 17.50 1.80 16.00 35.30

6 1 3 weeks 25.00 10.00 5.00 40.00

7 1 2 weeks 7.50 7.50

8 1 1 week 4.50 4.50

9 1 1 week 70.00 30.00 10.00 6.00 116.00

10 1 1 night 18.00 5.00 4.50 5.00 32.50

11 2 undecided 17.00 3.00 10.00 30.00

12 2 1 week - 30.00 30.00 10.00 70.00

13 2 1 day 10.00 10.00

14 2 1 day 80.00 40.00 120.00

15 2 ½ day 20.00 20.00 40.00

16 2 ½ day 20.00 20.00 40.00

17 2 1 week 90.00 20.00 6.00 20.00 136.00

18 2 2 days 80.00 100 25.00 4.00 209.00

19 2 1 night 70.00 50.00 10.00 130.00

20 2 1 week 80.00 15.00 95.00

21 2 1 day 15.00 20.00 35.00

22 2 1 day 8.00 20.00 10.00 38.00

23 2 1 week 200.00 10.00 10.00 5.00 2.00 227.00

24 2 1 night 76.00 40.00 28.00 100.00 10.00 254.00


70

Respondent Number in

party

Number of

nights

£

A

£

M

£

T

£

TS

£

E

£

AF

£

Other

£

Total

Spend

On day of

interview

25 2 3 days 20.00 10.00 10.00 40.00

26 2 5 days 100.00 30.00 10.00 20.00 160.00

27 2 1 week 40.00 20.00 10.00 6.00 4.00 80.00

28 2 2 days 40.00 10.00 50.00 100.00

29 2 3 days 35.00 30.00 40.00 16.00 121.00

30 3 1 night 75.00 30.00 10.00 115.00

31 3 1 week 13.00 15.00 28.00

32 3 2 days 37.00 60.00 5.00 102.00

33 3 1 day 15.00 20.00 35.00

34 3 4 days 150.00 60.00 10.00 2.00 20.00 242.00

35 4 1 night 100.00 100.00 20.00 50.00 270.00

36 4 1 day 100.00 50.00 150.00

37 4 3 days 100.00 50.00 10.00 15.00 175.00

38 4 1 week 50.00 50.00 10.00 100.00 210.00

39 4 1 week 80.00 30.00 10.00 20.00 140.00

40 4 2 days 20.00 80.00 7.00 107.00

41 5 5 days 30.00 40.00 60.00 25.00 40.00 195.00

TOTAL - 1709.00 1258.55 365.00 642.00 57.00 145.00 0.00 £4176.55


71

11. Approximately, how much of this expenditure would you say you spent …

WRITE APPROXIMATE PERCENTAGE SPENT IN EACH AREA

%

In Durness/Cape Wrath area 100

Elsewhere

12. Considering the money is going back into the local economy and the

development of the area, what would encourage you to spend more?

19 said nothing

5 said tours

2 said boat trips

1 said a heritage centre

13. If you haven’t yet visited Cape Wrath, what is stopping you from visiting?

12 said the weather

11 said they are too busy and don't have the time

7 say they would go if they knew but it wasn't advertised well or they thought they

couldn't access it

4 said it was simply due to the ferry not going at the time they wanted to go over

2 said it was too expensive

2 said they had the children and 2 said they had a dog

1 said they weren't keen on the bus journey

1 said it was too far away and they had travelled enough

1 simply wasn't interested

14. What would make you decide to visit Cape Wrath?

12 said good weather

9 said knowing about it and that they could access it

6 said if they had time, but they wouldn't make time specifically for it

4 said if the ferry was going

1 said being able to stay longer on the cape (this was mentioned several times, that

people feel rushed)

1 said they would if they had the money, but the poster says it is £10 and doesn't

include the price of the bus so they think that should be changed

1 said if they were there without the kids

1 said if it was easier to access


72

APPENDIX SIX

Post-Open Day Face-to-Face Business Interview (carried out by young people)

The Durness Development group has located funding for some young people to work

with Highlands and Islands Enterprise Zone on their development plan for the Cape

Wrath area.

We are two of the four young people employed and are working on a survey of local

businesses with the aim of creating a report on the current economic importance of

Cape Wrath to the community and the potential impact that development of the

Cape could have on local businesses.

To start with could we ask how much you know already about the project? Obviously

we need to have a common understanding of the process before we discuss this with

you in detail.

From the consultation work that HISEZ has already performed a list of possible

improvements and development ideas has been drafted and we have this list with us

today.

*(share list of popular ideas from posters with business owner)*

Top 10 development options –

1. Toilets – overwhelming priority was on the Cape itself.

2. Combined dog waste and litter bins at Cape Wrath

3. Interpretation boards on flora/fauna/sealife/ history/area/shipping etc.

4. Improved ferry service (more reliable, earlier and later sailings, published accurate

timetable etc.)

5. Sheltered seating at Cape side and ferry side jetties

6. Co-ordinated ferry and bus service – times, tickets etc

7. Visitor access to lighthouse/lantern

8. Clean up human and dog excrement on the Cape and maintain general

cleanliness

9. Dedicated Cape Wrath website with up to date information on all services and

facilities on Cape Wrath.

10. Improved relationship with MoD

Q1. Type of business

Accommodation provider 3 B&Bs, 1 hotel, 1 youth hostel, 1 guest house

Convenience store 1

Restaurant 2

Cafe 1

Craft shop 2

Other Bookshop


73

Q2. Could you give us a rough estimate of the percentage of your customer base that

is attracted to the area by Cape Wrath?

Accommodation - averaged around 60%

Convenience store – 70%

Restaurant – average 65%

Cafe - 5%

Craft shop - lots/ large amount

Q3. Which of the top 10 development options would have the greatest economic

impact on the area?

Accommodation - around 90% said yes or probably

Convenience store - yes

Restaurant - yes

Cafe - no

Craft shop - yes

Other - Lots of people said that publicity would be essential in this.

Q4. Which of these do you think would be most beneficial to your business

specifically?

1. Toilets (7)

2. Combined dog waste and litter bins at Cape Wrath (0)

3. Interpretation boards on flora/fauna/sealife/ history/area/shipping etc.(0)

4. Improved ferry service (more reliable, earlier and later sailings, published

accurate timetable etc.) (1)

5. Sheltered seating at Cape side and ferry side jetties (2)

6. Co-ordinated ferry and bus service – times, tickets etc (5)

7. Visitor access to lighthouse/lantern (1)

8. Clean up human and dog excrement on the Cape and maintain general

cleanliness (1)

9. Dedicated Cape Wrath website with up to date information on all services and

facilities on Cape Wrath. (6)

10. Improved relationship with MoD (0

Q5. Would you need to expand your business in order to accommodate an increase in

the number of customers?

Accommodation - most B&Bs said that they would need to expand, but that they

wouldn't want to.

Convenience store - no

Restaurant - maybe

Craft shop - possible increase in production.

Q6. If so how would you need to expand?

Most said they would not want to expand.

Restaurant – would need to take on more staff


74

Q7. What effects do you see the development of Cape Wrath having on the tourist

season if any?

Vast majority said they wouldn't expect a change, those who did said it would be

reliant on the ferry and busses running, and a possible negotiation with the MoD.

Q8. How would an increase in the length of the tourist season effect your business?

(Positive/Negative based on overheads?)

Most said that an increase in customers at the beginning/end of the current season

would be beneficial.

Q9. Based on the development opportunities for Cape Wrath/extended tourist

season/more visitors that have been suggested, what percentage change in turnover

would you expect?

Accommodation - most businesses are fully booked most of the time anyway, and said

that it could make a slight difference.

Convenience store - not directly

Restaurant - not directly somewhere around 20%

Craft shop - relationship directly proportion for number of visitors/sales

Q10. Does your business carry any information on the trips to Cape Wrath, such as

leaflets timetables etc?

Yes – 7

No - 3

One used to have info on their own leaflets, but when taken off Cape Wrath website

they got rid of this.

Most B&Bs said that they had to chase down the information, leaflets weren't given out

as often as they would like, and didn't have pricing info, etc

Q11. If not, would you consider carrying such information?

Most said yes.

Suggestion of information at craft village green.

Q12. Does your business provide information and services online, such as a website,

advertising or online booking?

Accommodation - 6/6

Convenience store -

Restaurant - both have online presence.

Cafe - website, social media

Craft shop - one came off Durness website due to cost. Social media

If Y then What percentage of your revenue comes from such avenues?

Accommodation - about 70% booked online

Restaurant – 30%

Q13. Are there any problems with conducting business online that you think should be

considered if a website was to be created for Cape Wrath?


75

Most said that up to date information was important, often suggesting a blog on

weather conditions. Others suggested that tide/weather unpredictability would mean

that a timetable would be difficult. Many also said that it would be difficult to get the

ferry and bus services to collaborate.

Advertising for other businesses could be a source of funding, and would be important

to maintain relationships with other businesses.

Q14. Do you think that these changes/ developments on Cape Wrath will improve or

detract from your business over all?

Most didn't expect them to have much effect on their businesses, but said that they

would improve if anything.

Keen that no public funded food/drink operations would take place.

Q15. Is there anything else you have to say, any ideas for development etc. that we

have not covered?

Everything could be could be improved, but the necessity of improvements is

questionable. Seeing lighthouse could be very influential.

Information at Smoo cave

More professional service.

Thank you for participating in this, we are aware of how valuable your time is and are

sure that the feed back we’ve collected will be of great help to the project. HISEZ will

be feeding back to DDG the results of the consultation in mid-August.


76

APPENDIX SEVEN

Stakeholders interviewed and/or invited to the Open Day. Those interviewed are

marked as such below. All stakeholders were personally invited to attend the Open

Day, and given contact details to get in touch if they were unable to attend but

wished to input to the work.

Balnakeil Farm

Cape Wrath Challenge - interviewed

Cape Wrath Trail - interviewed

Community Council - interviewed

Councillors for NW Sutherland ward

CVS North

Cycling trip companies and wildlife tour companies – interviewed (2)

Durness Development Group - interviewed

Durness Grazings Committee

Eriboll Estate

Golf Club

Highland Council (Various services) – interviewed (3)

Highland Gathering Committee

Highlands and Islands Enterprise - interviewed

Historic Scotland - interviewed

James Mather – bus operator - interviewed

John Morrison –ferry provider - interviewed

John Muir Trust - interviewed

Kenny Macrae

Keoldale Sheep Stock Club

Laid Grazings Committee

Ministry of Defence - interviewed

Northern Lighthouse Board - interviewed

NW Highland Geopark

Ozone Café - interviewed

Random selection of local businesses - cafes, accommodation providers, local

shops – interviewed (12)

Scottish Natural Heritage - interviewed

Village Hall committee

VisitScotland - interviewed

outline development plan for cape wrath · outline development plan for cape wrath table of...

Documents