outcome5
DESCRIPTION
5TRANSCRIPT
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Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition
Communication Technology
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Which Network Do I Use?
Interbus S
Device Net
Echelon
Profibus
Ethernet
Seriplex
CAN
SDS
ASI
Modbus Plus
•Seriplex FAQ •CAN FAQ •Interbus S FAQ•IBS club•WorldFIP•LON works•Modbus
•Fieldbus compare•Honeywell •Control competition
Modbus
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What is a Network ? A group of devices physically connected together for the
purpose of sharing information, resources and a common transmission medium.
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Why do you need a network? Control the flow of information
• security, accessibility, data control Centralize resources
• save cost on local work stations and peripherals Simplify data / software management
• Backups, IS maintenance• Share information with multiple users
Distribute tasks• reduce local need CPU power
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What makes a network work ? Computers, printers …... Network interface cards Network adapter Software drivers Network Cabling Network protocols
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Master / Slave(Similar to the teacher- student relationship)
Peer to Peer(Similar to the workgroup concept)
Client / Server(Similar to an automated teller transaction)
The Basic Types of Networks
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Slave SlaveSlave
Master
Master / Slave Network Central Control and Administration Central Processing of Information Polling of Stations
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Peer To Peer Network Distributed Administration Independent Processing of Information Shared Transmission Medium
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Client / Server Network Central Network Administrator Controlled Flow of Information Independent Processing of Information Shared Transmission Medium
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Physical Medium
Network
Transport
Session
Presentation
Application
Datalink Layer
Layers Designedfor Data Processing
Layers Designedfor Communications
How is a network put together ? The OSI model uses 7 layers to categorized the main
elements of a basic network
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Physical Medium
Network
Transport
Session
Presentation
Application
Datalink Layer
Physical Medium
Network
Transport
Session
Presentation
Application
Datalink Layer
OSI Model Layers A Model is used to ensure Compatibility Each station utilizes the same Protocol Stack
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Physical Medium
Network
Transport
Session
PresentationApplication
Datalink Layer
Physical Medium
Network
Transport
Session
PresentationApplication
Datalink Layer
OSI Model: Flow of Data Logical Structure Data Multiplexing
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Physical Medium
Network
Transport
Session
Presentation
Application
Datalink Layer
Software Layers
Hardware Layers
Hardware / Software integration The upper five layers are implemented with software The lower two layers are implemented with hardware
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Physical Medium
Network
Transport
Session
Presentation
Application
Datalink Layer
Twisted Pair/ Fiber Optics
Internet Protocol
Transmission Control
Application
CSMA - CD
OSI Model vs. Ethernet -TCP/IP Ethernet does not incorporate all 7 layers because it’s
development predated the OSI model
CDMA/CD – Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection
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Physical Medium
Network
Transport
Session
Presentation
Application
Datalink Layer
Multiple Mediums
Application
ASIC Dependent
OSI Model vs. Field Bus Model The typical field bus only utilizes 3 layers. The functions
of the other layers are either built into the ASIC chip or the application layer
ASIC - Application-Specific Integrated Circuit
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What is common to all networks ? Application message - dependent on software package
• The message is created by the application package Media Access Control
• The procedure for sharing the physical medium Logical Topology
• The associations between the devices Physical Topology
• The layout of all the device connections Transmission Mediums
• The physical path used between the devices
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Jacket of PVC or Teflon
Jacket made of PVC or Teflon
Various Transmission Mediums
Coaxial Cable
Twisted Pair
Optical Fiber
Wireless
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Basic Physical Topologies Bus Topology Star Topology Ring Topology Free Topology Hybrid Topology
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Bus Architecture Topology Single Channel - Broadcast oriented
• More delicate to maintain signal integrity based on cable selection, distance and drops/taps
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Star Architecture Topology Central Hub
• multi-port repeater– Loose star = lost network
• channel selecting switch
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Token Ring
Ring Architecture Topology Each device is a repeater
• Loose node= broken ring
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Free Topology Devices are wired in any combination of topologies Usually requires one terminator
term
. BusLoop
Star
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X25Phone System
Hybrid Architecture Topology Non-rooted Tree Architecture (ex.- Internet)
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Network Extenders Repeater and Hub Bridge Router Gateway
Repeater and Hub
Bridge
RouterGateway
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Physical Medium
Network
Transport
Session
Presentation
Application
Datalink Layer
Physical Medium Physical Medium
Network
Transport
Session
Presentation
Application
Datalink Layer
Physical Medium
Physical Layer Network Extenders Repeater or Hub
• Active repeaters regenerate the signal (store and forward)• Passive repeater amplifies the signal; adds no latency
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Physical Medium
Network
Transport
Session
Presentation
Application
Datalink Layer
Physical Medium
Data Link LayerPhysical Medium
Network
Transport
Session
Presentation
Application
Datalink Layer
Physical Medium
Data Link Layer
Data Link Layer Network Extenders Bridge or Level 2 Switch
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Physical Medium
Network
Transport
Session
Presentation
Application
Datalink Layer
Physical Medium
Network
Data Link LayerPhysical Medium
Network
Transport
Session
Presentation
Application
Datalink Layer
Physical Medium
Network
Data Link Layer
Network Layer Network Extenders Router or Level 3 Switch
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Physical Medium
Network
Transport
Session
Presentation
Application
Datalink Layer
Application
Physical Medium
Network
Transport
Session
Presentation
Application
Datalink Layer
Application
Application Layer Network Extenders Gateway
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Logical Terminology & Topologies Node Segment / Channel Subnet Network Domain System
Node
Bridge
Gateway
Domain A Domain B
Router
Network A
Network B
RouterSubnet
Segment
Subnet
Segment
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A Node A collection of SW objects that communicate over a
network based upon a single hardware ID. A physical device may contain one or more nodes
• Example - a router
Node
Node IDParameters
Data
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Segment
Node
NodeNodeNodeNodeNode
Segment / Channel One or more nodes electrically connected to a continuous
section of a transmission media May include the trunk line, drop line, multi-port taps and
other cable components.
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Subnetwork (Subnet) One or more nodes sharing a common protocol and a
media access arbitration method May contain multiple segments
Subnet
Segment
Segment
Segment
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Network
Network One or more subnets using a common network level
protocol where each hardware ID is unique on the network
May contain multiple subnets
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Domain One or more networks where each network has a unique
ID within the domain May contain a variety of network types connected
together with gateways and routers
Domain
GatewayNetworkRouter
Network
Network
Network
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System
System One or more Domains
Domain
Domain
Domain
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Basic Media Access Control MethodsTime Division AccessPolled AccessToken AccessCarrier Sense Multiple Access
NODE #2 NODE #5NODE #12 NODE #10Token
How will they share the common media ?
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Time Division Access Utilizes a master clock Each device is assigned a slice of time
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Polled Access Utilizes one device as a master Other devices a considered slave devices The master requests information from each slave The slave responds to the request
DP-
Slav
e
imm
edia
tere
spon
se
Slav
e
Mas
ter
Header Input Data Trailer
Trailer Output Data Header
Request Frame
Response Frame
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Token Access Every device is considered equal A token is used to administer access rights The token is passed logically among the devices Requests are initialized when a device possess the token
NODE #2 NODE #5NODE #12 NODE #10Token
Message
MessageMessageMessage Message
MessageToken
Token Token Token Token Token
Token
Token
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Carrier Sense Multiple Access No priority is assigned to the devices All the devices contend for access Messages are only sent if the shared media is not in use
NODE #2 NODE #5NODE #12 NODE #10Message
MessageMessageMessage Message
Message Message
MessageMessageMessage
Message
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Multiple Mediums & Physical Topologies
Application: message specifications
Various Media Access Methods: ASIC Dependent
Typical Automation Field Bus Model The typical field bus only utilizes 3 layers. The functions
of the other layers are either built into the ASIC chip or the application layer
The application layer will characterize the overall function of the field bus or the network.
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Basic Types of Automation Networks Data Network Control Network Device Bus / Field Bus Sensor / Actuator Bus
Operations Level
Management Level
System Level (Cell)
Process Level
Sensor / Actuator Level
Control Network
Data Network
Device Bus / Field Bus
Sensor/Actuator Bus
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Network Levels - Typical Applications
Level 2
Level 1
Level 0.5
Level 0
Host
HMI ControllerPeer
IntelligentDevices
Pusbutton Sensor
Level 2: Hosts• Recipe data downloads• Production data uploads• Application programming and
management Level 1: Control
• Peer to peer data • HMI displays
Level 0.5: I/O• I/O racks and blocks• Intelligent devices
– Variable frequency drives– Process valves– Power meters– Complex Sensors
Level 0: Devices• Pushbuttons / Simple sensors
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Network Levels - Transmission Characteristics Level 2: Hosts
• Data: blocks or files• Frequency: seconds to minutes• Distance: LAN / WAN / Internet
Level 1: Control• Data: words or blocks• Frequency: 50 to 500 Milliseconds• Distance: 300m
Level 0.5: I/O• Data: bytes or words• Frequency: 20 to 100 Milliseconds• Distance: 300m
Level 0: Devices• Data: bits• Frequency: 5 to 50 Milliseconds• Distance: 30m
Level 2
Level 1
Level 0.5
Level 0
Host
HMI ControllerPeer
IntelligentDevices
Pusbutton Sensor
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Communication Network Levels
Data NetworkInformation Level( Level 2 )
Control NetworkWord Level( Level 1 )
Device / Field BusByte & Word Level( Level 0.5 )
Sensor/ Actuator BusBit Level( Level 0 )
Ethernet TCP/IPToken ring
Modbus PlusFIPWayDevice NetEthernet TCP/IP
Remote I/OInterbus ™Profibus DP ™DeviceNet ™ Lonworks ™Fip IO ™
Lonworks ™Seriplex ™ASi ™
File Transfers
Data TransferProgram
DiscreteAnalogSet PointsWords
DiscreteLimited Analog
Level Network Name Information Type
* ™ is a trade mark
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Automation & Control System Hierarchy Automation and control systems can incorporate them all
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Sensor / Actuator Bus Sensor Actuator Buses are bit level oriented
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Sensor / Actuator Bus
LONworks
16-100 ms64 nodes
32385500m
228 bytesHighHighLarge
SpeedNodes
DistanceMessage SizeNode CostInstalled CostPhysical Size
ASi5ms
31 nodes31
100m4 bitsLowLowSmall
Seriplex0.7ms
64 nodes510
1500m1 bitLowLowSmall
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Controller Network Interface Module
PushButtons
PilotLights
ActuatorsValves
ASi power supply 24 V DC
Distribution Module
I/O Module
ASI Communication Network Master - Slave Network – polled media access method Utilizes a special 2 conductor cable for data and power Data size - 4 bits 31 maximum slave devices on the bus
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PushButtons
PilotLights
ActuatorsValves
Controller / Network Interface Module24 VDC power supply
Seriplex Communication Network Master - slave or peer to peer network type Time division media access control - 100kHz clock Special 4 conductor cable - clock, power, data, common Clock pulse number equals address
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Device / Field Bus Device Buses incorporate intelligent devices
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Device / Field Bus
Profibus-DP
10 ms32 nodes
321200m
246 bytesMedium
HighLarge
SpeedNodesMax nodesDistanceMessage SizeNode CostInstalled CostPhysical Size
Interbus S
4 ms256 nodes
N/A13km
MediumLow
Medium
Device Net(CAN)
10-52 ms64 nodes
64250m
8 bytesMedium
HighMedium
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T/C, RTD, Servo, Barcode, RF Tag
Quantum Controller Compact 984 I/O Modules
PC based Operator Control Station
NOA 611 Interface
Third Party Products
Terminal I/O Modules
BDEA 202Interface
Interbus Network Many third party suppliers Large physical topology 12km Price competitive
Loss of device or connection disables complete system
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InterBus-S Strong points
• High performance I/O exchanges, deterministic protocol
– Approx. 7 ms for 128 devices with 32 I/O (2048 input bits, 2048 output bits)
– Built-in reflex functions
• Standardized profiles , interoperability, unique installation tool : CMD tool, product catalogue
• Different physical layers (loop sensor )
• Activation / deactivation segment
• Fault localization
Weak points• Low performance message
handling– Adapted to parameter
setting only. 1 to 8 words per device and per bus cycle
– No slave to slave communication
• No diffusion (variable or message handling)
• One level of priority for cyclic variables
• No downgrade mode– The bus stops in the event
of a fault on the device– When the bus restarts,
the following devices cannot be accessed
• DIN standard– Similar to Phoenix Contact
strategy (components, policies, etc)
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ActuatorsValves
Controller / Network Interface
24 VDC power supply
PushButtons
I/O Module Drives
MO DIC O N
I/O Module
DeviceNet Communication Network Limited physical topology 500m
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Terminal I/O Modules
up to 1200m distance
Direct connection to third party products
Controller / NetworkInterface Module
Computer / NetworkInterface Module
Controller / NetworkInterface Module
ProfiBus DP Network Large physical topology 24km
(fiber) Difficult to configure and
maintain; needs multiple software pieces
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MO D IC O N MO DIC O N
Lighting Assemblies Switch
I/O Modules
Photo Sensor
ProgrammableController
Computer
LONWorks Communication Network Free topology and highly
flexible Large number of nodes
32000/domain
Slower cycle times
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Control Networks Control Networks require critical performance
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Control Networks
SpeedNodesDistanceMessage SizeNode CostInstalled CostPhysical Size
Modbus Plus20k reg/sec
6413km
100 registersMedium
LowMedium
FIPWAY10-80 ms
321000m
128 bytesMedium
HighLarge
Modbus Plus FIPWAY
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ModConnect
984 ControllerQuantum ControllerCompact 984 Controller
Operator Control Station
Terminal I/O Modules
Third PartyProducts
Modbus Plus Network
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Modbus Plus excellent performance Predictable performance As fast as hardwired I/O
• Typical token rotation time of 2 milliseconds per node
• Maximum network throughput of 20,000 registers/Sec
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
2 4 10 20 30
Network Throughput
Nodes
Reg/Sec per Node
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Data Networks Data Networks extend the information capabilities
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Data Networks
NodesMax NodesDistanceMessage SizeNode CostInstalled CostPhysical Size
Ethernet
8 - 24 nodes/hubUnlimited
100 m (node to hub)Unlimited
LowDepends on Extent of Network
World Wide
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Ethernet Backbone
Hub
Laptop Hub
QuantumEthernet
Offices
PlantFloor
QuantumEthernet
10Base-T
10Base-T
Ethernet Data Network
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Important Application Information
Number of nodes (I/O points) required. Distance between I/O points. Overall network distance. Data throughput required. Preferred PLC Controllers being utilized Bit level traffic quantity Word level traffic quantity Preferred Media (coax, fiber, twisted pair,…..) Maintenance preferences Greenfield installation Installed base Preferred vender list