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TRANSCRIPT
Our World Communities
Name ___________
Resources: Peru
I recommend you use a child-friendly search engine like kidrex.org for any research you have the students do online.
Website Info: National Geographic https://goo.gl/c4F4HD
Website Info: Time for Kids https://goo.gl/yqvYQJ
Creation Story VideosInca Creation: https://goo.gl/02QDQO
Ojibway Creation: https://goo.gl/KC8fiU
Lake Titicaca VideoNote: This video is a bit sad, so make sure you watch it before showing it in your class. You know your students best!https://goo.gl/glxFPi
FoodA Taste of Lima: https://goo.gl/7x8nZX
Term Definition
Keep track of important vocabulary on these two pages
Vocabulary
Term Definition
Vocabulary
KWL Chart
What do I Know
What do I Want to know
What I Learned
Where in the World?Peru is located in South America.
Find and colour Peru on the following map of South America.
Find and label: Chile, Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana.
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Peru Facts
Lima
● The capital city of Peru is Lima
● The official languages in Peru are Spanish and the aboriginal languages Quechua and Aymara. Other aboriginal languages also have ‘official’ status in different parts of Peru
● Approximately 30 million people live in Peru
● Peru has very diverse landscapes, including: beaches, deserts, mountains, and rainforests
White andRed colour
Crest (vicuña, chinchona tree, and cornucopia of gold)
Work with a partner to research what the Peruvian flag symbols represent. Try searching for “Peru flag symbols” on www.kidrex.org
Flag Symbols
The History of PeruPre-Incan PeruPeru has a long and rich history. Archaeological excavations have uncovered artifacts that give clues as to what life was like for Peruvians over 20,000 years ago. Some of the artifacts uncovered have included innovative hunting tools, as well as very advanced irrigation systems.
Peru was (and is) home to several diverse indigenous groups, long before the Inca Empire was ever established.
The Inca Empire (1400 - 1500)The Incan empire was based out of Cusco. Cusco was the capital city of Peru during the Inca rule. The Inca empire is considered to be one the largest empires in American history before the beginning of Spanish colonization.
Although the Andean environment could be very harsh, this did not deter the Incas, and they conquered the plains, jungles, mountains, and deserts. The map on the right shows the extent of the Incan Empire. It included parts of modern-day Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Ecuador, and Colombia.
Citizens of the Incan empire worked in exchange for food and clothing. Although there was an abundance of gold and silver, these were used for aesthetics rather than for payment. Cusco was an incredibly rich city, and Inca kings and nobles would be buried with their riches. Temples would be literally covered in gold.
Comparing Creation StoriesWatch the video below and prepare to share 4 facts about the Inca Creation story.
Compare this creation story with the Ojibway story of creation
https://goo.gl/KC8fiU
https://goo.gl/02QDQO
How they are similar How they are different
The History of PeruInca Innovations and AchievementsThe Incas were very resourceful. Below are several examples of important Inca inventions:
1. Quipu (Counting System)The quipu is a textile (fabric/cloth) record-keeping system. The image on the right shows an example of a quipu. The colours, lengths of the strings, and number of knots in the quipu all contribute to the message conveyed through it. The different kinds of knots represent different number values.
2. The Chasquis (Mailing System)As you saw on the previous page, the Inca empire was huge! Today, it is easy to send a message to a friend in another country, but back in the days of the Inca Empire, the Incas had a different method of communicating with other regions.
The Chasquis were very fast runners, who operated on a system of relays. New runners would replace tired runners at different points along their run. Chasquis would train from a very young age, and were able to run a very long distance in a short amount of time!
The History of Peru
3. Freeze-Dried FoodsAs the Incas experienced droughts, they had to think of a system of preserving food, for when they could not grow any. The Incas would take their crops to an area of very cold temperatures and high altitude, place a blanket over the crop, step on it to squeeze out the liquid, and leave the crop there for several days to dry. This freeze-dried food could last for many years without the need for refrigeration of any kind.
4. Intihuatana (Clock)The intihuatana is an astronomical clock located in Macchu Picchu (the last Inca city). It is located at the top of a sacred mountain. This clock measured when it was time to celebrate the winter and summer solstices. The Intihuatana was damaged in 2000, when a company filming a commercial hit it with a large crane.
5. Brain SurgeryThe Incas would perform skull surgeries to help relieve inflammation from head injuries. This was common for Inca soldiers who would return wounded from combat. Early brain surgeries were not as successful, with many people dying from infection. However, later surgeries proved quite successful.
The Incas would put their patients to sleep with natural products such as maize alcohol, tobacco, and coca.
The History of Peru
6. Terrace FarmingThe Inca had incredible inventive agricultural techniques. In Andean regions there were several challenges to agriculture. There was not an abundance of flat land, and heavy rains could quickly cause overflowing waters to spoil a crop.
The Incas devised terraces on steep land to allow farmers to grow their crops. Terrace farming prevented rain overflow, and allowed the crops to be connected to irrigation lines. The terrace structure also prevented the eroding (breaking down) of the farm land!
7. GovernmentThe Incas had a very organized government system. The Inca Empire was controlled by the Sapa Inca. He was all powerful, and made all of the decisions. He is what we call the ‘head of government’. The Sapa Inca was believed to be a descendant of the Sun God. The Sapa Inca’s relatives helped him rule the empire.
A new governor was put in charge whenever a new region was conquered. Each region had a governor in charge. The Incas also had a tax-paying system that required its citizens to work for the Empire building roads, buildings, irrigation systems and more. This work was called Mita.
Spanish ColonialismFrancisco Pizarro was a Spanish conquistador who was convinced that the Incas held a huge amount of wealth. He attempted to convince his government in Spain that he should lead an expedition to Peru to conquer the Inca Empire. He was given permission, and eventually made his way to Northern Peru.
He negotiated to meet with the Incan Emperor at the time, Atahualpa. Upon meeting, he killed the Inca leader. Then, Pizarro and his men took over Cusco. The Incas resisted and fought back as much as they could, but their efforts were futile and Spanish rule began in the lands of the Inca Empire.
Pizarro went on to declare Lima as the capital of Peru, because of its proximity to the coast.
Eventually, Pizarro was assassinated, but Spain remained in control of the South American lands.
During these times, the indigenous populations became smaller and smaller, due to violence against Indigenous peoples and the introduction of new illnesses brought by the Europeans.
The Spanish also brought the Roman Catholic religion with them. Many Peruvians are Roman Catholic today.
Reflect: Why do you think Pizarro wanted the capital city to be close to the coast?
Did you know? In Canada, the Indigenous people also suffered tremendous losses due to violence against them and the introduction of diseases by newcomers.
Peruvian IndependenceIn 1821 Peru finally achieved independence from Spain, after many years, with help from Jose de San Martin of Argentina, and Simon Bolivar of Venezuela.
Following independence, Peru had several conflicts with neighboring countries, including Chile and Bolivia. These conflicts had to do with figuring out territorial boundaries.
Today, Peru’s politics and economy are both stable. Peru is a very popular tourist destination because of its rich history, ruins, and food!
Check for Understanding
1. What is the name of the large empire that ruled massively in South America, from about 1400 - 1500?
2. What city was the Incan Empire based out of?
3. Why was Cusco considered a rich city?
4. What religion are many Peruvians (the Spanish brought this religion to Peru with them)?
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Check for Understanding
4. Name and describe two of the inventions that the Inca people are known for today.
5. The Indigenous peoples of Peru died in great numbers following the arrival of Europeans. Why did the Indigenous people die? How is this similar to what happened in Canada?
6. Give two reasons why Peru is a popular tourist destination in today’s times.
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This is similar to what happened in Canada because
Google Maps Scavenger Hunt● Type maps.google.com in the address bar of your internet
browser and type in Peru
● Use the + and - button to zoom in andout of the map.
● Answer the following questions!
1. City names show up with a little white dot next to them. What are the names of 5 different Peruvian cities?
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Google Maps Scavenger Hunt
2. What is the name of the large body of water off Peru’s coast?
3. What is the name of the mountain range that runs through Peru?
4. What is the name of the five countries that share a border with Peru?
5. Name two national parks found in Peru (“Parques Nacionales”)
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The EnvironmentPeru is a very interesting country with much biodiversity. Biodiversity refers to the different kinds of species and ecosystems that exist. Peru is actually one of the most diverse countries in the world!
There are many threats to Peru’s biodiversity. The Peruvian government has adopted international laws to protect the Peruvian biodiversity.
Reflect
● There are several threats to Peru’s biodiversity. What do you think some of these threats might be? Brainstorm below.
The EnvironmentPeru has three main regions. A region is a part of the country that has similar features.
Coastal RegionThis is the area next to the ocean and next to lakes. The coastal region in Peru includes the desert and beaches. In Peru, there are many cities next to the coast. The climate here is hot and dry. There are many small rivers that flow down from the Andes and into the coastal region, which allows for farmers to grow crops. Fishing is also a popular industry in this region.
Why do you think people in Peru might choose to live on the coast?____________________________________________________________________________________
Mountain/Highland RegionThis region is dominated by the Andes Mountains. It is in this region where Cusco and Macchu Picchu are found. High up in this region, people raise alpacas and llamas, and make clothing items from wool. This is because the land is not fertile enough up high. Lower on the mountain, the climate is warmer and land is more suitable for crops. Crops are planted on terraces to prevent erosion and support irrigation.
The EnvironmentRain Forest Region
This region takes up more than half of Peru! It is here where the Amazon river has its roots. Peru’s rainforest is also one of the least-disturbed rainforests in the whole world, although it faces some deforestation like all other rainforests do. The climate here is very hot and wet. There are many rivers, and many species of plants and animals.
Many Indigenous people live in the rainforest, and use the forest’s resources for everything they need. Here they gather fruits, seeds, and vegetables, fish, and hunt. They also build their homes in the rainforest.
The Peruvian rainforest is also home to Manu National Park - one of the most important wildlife areas in the world because of the diverse species that live there.
The Environment
Using the website www.kidrex.org, research some of the species living in the Peruvian rainforest. Try searching for “Peru rainforest animals”
Write down your findings below. Include at least 3 facts.
Research
Animal Name ___________________
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A drawing of my animal.
Goods & ServicesPeru’s Main Industries Peru’s Main Exports
● Mining● Fishing● Textiles● Coffee/Cocoa
● Copper, gold, lead, silver● Natural gas● Coffee● Fruits and vegetables● Fish
https://safeshare.tv/x/ikFqVVKwYD0
1. What can vicuña wool be used for? ________________________
2. How often are the vicuñas sheared?________________________
3. Do you think it is fair that the villagers who work in this industry only get $1000/year? Share your opinion below and explain.
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Lake TiticacaAnother one of Peru’s incredible features is Lake Titicaca. This lake is on the border of Peru and Bolivia and it is the world’s highest navigable body of water.
There are man made floating islands on this lake called “islas flotantes” in Spanish. They are made from totora reeds. The Uros people live on these islands.
● What do you think it would be like to live on a floating island?● What kind of food do you think people eat on these islands?● What are some of the challenges that the Uros people might
face?
Discuss!
View and Reflect
https://goo.gl/glxFPi
Teacher note: pre-watch and share this video based on your discretion
Peruvian Celebration and Festivals
Peru has many wonderful religious and seasonal festivals. There are many festivals based on Peru’s Indigenous cultures, too.
Inti Raymi“Inti Raymi” is Quechua for “Festival of the Sun” and takes place on June 24 in Cusco. It is a celebration of the Inca God “Inti” (“Sun” in Quechua). This festival would take place close to the Winter solstice, when people were concerned about what would happen to their crops (there was not enough sun). People would plead for the Sun God’s return. People would fast for days and provide gifts to the Inca. Llamas would be sacrificed in exchange for good crops. This festival was prohibited by the Spanish for going against their Catholic faith.
CarnavalesIn February, carnavales are celebrated all throughout Peru. A carnaval is a joyful celebration that can include parties and parades. They usually take place in the days leading up to Lent (a Catholic holiday). During these celebrations people sometimes toss water from buckets and in water balloons as part of the fun. There is also a yunza tree set up in main squares. This is a tree decorated with fruits and other gifts.
Christmas (Noche Buena)Christmas is an important holiday in Peru, where many people are Roman Catholic. The majority of the celebrations take place on December 24, known as Noche Buena in Peru. Families will attend church, enjoy a large feast, and open gifts close to midnight.
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Peruvian Food
Peru is well known for its gastronomy. One of the main reasons people like to travel in Peru is to taste their unique meals!
Potato DishesPotatoes are one of the most common crops that come from Peru! In fact, they have over 4000 different types of potatoes! So it isn’t surprising that Peruvians have many different potato dishes. One famous potato dish is Papas a la Huancaina which are sliced, boiled potatoes served with a cheesy sauce.
CevicheCeviche is a raw white fish, marinated in lemon or lime juice.
AnticuchosThese are meat skewers. They are sold on the streets and in restaurants all over Peru.
PachamancaThis is a special dish cooked in the ground. It takes hours to make and so it is often made only for special celebrations. Heated stones in a hole in the ground cook vegetables (such as corn), meat, and herbs in cloth.
Peruvian FoodWatch and Reflect!Watch the following video and answer the questions below
https://goo.gl/7x8nZX
1. What is the name of the fried pastry shown in the video?
2. List two new things you learned about Peruvian food
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A Peruvian RecipeAlfajores con Manjar
Ingredients1 cup of flour1 cup of cornstarch1 teaspoon baking powder½ cup of icing sugar1 cup of butter1 egg*1 cup of ‘manjar’
1. Set your oven at 340°F.2. In a bowl, combine the flour,
cornstarch, baking powder and the sugar together.
3. Cube the butter, and add to the dry ingredients.
3. Mix with an electric mixer and stir in the egg.4. Knead the dough into a ball, and then roll it out onto a sheet of parchment
paper (to avoid the dough sticking to a surface) about a half a centimetre thick.
5. Refrigerate the dough for 30 - 60 minutes.6. Remove the dough from the refrigerator, and using a round cookie cutter
(or the open end of a narrow glass), cut out the cookies and place them on parchment paper Pierce the cookies twice with a fork.
7. Bake for 8-10 minutes. Keep a close eye. They should remain white. 8. Let the cookies cool. 9. Spread one cookie with the ‘manjar’ and sandwich another cookie on top.
Alfajores are a delicious cookie with a caramelized milk treat inside.
Manjar is often sold in North America as ‘dulce de leche’. Recipes for homemade manjar can be found online.
Teacher Page: Culminating Country Report
Following the completion of this unit booklet, online research, story reading, and video watching - students are ready to create a country report to share with the class. Below are several interesting ideas. You can have your students choose how they would like to complete their country report, or you may assign all students to complete the same type of report.
(1) A Class Book About Peru- Explain to the students that they will be using what they have learned
about Peru to create a class-book about Peru.- Students will be working in pairs to publish a page that will be
contributed to a whole-class book on Peru. Some of the pages students will publish include: Food, Economy, Celebrations, and more.
- There is also a guided venn diagram that you will make as a class at the end of your students’ research. You can share the first draft of the book with the class by having the student pairs reach their page. Then, as a class, create a large venn diagram comparing Canada and Peru. Type this up on the computer to add to the final published class book!
- See the attached booklet for this project.
(2) A Postcard from Peru- Have students create a postcard from Peru including interesting facts
about food, climate, and celebrations in Peru.- Students can use online research (Kidrex for searching), library books,
and their student booklet to find facts.- A student sheet with instructions, and a teacher rubric are attached.
(3) Persuasive Letter- Have students write a persuasive letter to their parent, describing in
detail why their next vacation should be to Peru.- A student sheet with instructions, teacher rubric, and letter stationery
page are all attached.
A Classroom Book About Peru!We will be publishing a classroom book about Peru! You will work with a partner to publish a page on a specific topic about Peru. You will be assigned this topic, research it, create a rough draft, create a good copy, and design an illustration.
All student pages will be put together into one final classroom book that we can share in our classroom and school library!
Instructions1. Your teacher will assign you a topic and a partner to work with. 2. You will use your student booklet and research in books and online to
find information on your topic. 3. You can keep track of your research on the attached research sheet.
On this sheet, write down quick ‘jot’ notes. Remember to put information into your own words!
4. When you have enough research (almost a full page), you will write at least two paragraphs of 5-sentences each about your topic. You will write your rough draft on the rough-draft page.
5. You will check over your rough-draft and your teacher will assist in checking your rough-draft.
6. You will write a good copy on the computer. Please choose the font COMIC SANS and the size 16 font.
7. You will create an illustration to go along with your good copy on a separate sheet of paper.
8. Check the attached rubric to see exactly how you will be marked.9. At the end of our researching, as a class we will create a large venn
diagram comparing Canada and Peru. We will include this in our class book!
Classroom Book - Topics
Economy (What are the main industries?)
Peruvian Festivals and Celebrations
Natural Resources Famous Indigenous Leaders
Agriculture (What are the common crops?) Inca Creation Story
Monuments (What are some of the important monuments?)
Languages in Peru
Traditional Meals Tourism in Peru
The Peruvian Rainforest Peruvian Fauna (Animals)
The Peruvian Andes Mountains Traditional Clothing
A Classroom Book About Peru!RubricCategory 8 6 4 2
Information I have covered my topic in-depth and in my own words. I have included at least two paragraphs, and at least 5 sentences per paragraph.
There are no factual errors.
I have included a lot of detail, however there may be an error in using my own words, or errors in including factual information.
My paragraphs are missing detail, and/or there may be issues in factuality or in using my own words.
There are significant details missing, and/or severe issues with using my own words and including factually correct information.
Illustration My illustration is neat, colourful and represents my topic well.
My illustration is neat, and colourful but could better represent my topic.
My illustration is relatively neat, and could better represent my topic.
My illustration lacks neatness and does not fully represent my topic.
Mechanics Capitals and punctuation are present.
Capitals and punctuation are present.
There are some errors with capitalization (3-4) and punctuation.
There are many errors with capitalization (more than 4), or punctuation.
Spelling There are no spelling errors.
There are 1-2 spelling errors.
There are 3-4 spelling errors.
There are more than 5 spelling errors.
Checklist
❏ I have completed my research page❏ I have completed and edited my rough draft❏ I have completed my good copy❏ I have completed a neat, colourful illustration 32
My Research PageKeep track of your research jot notes on this page. You will have to hand this page into your teacher.
My Rough DraftUse these two pages to write your rough draft. Remember to edit your work when you are done.
My Rough Draft
Illustration by ______________________
Postcard to Peru!
You will be creating a postcard from Peru! You will use the booklet you have completed in class, as well as research online and books from the library.
You will be writing your postcard in the format of a friendly letter to your family.
You must include at least one fact about each of the following:- Peru’s Geography: Peru’s regions and environment- Food: what kind of food do they have in Peru- Celebrations and Festivals: Describe one of Peru’s famous
festivals or celebrations.- Interesting Fact: Write about one extra fact about Peru!- A colourful and neat drawing!
Category 8 6 4 2
InformationSee the first page for the specific requirements per slide.
All required facts are included.
1 detail is missing. 2 details are missing.
More than 2 details are missing.
Illustration My illustration is neat, colourful and represents my topic well.
My illustration is neat, and colourful but could better represent my topic.
My illustration is relatively neat, and could better represent my topic.
My illustration lacks neatness and does not fully represent my topic.
Organization and Format
I have included a greeting and a closing. The body of my postcard flows well.
My greeting or closing may have an error. There may be issues with the flow of my postcard.
Either the greeting or the closing is missing. The flow of the postcard is choppy.
The greeting and closing are missing. The postcard lacks flow.
Mechanics Capitals and punctuation are present.
Capitals and punctuation are present.
There are some errors with capitalization (3-4), punctuation.
There are many errors with capitalization (more than 4), punctuation.
Spelling There are no spelling errors.
There are 1-2 spelling errors.
There are 3-4 spelling errors.
There are more than 5 spelling errors.
Your postcard will be marked according to this rubric:
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Postcard from Peru
Persuasive LetterWrite a persuasive letter to convince your parents that your next vacation should be to Peru!
You must include:- At least 1 fact about the climate- At least 1 fact about the food- At least 1 fact about the celebrations- A minimum of 5 sentences.
You will be marked according to this rubric
4 3 2 1
Salutation and Closing
Salutation and closing are clear. No errors.
There are 1-2 errors (punctuation, capitalization or spelling).
There are 3-4 errors (punctuation, capitalization, or spelling).
The salutation or closing is missing.
Spelling There are no spelling errors.
There are 1-2 spelling errors throughout.
There are 3-4 spelling errors throughout.
There are 5 or more spelling errors throughout.
Content Ideas are presented clearly and are organized well. There are at least 5 sentences, and all facts are included.
Ideas are presented, and all facts are present; however, the organization is off.
One or two of the required facts is missing; and/or there are issues with the organization.
Three or more required facts are missing; the letter lacks organization.
Capitals and Punctuation
Capitals and punctuation are all correct.
There are 1-2 errors in capitalization or punctuation in the body of the letter.
There are 3-4 errors in capitalization or punctuation in the body of the letter.
There are 5 or more errors in capitalization or punctuation in the body of the letter. 16
Quiz: Peru Name ________
1. What continent is Peru on?
2. Name two countries that share a border with Peru.
5. Name and describe one Inca invention.
3. What city were the Inca based out of?
4. What city is the capital of Peru today?
6. The Spanish were very surprised and excited when they saw Cusco. Why were they surprised and excited?
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6. Give one fact about each of the following regions of Peru.
7. Name and describe one Peruvian celebration or festival.
8. Name and describe one example of a Peruvian meal.
Quiz: Peru
Coastal Region Mountain Region Rainforest Region
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Peru
Quiz:
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ANSWER KEY Name ________
1. What continent is Peru on?South America
2. Name two countries that share a border with Peru.Chile, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, or Brazil.
5. Name and describe one Inca invention.
3. What city were the Inca based out of?.Cusco
4. What city is the capital of Peru today?Lima
6. The Spanish were very surprised and excited when they saw Cusco. Why were they surprised and excited?
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Several answers: Quipu (number system), Chasquis (mailing system), Freeze-dried foods, Intihuatana (clock), Brain Surgery
Because they realized how rich Cusco was.
6. Give one fact about each of the following regions of Peru.
7. Name and describe one Peruvian celebration or festival.
8. Name and describe one example of a Peruvian meal.
Quiz: Peru
Coastal Region Mountain Region Rainforest Region
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- Dry, hot- Lots of farming- Many cities here- Rivers flow here from the Andes
- Where the Andes are- Cusco and Macchu Picchu are here- Very high up- Hard to breathe here- Farming is done on terraces because the land is steep- People raise llamas and alpacas here
- Largest region in Peru- One of the least-disturbed rainforests.- Very hot and wet- Lots of biodiversity- Some indigenous people live here
Inti Raymi - Festival of the Sun; would take place on Winter solstice to pray for the return of the Sun God.Carnavales - Celebrations held close to Lent.Christmas Eve - Noche buena - Roman Catholic celebration
Ceviche - raw fish with lemon/limePotato dishes - Ex: Papas a la huancaina have a cheese sauceAnticuchos are beef skewersPachamanca - a meal cooked in a hole in the earthAlfajores - cookie with manjar
Peru
Quiz:
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