out-of-order parallel simulation of systemc models...
TRANSCRIPT
Out-of-Order Parallel Simulation of SystemC Models on Many-Core Platforms
UNSW, 2 March 2016
(c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 1
Out-of-Order Parallel Simulationof SystemC Models
on Many-Core Platforms
Presentation at UNSW, 2 March 2016
Rainer Dömer, Guantao Liu, Tim Schmidt{doemer,guantaol,schmidtt}@uci.edu
Center for Embedded and Cyber-Physical Systems
University of California, Irvine
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 2
• Electronic System Level Models– Abstract description of a complete system
– Hardware + Software
• Key Concepts in System Modeling – Explicit Structure
• Block diagram structure
• Connectivity through ports
– Explicit Hierarchy• System composed of components
– Explicit Concurrency• Potential for parallel execution
• Potential for pipelined execution
– Explicit Communication and Computation• Modules
• Channels and Interfaces
Project Context: ESL Design
B0 B1
B2 B3
SystemC Model
Out-of-Order Parallel Simulation of SystemC Models on Many-Core Platforms
UNSW, 2 March 2016
(c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 2
Project Context: ESL Design
• Model Validation through Simulation!– Efficient system-level simulation is critical
• Fast, and
• Accurate!
– Complexity of system models grows constantly• Need for speed!
• Parallel Simulation!– Parallelism explicitly specified in model
• System-level Description Language (SLDL)– SystemC [Groetker et. al, 2002]: SC_THREAD, SC_METHOD
– SpecC [Gajski et. al, 2000]: par { }, pipe { }
– Parallel processing available in standard PCs• Multi-core host PCs readily available
• Many-core technology is arriving
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 3
Project Context: Related Work
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 4
Discrete Event Simulation is slow
Modeling Techniques•Transaction-level modeling (TLM).•TLM temporal decoupling.•Savoiu et al. [MEMOCODE’05]•Razaghi et al.[ASPDAC’12]
Hardware-based Acceleration•Sirowy et al. [DAC’10]•Nanjundappa et al. [ASPDAC’10]•Sinha et al. [ASPDAC’12]
SMP Parallel Simulation•Fujimoto. [CACM’90]•Chopard et al. [ICCS’06]•Ezudheen et al. [PADS’09]•Mello et al. [DATE’10]•Schumacher et al. [CODES’11]•Chen et al. [IEEED&T’11]•Yun et al. [TCAD’12]
Distributed Simulation•Chandy et al. [TSE’79]•Huang et al. [SIES’08]•Chen et al. [CECS’11]
Out-of-Order Parallel Simulation of SystemC Models on Many-Core Platforms
UNSW, 2 March 2016
(c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 3
Project with Intel: Key Points
• Advanced Parallel SystemC Simulation– Out-of-Order PDES on many-core host platforms
– Maximum compliance with current execution semantics
– Support for parallel execution of virtual platforms
• Introduction of a Dedicated SystemC Compiler– Recoding Infrastructure for SystemC (RISC)
– Advanced static analysis for parallel execution
– Model instrumentation and code generation
• Parallel SystemC Core Library– Out-of-order parallel scheduler, multi-thread safe primitives
– Many-core target platform (e.g. Intel® Xeon Phi™)
• Open Source– Collaboration with Accellera SystemC Language WG
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 5
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 6
Outline
• Advanced Parallel SystemC Simulation– Traditional Discrete Event Simulation (DES)
– Parallel Discrete Event Simulation (PDES)
– Out-of-Order Parallel Discrete Event Simulation (OoO PDES)
• Project Overview– SystemC Compiler and Parallel Simulation Kernel
• Recoding Infrastructure for SystemC (RISC), Segment Graph
• Out-of-order parallel thread scheduling, many-core platforms
– Demo and Experimental Results• Embedded application: Conceptual DVD player
• Highly parallel application: Mandelbrot renderer
– Prototype Implementation• Open source alpha release available
• Concluding Remarks
Out-of-Order Parallel Simulation of SystemC Models on Many-Core Platforms
UNSW, 2 March 2016
(c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 4
Out-of-Order PDES Technology
SystemC Simulation must be Fast and Accurate!
• Traditional Discrete Event Simulation (DES)– Reference simulators run sequentially, only one thread at a time
(cooperative multi-threading model)
– Cannot utilize the capabilities of multi- or many-core hosts
• Parallel Discrete Event Simulation (PDES)– Threads run in parallel (if at the same delta cycle and time)
– Simulation-cycles are absolute barriers!
Out-of-order Parallel DE Simulation (OoO PDES)– Threads run in parallel and out-of-order [DATE’12, TCAD’14]
even in different delta and time cycles if there are no conflicts!
– Aggressive, runs maximum number of threads in parallel,but fully preserves DES semantics and model accuracy!
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 7
Discrete Event Simulation (DES)
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 8
10:010:1
10:2
20:120:0
20:2
30:0
0:0T:Δth4th2 th3th1• Traditional DES
– Concurrent threads of execution
– Managed by a central scheduler
– Driven by events and time advances• Delta-cycle
• Time-cycle
Partial temporal order with barriers
• Standard Simulator– SystemC reference simulator
uses cooperative multi-threading
A single thread is active at any time!
Cannot exploit parallelism
Cannot utilize multiple cores
Out-of-Order Parallel Simulation of SystemC Models on Many-Core Platforms
UNSW, 2 March 2016
(c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 5
Parallel Discrete Event Simulation (PDES)
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 9
10:010:1
10:2
20:120:0
20:2
30:0
0:0T:Δth4th2 th3th1• Parallel DES
– Threads execute in parallel iff• in the same delta cycle, and
• in the same time cycle
Significant speed up!
– Synchronous PDES:Cycle boundaries areabsolute barriers!
• Aggressive Parallel DES– Conservative Approaches
• Careful static analysis prevents conflicts
– Optimistic Approaches• Conflicts are detected and addressed
(roll back)
Out-of-Order PDES Technology
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 10
10:010:1
10:2
20:120:0
20:2
30:0
0:0T:Δth4th2 th3th1• Out-of-Order Parallel DES
Breaks synchronization barrier!
– Threads execute in parallel iff• in the same delta cycle, and
• in the same time cycle,
• OR if there are no conflicts!
Allows as many threads in parallelas possible
Significantly higher speedup!• Results at [DATE’12], [IEEE TCAD’14]
Advanced compiler fully preserves…DES execution semantics
Accuracy in results and timing
Out-of-Order Parallel Simulation of SystemC Models on Many-Core Platforms
UNSW, 2 March 2016
(c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 6
Out-of-Order PDES Technology
• OoO PDES Key Ideas1. Dedicated SystemC compiler with advanced model analysis
Static conflict analysis based on Segment Graphs
2. Parallel simulator with out-of-order scheduling on many cores Fast decision making at run-time, optimized mapping
• Fundamental Data Structure: Segment Graph– Key to semantics-compliant out-of-order execution [DATE’12]
– Key to prediction of future thread state [DATE’13]• “Optimized Out-of-Order Parallel DE Simulation Using Predictions”
– Key to May-Happen-in-Parallel Analysis [DATE’14]• “May-Happen-in-Parallel Analysis based on Segment Graphs
for Safe ESL Models“ (Best Paper Award)
– Journal publication: “OoO PDES for TLM” [IEEE TCAD’14]• Comprehensive article with HybridThreads extension
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 11
Project Overview and Tool Flow
• Research and Development Tasks1) Dedicated SystemC compiler
(RISC compiler)
2) Parallel SystemCsimulator
3) Performance tuningfor many‐core hosts
4) Virtual Platform (VP)integration
5) Model analysis(may-happen-in-parallel, MHP)
6) Model recoding,transformationand optimization
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 12
SystemCModel
SystemCCompiler
RISC
C++ Compiler
ParallelExecutable
ParallelC++ Model
ParallelSimulation
VPEngine
VirtualPlatformLibrary
VP-basedPrototyping
Many-CoreHost Platform
MHP Analysis
ToolsRISC
MHP Analysis
ToolsRISC
ModelAnalysis
ReportsReportsReports
MHP Analysis
ToolsRISC
RecodingTools
RISC
RecodingTools
RISC
RefinedSystemC
Model
ModelTransformation
andOptimization
RecodingTools
RISCParallel
SystemCLibrary
ParallelSystemCHeaders
Out-of-Order Parallel Simulation of SystemC Models on Many-Core Platforms
UNSW, 2 March 2016
(c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 7
Project Status after Year 1 of 3
• Research and Development Tasks CompletedY1 Dedicated SystemC compiler
(RISC compiler)
Y1 Parallel SystemCsimulator
Y1 Performance tuningfor many‐core hosts
Y2 Virtual Platform (VP)integration
Y3 Model analysis(may-happen-in-parallel, MHP)
Y3 Model recoding,transformationand optimization
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 13
SystemCModel
SystemCCompiler
RISC
C++ Compiler
ParallelExecutable
ParallelC++ Model
ParallelSimulation
VPEngine
VirtualPlatformLibrary
VP-basedPrototyping
Many-CoreHost Platform
MHP Analysis
ToolsRISC
MHP Analysis
ToolsRISC
ModelAnalysis
ReportsReportsReports
MHP Analysis
ToolsRISC
RecodingTools
RISC
RecodingTools
RISC
RefinedSystemC
Model
ModelTransformation
andOptimization
RecodingTools
RISCParallel
SystemCLibrary
ParallelSystemCHeaders
Dedicated SystemC Compiler
• RISC Software Stack Recoding Infrastructure for SystemC
– C/C++ foundation
– ROSE compiler infrastructure
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 14
RISC
C/C++ Foundation
ROSE IR
• ROSE Internal Representation
• Explicit support for
• Source code analysis
• Source-to-source transformations
Out-of-Order Parallel Simulation of SystemC Models on Many-Core Platforms
UNSW, 2 March 2016
(c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 8
Dedicated SystemC Compiler
• RISC Software Stack Recoding Infrastructure for SystemC
– SystemC InternalRepresentation
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 15
RISC
C/C++ Foundation
ROSE IR
SystemC IR
• Class hierarchy to representSystemC objects
Dedicated SystemC Compiler
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 16
RISC
Segment Graph
C/C++ Foundation
ROSE IR
SystemC IR
• RISC Software Stack Recoding Infrastructure for SystemC
1) Segment Graph construction
2) Segment conflict analysis
Compilation,Simulation
SystemC Compiler
RISCsystemc.h
Model.cpp
Segment GraphConstruction
Parallel AccessConflict Analysis
…Model
_par.cpp
SystemC Model ParallelC++ Model
Seg 2
Seg 1
Seg 3
Seg 4 Seg 5
Seg 6
Segment Graph
Step 1: Build a Segment Graph
Out-of-Order Parallel Simulation of SystemC Models on Many-Core Platforms
UNSW, 2 March 2016
(c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 9
Dedicated SystemC Compiler
• Segment Graph– Segment Graph is a directed graph
• Nodes: Segments
Code statements executedbetween two scheduling steps
– Expression statements
– Control flow statements (if, while, …)
– Function calls
• Edges: Segment boundaries
Primitives that trigger scheduler entry– wait(event)
– wait(time)
Segment Graph can be constructed staticallyby the compiler from the model source code
• (see example on next slide)
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 17
Seg 2
Seg 1
Seg 3
Seg 4 Seg 5
Seg 6
Segment Graph
Dedicated SystemC Compiler
• Segment Graph Construction– Example: Source code and Segment Graph
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 18
int a;
if(cond) {
int b;
wait(1);
int c;
} else {
int d;
}
int e;
wait(2);
int f;
while(cond) {
int g;
}
int h;
int a;conditionint b;int d;int e;
int c;int e;
int f;conditionint g;int h
Out-of-Order Parallel Simulation of SystemC Models on Many-Core Platforms
UNSW, 2 March 2016
(c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 10
Dedicated SystemC Compiler
• Segment Graph Construction:– Support for straight-line code
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 19
void straight(){
x = 42;int xx = 43;int yy;yy;int o = y;
wait(10, SC_NS);
wait();
int kk;
wait();
int oo;}
Segment ID: 0
input_straight.cpp:24 (this) -> x = 42
input_straight.cpp:25 int xx = 43;
input_straight.cpp:26 int yy;
input_straight.cpp:27 yy
input_straight.cpp:28 int o =(this) -> y;
Segment ID: 1 (input_straight.cpp:30)
Segment ID: 2 (input_straight.cpp:32)
input_straight.cpp:34 int kk;
Segment ID: 3 (input_straight.cpp:37)
input_straight.cpp:39 int oo;
Dedicated SystemC Compiler
• Segment Graph Construction:– Support for conditional statements if, if-else, switch-case
(with break)
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 20
void if_statement(){
wait();int aaa;if(test) {
int bbb;wait();int ccc;
}int ddd;wait();int eee;
}
Segment ID: 0
Segment ID: 1 (input_if_else.cpp:27)
compilerGenerated:0 (this) -> test
input_if_else.cpp:34 int ddd;
input_if_else.cpp:28 int aaa;
input_if_else.cpp:30 int bbb;
Segment ID: 2 (input_if_else.cpp:31)
input_if_else.cpp:32 int ccc;
input_if_else.cpp:34 int ddd;
Segment ID: 3 (input_if_else.cpp:35)
input_if_else.cpp:36 int eee;
Out-of-Order Parallel Simulation of SystemC Models on Many-Core Platforms
UNSW, 2 March 2016
(c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 11
Dedicated SystemC Compiler
• Segment Graph Construction:– Support for loop statements while, do-while, for
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 21
void while_statement(){
wait();int kk;while(test) {
int aa;wait();int bb;
}int cc;wait();int dd;
}
Segment ID: 0
Segment ID: 1 (input_while.cpp:13)
input_while.cpp:14 int kk;
compilerGenerated:0 (this) -> test
input_while.cpp:16 int aa;
input_while.cpp:20 int cc;
Segment ID: 2 (input_while.cpp:17)
input_while.cpp:18 int bb;
compilerGenerated:0 (this) -> test
input_while.cpp:16 int aa;
input_while.cpp:20 int cc;
Segment ID: 3 (input_while.cpp:21)
input_while.cpp:22 int dd;
Dedicated SystemC Compiler
• Segment Graph Construction:– Support for loop statements while, do-while, for
(with break, continue)
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 22
void while_continue_statement(){
int kk;while(test){
int aa;wait();int bb;if(test1) {
continue;}int oo;wait();int cc;
}int dd;wait();
} Segment ID: 3 (input_while_continue.cpp:62)
Segment ID: 0
input_while_continue.cpp:49 int kk;
compilerGenerated:0 (this) -> test
input_while_continue.cpp:51 int aa;
input_while_continue.cpp:61 int dd;
Segment ID: 2 (input_while_continue.cpp:58)
input_while_continue.cpp:59 int cc;
compilerGenerated:0 (this) ->; test
input_while_continue.cpp:51 int aa;
input_while_continue.cpp:61 int dd;
Segment ID: 1 (input_while_continue.cpp:52)
input_while_continue.cpp:53 int bb;
compilerGenerated:0 (this) -> test1
input_while_continue.cpp:55 continue;
input_while_continue.cpp:57 int oo;
compilerGenerated:0 (this) -> test
input_while_continue.cpp:51 int aa;
input_while_continue.cpp:61 int dd;
Out-of-Order Parallel Simulation of SystemC Models on Many-Core Platforms
UNSW, 2 March 2016
(c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 12
Dedicated SystemC Compiler
• Segment Graph Construction:– Support for function calls f(x), return
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 23
int g1(){
int g_0;wait();int g_1 = 33;if(g_1 == 88) {
int g_2;wait();int g_3 = 44;return 43;int DEAD_CODE;
}int g_4;wait();int g_5;wait();int g_6;int return_value = 2;return return_value;
}
Segment ID: 1 (input_function_calls.cpp:152)
input_function_calls.cpp:153 int bb;
input_function_calls.cpp:154 (this) -> g1();
input_function_calls.cpp:162 int g_0;
Segment ID: 2 (input_function_calls.cpp:163)
input_function_calls.cpp:164 int g_1 = 33;
input_function_calls.cpp:166 g_1 == 88
input_function_calls.cpp:167 int g_2;
input_function_calls.cpp:173 int g_4;
Segment ID: 3 (input_function_calls.cpp:168)
input_function_calls.cpp:169 int g_3 = 44;
input_function_calls.cpp:170 43
input_function_calls.cpp:155 int cc;
Segment ID: 5 (input_function_calls.cpp:176)
input_function_calls.cpp:177 int g_6;
input_function_calls.cpp:178 int return_value = 2;
input_function_calls.cpp:179 return_value
input_function_calls.cpp:155 int cc;
Segment ID: 4 (input_function_calls.cpp:174)
input_function_calls.cpp:175 int g_5;
Segment ID: 6 (input_function_calls.cpp:156)
input_function_calls.cpp:157 int dd;
Segment ID: 0
input_function_calls.cpp:151 int aa;
void f(){
int aa;wait();int bb;g1();int cc;wait();int dd;
}
void main(){ wait();
f();wait();
}
Dedicated SystemC Compiler
• Segment Graph Construction:– Support for recursive function calls
Direct, indirect recursion
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 24
void f(){ wait();
if(xx>0) {wait();g();wait();
}wait();return;
}
void g(){ xx--;
wait();if(xx>0) {
wait();int before_rec;f();int after_rec;wait();
} else {wait();return;
}}
Segment ID: 0
Segment ID: 7 (input_recursive.cpp:163)
Segment ID: 10 (input_recursive.cpp:153)
Segment ID: 9 (input_recursive.cpp:178)
Segment ID: 1 (input_recursive.cpp:151)
input_recursive.cpp:152 (this) -> recursive1();
Segment ID: 2 (input_recursive.cpp:159)
input_recursive.cpp:160 (this) -> xx > 0
Segment ID: 5 (input_recursive.cpp:180)
compilerGenerated:0
Segment ID: 6 (input_recursive.cpp:174)
input_recursive.cpp:175 int before_rec;
input_recursive.cpp:176 (this) -> recursive1()
Segment ID: 4 (input_recursive.cpp:172)
input_recursive.cpp:173 (this) -> xx > 0
Segment ID: 8 (input_recursive.cpp:165)
compilerGenerated:0
input_recursive.cpp:177 int after_rec;
Segment ID: 3 (input_recursive.cpp:161)
input_recursive.cpp:162 (this) -> recursive2();
input_recursive.cpp:171 (this) -> xx--
Out-of-Order Parallel Simulation of SystemC Models on Many-Core Platforms
UNSW, 2 March 2016
(c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 13
Step 2:Perform Conflict Analysis
Dedicated SystemC Compiler
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 25
RISC
Segment Graph
C/C++ Foundation
ROSE IR
SystemC IR
• RISC Software Stack Recoding Infrastructure for SystemC
1) Segment Graph construction
2) Segment conflict analysis
Compilation,Simulation
SystemC Compiler
RISCsystemc.h
Model.cpp
Segment GraphConstruction
Parallel AccessConflict Analysis
…Model
_par.cpp
SystemC Model ParallelC++ Model
Seg 2
Seg 1
Seg 3
Seg 4 Seg 5
Seg 6
Segment Graph
Conflict Seg 1 Seg 2 Seg 3
Seg 1 True
Seg 2 True True
Seg 3 True
Seg 3R: a, bW: x, yRW:
Seg 2R: a, bW: xRW: z
Instrumentation!
Dedicated SystemC Compiler
• Segment Conflict Analysis– Need to comply with SystemC LRM [IEEE Std 1666™]
• Cooperative (or co-routine) multitasking semantics– “process instances execute without interruption”
– System designer “can assume that a method processwill execute in its entirety without interruption”
A parallel implementation “would be obligedto analyze any dependencies between processes andconstrain their execution to match the co-routine semantics.”
– Must avoid race conditions when using shared variables! Prevent conflicting segments to be scheduled in parallel
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 26
Conflict Seg 1 Seg 2 Seg 3
Seg 1 True
Seg 2 True True
Seg 3 True
Seg 3R: a, bW: x, yRW:
Seg 2R: a, bW: xRW: z
Out-of-Order Parallel Simulation of SystemC Models on Many-Core Platforms
UNSW, 2 March 2016
(c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 14
Dedicated SystemC Compiler
• Segment Conflict Analysis:– Variable access analysis for Read, Write, and Read/Write
– Example:
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 27
class Conflict: public sc_module {SC_CTOR(Conflict){ SC_THREAD(thread1);
SC_THREAD(thread2);}int x, y, z;
void thread1(){
int a;a = 2;wait();a = x + y;wait();z++;
}};
void thread2(){
int b = 2;x = y;wait();x = y * z;wait();z++;wait();x++;
}
Segment ID: 0
conflict.cpp:24 int a;
conflict.cpp:25 a = 2
Segment ID: 3
conflict.cpp:34 int b = 2;
conflict.cpp:35 x = y
Segment ID: 1 (conflict.cpp:26)
conflict.cpp:27 a = x + y
Segment ID: 2 (conflict.cpp:28)
conflict.cpp:29 z++
Segment ID: 4 (conflict.cpp:36)
conflict.cpp:37 x = y * z
Segment ID: 5 (conflict.cpp:38)
conflict.cpp:39 z++
Segment ID: 6 (conflict.cpp:40)
conflict.cpp:41 x++
Segment Graph
Segment ID: 0
conflict.cpp:24 int a;
conflict.cpp:25 a = 2
Segment ID: 3
conflict.cpp:34 int b = 2;
conflict.cpp:35 x = y
Segment ID: 1 (conflict.cpp:26)
conflict.cpp:27 a = x + y
Segment ID: 2 (conflict.cpp:28)
conflict.cpp:29 z++
Segment ID: 4 (conflict.cpp:36)
conflict.cpp:37 x = y * z
Segment ID: 5 (conflict.cpp:38)
conflict.cpp:39 z++
Segment ID: 6 (conflict.cpp:40)
conflict.cpp:41 x++
Dedicated SystemC Compiler
• Segment Conflict Analysis:– Variable access analysis for Read, Write, and Read/Write
– Example:
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 28
Segment GraphSegmentVariable
Accesses
Out-of-Order Parallel Simulation of SystemC Models on Many-Core Platforms
UNSW, 2 March 2016
(c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 15
Dedicated SystemC Compiler
• Segment Conflict Analysis:– Variable access analysis for Read, Write, and Read/Write
– Example:
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 29
SegmentVariable
AccessesSegment Data Conflict Table
x
x
SystemC Compiler and Simulator
• Compiler and Simulator work hand in hand!– Compiler performs conservative static analysis
– Analysis results are passed to the simulator
– Simulator can make safe scheduling decisions quickly
Automatic Model Instrumentation Static analysis results are inserted into the source code
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 30
SystemC Simulator
C++Compiler
ParallelSimulation
SystemC Compiler
RISCsystemc.h
Model.cpp
… Source CodeInstrumentation
systemc_par.h
Model_par.cpp
Input Model
ParallelSystemCLibrary
ParallelC++ Model
Model Instrumentation:Segment and Instance IDsSegment Conflict Tables
Time Advance Tables
Out-of-Order Parallel Simulation of SystemC Models on Many-Core Platforms
UNSW, 2 March 2016
(c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 16
SystemC Compiler and Simulator
• Compiler and Simulator work hand in hand!– Compiler performs conservative static analysis
– Analysis results are passed to the simulator
– Simulator can make safe scheduling decisions quickly
Automatic Model Instrumentation1) Segment and instance IDs
• Threads identified by creator instance and current code location
2) Data and event conflict tables• Segment concurrency hazards identified by fast table lookup
(filtered for scope, instance path, references and port mapping)
3) Current and next time advance tables• Prediction of future thread states
better scheduling decisions by looking ahead in time(future optimization)
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 31
• Simulator kernel with Out-of-Order Parallel Scheduler– Conceptual OoO PDES execution
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 32
Parallel SystemC Simulator
IssueThreads
Issue threads…
• truly in parallel and out-of-order
• whenever they are ready
• and will have no conflicts!
Fast conflict table lookup
Smart thread-to-core mapping (future optimization)
Out-of-Order Parallel Simulation of SystemC Models on Many-Core Platforms
UNSW, 2 March 2016
(c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 17
Parallel SystemC Simulator
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 33
• Protection of Inter-Thread Communication– Need to comply with SystemC LRM [IEEE Std 1666™]
• Cooperative (or co-routine) multitasking semantics– Threads can assume execution “without interruption”
– Must protect inter-thread communication in channels!• Primitive SystemC channels
Static protection (special parallel SystemC headers, library)
• User-defined hierarchical channels Dynamic protection through source code instrumentation
Channel
Thread 2Thread 1
SystemC Simulator
Demo and Experimental Results
• Interactive Demonstration– Two Application Examples
• DVD player (conceptual)
• Mandelbrot renderer (embarrassingly parallel)
– Compilation• Static analysis based on segment graph
• Conflict analysis and source code instrumentation
– Simulation• Accellera reference library (Posix-based, sequential)
• RISC simulator library (Posix-based, out-of-order parallel)
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 34
ParallelSystemCLibrary
SystemC Compiler
RISCsystemc.h
Model.cpp
Segment GraphConflict Analysis
Source CodeInstrumentation
Input Model
ParallelSimulation
systemc_par.h
Model_par.cpp
Out-of-Order Parallel Simulation of SystemC Models on Many-Core Platforms
UNSW, 2 March 2016
(c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 18
Example Model 1: DVD Player
• DVD Player Example (conceptual)– Parallel video and audio decoding with different frame rates
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 35
Video30 FPS
2 Audio Channels38.28 FPS
Multimediainput
stream
DUT
VideoCodec
LeftAudioCodec
RightAudioCodec
DUTVideo
MonitorLeft
SpeakerRight
Speaker
Stimulus
1: SC_MODULE(VideoCodec)2: { sc_port<i_receiver> p1;3: sc_port<i_sender> p2;4: …5: while(1){6: p1‐>receive(&inFrm);7: outFrm = decode(inFrm);8: wait(33330, SC_US);9: p2‐>send(outFrm);10: }11: };
1: SC_MODULE(AudioCodec)2: { sc_port<i_receiver> p1;3: sc_port<i_sender> p2;4: …5: while(1){6: p1‐>receive(&inFrm);7: outFrm = decode(inFrm);8: wait(26120, SC_US);9: p2‐>send(outFrm);10: }11: };
Example Model 1: DVD Player
• DVD Player Example (conceptual)– Parallel video and audio decoding
with different frame rates
1. Real time schedule: fully parallel
2. Reference simulator schedule (DES)
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 36
0 26.12
33.33
52.25
66.67
78.38
100
Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3
LF 1RF 1
LF 2RF 2
LF 3RF 3
LF 4RF 4
Time [ms]
Video
LeftRight
Video
LeftRight
0
33.33 66.67
78.38
100
Frame 3Frame 1 Frame 2
LF 1RF 1
LF 2RF 2
LF 3RF 3
Time [ms] …52.2526.12
LF 4
DUT
VideoCodec
LeftAudioCodec
RightAudioCodec
DUTVideo
MonitorLeft
SpeakerRight
Speaker
Stimulus
Out-of-Order Parallel Simulation of SystemC Models on Many-Core Platforms
UNSW, 2 March 2016
(c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 19
Example Model 1: DVD Player
• DVD Player Example (conceptual)– Parallel video and audio decoding
with different frame rates
1. Real time schedule: fully parallel
3. Synchronous parallel schedule (PDES)
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 37
0 26.12
33.33
52.25
66.67
78.38
100
Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3
LF 1RF 1
LF 2RF 2
LF 3RF 3
LF 4RF 4
Time [ms]
Video
LeftRight
0 26.12
33.33 66.67
78.38
100
Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3
LF 1RF 1
LF 2RF 2
LF 3RF 3
LF 4RF 4
Time [ms]
Video
LeftRight
52.25
DUT
VideoCodec
LeftAudioCodec
RightAudioCodec
DUTVideo
MonitorLeft
SpeakerRight
Speaker
Stimulus
Example Model 1: DVD Player
• DVD Player Example (conceptual)– Parallel video and audio decoding
with different frame rates
1. Real time schedule: fully parallel
4. Out-of-order parallel schedule (OoO PDES)
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 38
0 26.12
33.33
52.25
66.67
78.38
100
Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3
LF 1RF 1
LF 2RF 2
LF 3RF 3
LF 4RF 4
Time [ms]
Video
LeftRight
0 26.12
33.33
52.25
66.67
78.38
100
Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3
LF 1RF 1
LF 2RF 2
LF 3RF 3
LF 4RF 4
Time [ms]
Video
LeftRight
DUT
VideoCodec
LeftAudioCodec
RightAudioCodec
DUTVideo
MonitorLeft
SpeakerRight
Speaker
Stimulus
Out-of-Order Parallel Simulation of SystemC Models on Many-Core Platforms
UNSW, 2 March 2016
(c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 20
Example Model 2: Mandelbrot
• Mandelbrot Renderer (Graphics Pipeline Application)– Mandelbrot Set
• Mathematical set of pointsin complex plane
– Two-dimensional fractal shape
• High computation load– Recursive/iterative function
• Embarrassingly parallel– Parallelism at pixel level
– SystemC Model• TLM abstraction
• Parallel slices
• Configurable
• Executable
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 39
Top
Stimulus Monitor
Platform
DUT
din dout
Coordinator
M M M M
Example Model 2: Mandelbrot
• Mandelbrot Renderer (Graphics Pipeline Application) Simulated Graphics Demonstration
(when network delays prevent actual graphical demo)
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 40
Out-of-Order Parallel Simulation of SystemC Models on Many-Core Platforms
UNSW, 2 March 2016
(c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 21
Experimental Results
• DVD Player Example (conceptual) Parallel video and audio decoding with different frame rates
– Simulator run times on Intel® Xeon® multi-core host (‘delta’)(1 E3-1240 CPU, 3.4 GHz, 4 cores, 2 way hyper-threaded)
– RISC V0.2.1, Posix-thread based comparison
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 41
Seq Par OoO
10 secstream
Run Time 6.98 s 4.67 s 2.94 s
CPU Load 97% 145% 238%
Speedup 1 x 1.49 x 2.37 x
100 secstream
Run Time 68.21 s 45.91 s 28.13 s
CPU Load 100% 149% 251%
Speedup 1 x 1.49 x 2.42 x
Experimental Results
• Mandelbrot Renderer Example Graphics Pipeline Application, embarrassingly parallel
– Simulator run times on Intel® Xeon® multi-core host (‘phi’)(2 E5-2680 CPUs, 2.7 GHz, 8 cores, 2 way hyper-threaded)
– RISC V0.2.1, Posix-thread based comparison
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 42
ParallelSlices
DES PDES OOO PDES
Run Time
CPU Load
Run Time
CPU Load
SpeedupRun Time
CPU Load
Speedup
1 162.13 s 99% 162.06 s 100% 1.00 x 161.90 s 100% 1.00 x2 162.19 s 99% 96.50 s 168% 1.68 x 96.48 s 168% 1.68 x4 162.56 s 99% 54.00 s 305% 3.01 x 53.85 s 304% 3.02 x8 163.10 s 99% 29.89 s 592% 5.46 x 30.05 s 589% 5.43 x
16 164.01 s 99% 19.03 s 1050% 8.62 x 20.08 s 997% 8.17 x32 165.89 s 99% 11.78 s 2082% 14.08 x 11.99 s 2023% 13.84 x64 170.32 s 99% 9.79 s 2607% 17.40 x 9.85 s 2608% 17.29 x
128 174.55 s 99% 9.34 s 2793% 18.69 x 9.39 s 2787% 18.59 x256 185.47 s 100% 8.91 s 2958% 20.82 x 8.90 s 2964% 20.84 x
Out-of-Order Parallel Simulation of SystemC Models on Many-Core Platforms
UNSW, 2 March 2016
(c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 22
Experimental Results
• Mandelbrot Renderer Example Graphics Pipeline Application, embarrassingly parallel
– Simulator run times onIntel® Many Integrated Core (MIC)Architecture
Intel® Xeon Phi™ coprocessor
• 5110P CPU at 1.052 GHz
• 60 cores, 4 way hyper-threaded
• Bidirectional ring interconnect, L2 chache
• Appears as regular Linux machine with 240 cores!
Experimental result:
• Traditional DES vs. synchronous PDES (no conflicts):
• Run time (seq/par): 226.57 sec / 5.50 sec
41x speedup!
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 43
RISC Compiler and Simulator
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC Compiler and Simulator
• Open Source Prototype Implementation– Alpha Release V0.2.1 published October 30, 2015
• http://www.cecs.uci.edu/~doemer/risc.html
Source tar ball: risc_v0.2.1.tar.gz
Installation: INSTALL, Makefile
Doxygen documentation: RISC API
Doxygen documentation: OoO Parallel SystemC API
BSD license terms: LICENSE
• Downloads and feedback welcome! Code hardening
Extension of supported parallel SystemC subset
Standardization…
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 44
Out-of-Order Parallel Simulation of SystemC Models on Many-Core Platforms
UNSW, 2 March 2016
(c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 23
Concluding Remarks
• Project on Advanced Parallel SystemC Simulation– Out-of-Order PDES on many-core host platforms
– Maximum compliance with current execution semantics
• SystemC Compiler Integrated with Parallel Simulator– Segment Graph based static analysis for parallel execution
– Model instrumentation and protection of communication
– Out-of-order parallel scheduler, many-core platform support
• Open Source– RISC V0.2.1, working prototype implementation– Available at www.cecs.uci.edu/~doemer/risc.html
• Ongoing and Future Work– Code hardening and virtual platform integration (i.e. Simics®)
– Collaboration with Accellera SystemC Language WG
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 45
References
• [CECS-TR-15-02] G. Liu, T. Schmidt, R. Dömer:"RISC Compiler and Simulator, Alpha Release V0.2.1: Out-of-Order Parallel SimulatableSystemC Subset", Center for Embedded and Cyber-physical Systems, CECS, April 2015.
• [ASPDAC’15] G. Liu, T. Schmidt, R. Dömer, A. Dingankar, D. Kirkpatrick:"Optimizing Thread-to-Core Mapping on Manycore Platforms with Distributed Tag Directories", Proceedings of ASPDAC, Tokyo, Japan, January 2015.
• [IEEE TCAD’14] W. Chen, X. Han, C. Chang, G. Liu, R. Dömer:"Out-of-Order Parallel Discrete Event Simulation for Transaction Level Models",IEEE Transactions on CAD, vol. 33, no. 12, pp. 1859-1872, December 2014.
• [DATE’14] W. Chen, X. Han, R. Dömer: "May-Happen-in-Parallel Analysis based on Segment Graphs for Safe ESL Models", Proceedings of DATE, Dresden, Germany, March 2014. (Best Paper Award!)
• [DATE’13] W. Chen, R. Dömer: "Optimized Out-of-Order Parallel Discrete Event Simulation Using Predictions", Proceedings of DATE, Grenoble, France, March 2013.
• [IEEE D&T’13] W. Chen, X. Han, C. Chang, R. Dömer: "Advances in Parallel Discrete Event Simulation for Electronic System-Level Design", IEEE Design & Test of Computers, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 45-54, Jan.-Feb. 2013.
• [DATE’12] W. Chen, X. Han, R. Dömer: "Out-of-Order Parallel Simulation for ESL Design", Proceedings of DATE, Dresden, Germany, March 2012.
• [ASPDAC’12] W. Chen, R. Dömer: "An Optimizing Compiler for Out-of-Order Parallel ESL Simulation Exploiting Instance Isolation", Proceedings of ASPDAC, Sydney, Australia, February 2012.
Out-of-Order Parallel SystemC, UNSW, 2 March 2016 (c) 2016 R. Doemer, CECS 46