OUR SCIENTISTSJOINT ONLINE BROCHURE

ETWINNING PROJECT SCIENCE AROUND US

JUNE 2015

WHAT IS THIS BROCHURE ABOUT?

• The project Science Around Us has drawn attention to science and famous scientists from our countries.

• One of the results of the project is this joint online brochure about the life and work of scientist from our countries: The Czech Republic, Romania, Turkey and Croatia.

• Appendix consists of presentations about two scientists who originally were not from our countries, but we also deal with them in our project as a part of the Computer Science Education Week.

TEACHERS FROM THESE FOUR COUNTRIES COLLABORATED ON THIS JOINT ONLINE BROCHURE :

• The Czech Republic

• Romania

• Turkey

• Croatia

CZECH REBUBLIC:

• Teacher: Martina Kupilíková

• School Icon Základní škola a Mateřská škola Město Touškov

• Scientist: Prokop Diviš

• Teacher: Veronika Pilková

• School Icon Základní škola Vlára Slavičín

• Scientist: Otto Wichterle

ROMANIA

• Teacher: Cecilia Vicoveanu

• School Icon Palatul Copiilor, Children’s Palace Botosani

• Scientist: Grigore Antipa

TURKEY

• Teacher: Bilge Varel

• School Icon 100. Yıl Atatürk Ortaokulu, Köşk/Aydın

• Scientist: Oktay Sinanoğlu

• Teacher: Elif Özsoy

• Tekkeköy İmam Hatip Secondary School, Tekkeköy/Samsun

• Scientist: Cahit Arf

CROATIA

• Teachers: Iva Naranđa and Jurica Benčik

• OŠ Vladimira Nazora Pribislavec

• Scientist: Nikola Tesla

This online brochure doesn’t show all the work on the

eTwinning project Science Around Us – it is only a

collection of presentations about the scientists.

All other activities of the eTwinning project Science Around Us are available on TwinSpace:

introductory presentations of schools Hangout meeting activities on the occasion of Computer Science

Education Week 2014 & Hour of Code, results of the joint online survey

a large number of pupils’ works on the topic results of the ex-post evaluation of the project dissemination of the project …

OTHER ACTIVITIES

OTHER ACTIVITIES

OTHER ACTIVITIES

What is a scientist after all? It is a

curious man looking through a keyhole,

the keyhole of nature, trying to

know what's going on.

Jacques Yves CousteauScience knows no

country, because knowledge belongs to humanity, and is

the torch which illuminates the

world.Louis Pasteur

Logic will get you from A to B. Imagination will

take you everywhere.

Albert Einstein

CHOOSE THE SCIENTIST:

• Prokop Diviš

• Otto Wichterle

• Grigore Antipa

• Oktay Sinanoğlu

• Cahit Arf

• Nikola Tesla

• Augusta Ada King

• Grace Murray Hopper

PROKOP DIVIŠ

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Q6IUPr_sRY&feature=youtu.be

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OTTO WICHTERLE

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OTTO WICHTERLEwas born in 1913 in Prostějov,but he was connected with Slavičín,because his uncle lived here and owned castle in Slavičín. Otto often spent his summer holidays in Slavičín.

Wichterle is known for his inventions:

• L soft contact lenses

the nylons

Our group of 19 pupils from the 6th class prepared greetings for our partners.

We made a poster for them.

Wichterle invented contact lenses due to Merkur construction set.

So we tried to work with this set.

It was quite difficult!

But we made some constructions.

Wichterle also invented nylons, so we worked with this material

and prepared some figures from it.

It was funny work!

GRIGORE ANTIPA

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“SCIENCE AROUND US”

“SCIENCE AROUND US”

Circle “Protection of the environment "Children’s Palace BotosaniProfessor Cecilia Vicoveanu

“Science without conscience is but the ruin of the soul”

Francois Rabelais

“Man can master nature as long as he realises its laws “

Grigore Antipa

(b. 27 of november / 10 of december 1867, Botoşani - d. 9 of

march 1944, Bucureşti) was a Romanian Darwinist biologist

who studied the fauna of the Danube Delta and the Black Sea. Between 1892 and 1944 he was the director of the Bucharest Natural History Museum, which now bears his name.

• Additionally, Antipa was a specialist in zoology, ichthyology, ecology and oceanography, and was a university professor.

• He was elected as member of the Romanian Academy in 1910 and was also a member of several foreign academies. He founded a school of hydrobiology and ichthyology in Romania.

Grigore Antipa

His main scientific activity was in the domain of biology. As a zoologist studied jellyfish morphology Lucernaride,presenting in this respect a new species of Drymonema (1892) and a Stauromeduza(1892), both part of the fish fauna of Romania. He researched and published papers on endemic fish in the Black Sea area, such as Clupeide(1903-1905) and Sturgeon (1905, 1909).

As an ecologist and hydrobiologist ,he founded the school of Ecology and Hydrology of Romania. He searched in this direction various aspects of freshwater and marine life, publishing a series of papers in which he exposed the results.

Scientific activity

Antipa is considered one of Europe's top ecologists, being among the few who noticed the importance of the environment in the life of any human being. Moreover, Antipa founded an interdisciplinary science: bio-economy. This is the first step in the movement that revolutionized natural resources policy, both at European level and planetary. He developed some fisheries laws in Romania, which will be taken successfully in other countries.

• In studies of ecology and economics, he analyzed the relationship between man and nature, and the isomorphism between economic and environmental proceses. Note is the paper published in 1935, L'organisation générale de la vie collective, des organismes et du mécanisme de la production dans la Biosphère. In this paper Antipas founded a new interdisciplinary science, bio-economy.

• Near Capri Island (Italy), Antipa discovered a new species of fixedjellyfish ,named Capria sturdzii. He devoted himself to studying the Danube and Black Sea, participating in 1893 in an expedition around this sea, expedition organized by the riparian countries, and that lasted 9 months. King Charles I has made available for this expedition, Elizabeth cruiser. On this occasion,he has taken the first marine biology research. The most significant results were obtained in hydrobiology, being considered as a precursor in this field, both in Romanian science and in the world.

Antipa founded in 1932 Biooceanographic Institute of Constanta, with two reservations and research stations, one at Agigea (created by Ioan Borcea) and the Caliacra (first is today far from the sea, and the reservation was destroyed, the second is in ruins, but the reservation still exists). Biooceanographic Institute of Constanta was transformed in 1949 into Research Station Maritime and Fisheries Engineering, incorporated in 1970 in the Romanian Institute of Marine Research.

Gregory Antipas staged with the support of King Carol I and Ferdinand, a plan of rational exploitation of fisheries in the floodplain and Delta of the Danube, and the coasts (coasts Bessarabia and northern and southern Dobrogea from the mouths of the Danube). According to Haeckel's ecological principles, this plan has doubled in ten years the production of fish and caviar, without destroying the environment and especially fish breeding places. The cooperatives constructions have greatly improved fishermen‘s situation, so, the Antipa system , very advanced for its time, was taken over by the communist regime in 1947 and developed until 1965. But years later was replaced by systematizing draining the impoundment and sewers. Environmental policy optimization of natural phenomena called geonomic Grigore Antipas,was replaced by one of their opposites, which led logically to the acceleration channel trends in eutrophication of stagnant zones, and the collapse of fish productivity (partly compensated by fisheries today)

National Museum of Natural HistoryAntipa is the scientist who totally renovated and installed in 1906

National Museum of Natural History, which is now named after him in his current abode of Bucureşti.He was director of the museum (1892-1944). Museological principles and its innovations, regarding the organization of this museum, exposure mode, layout and the explained collections, have aroused the interest of foreign specialists, who have requested a paper on the organization of museums of natural history, which was published in 1934, bearing the title “Principes et moyens pour des Musées d'histoire at réorganisation naturelle”

Starting from reorganization the museum from Bucharest, in 1907 appear for the first time, biological dioramas, which represented a new stage in the evolution and organization of museums of natural history. The first diorama showed life on the peaks of the Carpathian Mountains, hills region of Bărăgan and in the floodplain of the Danube Delta. Because of this special presentation, many European and American museums have requested support for organizing their collections. Grigore Antipa was a member of the Romanian Academy and several foreign academies. He founded the Romanian school of Hydrobiology and ichthyology. He recommended the oceanologist and biologist Mihai Băcescu, as head of the department.

The first rooms of the Museum,from Kiseleff Street,were officially opened on May 24, 1908 in the presence of King Charles I, the Princess Mary and the important personalities of the scientific world, cultural and political since then. For the first time in the world,the museum in Bucharest exposed dioramas - three dimensional windows where the species were presented by habitat, natural posts projected on a painted background. The success enjoyed by this mode of presentation, made dioramas to be an example followed by other museums in the world.

Papers :About the need of introducing a systematic fish farming in the waters of Romania (1892)Studies on fisheries in Romania (1895)Fisheries Bill (1896)Die Fischer-Verlaltnisse Rumaniens (1899)Ichthyological fauna of Romania (1909)Fisheries and flooded Danube region in the national and global economy (1932)Iconographie des Sturions et Clupeides de la Mer Noire (1934)Black Sea and its Ichthyology (1941)

Bibliography:

o www.wikipedia.roo www.infoAzi.roo www.enciclopediaromaniei.roo www.complexity.roo www.news20.ro

OKTAY SINANOĞLU

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Scientists From Our Countries

OKTAY SİNANOĞLU(25 February 1935 - 19 April 2015)

Oktay Sinanoğlu an internationally renowned Turkish scientist of physical, chemistry,

molecular biophysics and biochemitry. 

Private Life

Oktay Sinanoğlu was born in Bari, Italy on February 25, 1935 to Nüzhet Haşim and Rüveyde (Karacabey) Sinanoğlu. His father was a consular official under the Consul General Atıf Kor in the Bari Consulate of Turkey, and a writer. He

wrote a book on Greek and Roman Mythology, and another one titled "Petrarca", published in 1931, stating in its preface: "The best way (for Turkey) is adopting the Western culture.“ Following his father's recall to Turkey in July 1938, the family returned to Turkey before the start of World War II. He had a sister, Esin Afşar (1936-2011), who became a well-known singer and actress.

Oktay Sinanoğlu graduated from TED Ankara Koleji in 1951. He went to the United States in 1953, where he studied in University of California, Berkeley graduating with a BSc degree with highest

honors in 1956. The following year, he completed his MSc at MIT (1957), and was awarded Sloan Fellowship. He completed

his predoctoral fellowship (1958-1959) and earned his PhD in physical chemistry (1959-1960) from the University of California,

Berkeley.

On December 21, 1963, Oktay Sinanoğlu married to Paula Armbruster, who was doing graduate work at Yale University. The wedding ceremony took place in the Branford College Chapel of Yale. He remarried to Dilek Sinanoğlu and from this marriage he became father of twins. The family resided in the Emerald Lakes neighborhood of Fort Lauderdale, Texas and in Istanbul, Turkey.

Academic CareerIn 1960, Oktay Sinanoğlu

joined the Yale faculty. He was appointed full professor of chemistry on July 1, 1963. At age 28, he became the youngest full professor in Yale’s 20th-century history. It is believed that he was the third-youngest full professor in the 300-plus year history of Yale University.

In 1964, he founded the theoretical chemistry division at Yale. During his tenure at Yale, he developed the "Many

Electron Theory of Atoms and Molecules" (1961), "Solvophobic Theory" (1964), "Network Theory"

(1974), "Microthermodynamics"(1981), and "Valency Interaction Formula Theory" (1983).

 He developed a revolutionary method called "Sinanoğlu Made Simple" from his own mathematical theories and

published in 1988. With the help of this research system, and using simple pictures and periodic table, chemists could predict the ways in which chemicals combine in the laboratory, and solve other complex problems of

chemistry. 

 After 37 years on the Yale faculty, Sinanoğlu retired in 1997. During his time at Yale, Sinanoğlu served as a

frequent consultant to several Turkish universities and to the Scientific and Technological Research Council of

Turkey (TÜBİTAK) as well as to the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS). In 1962, the Board of Trustees of Middle East Technical University in Ankara dignified him with the title "consulting professor", for

the first time and unique only for him.

He received the "TÜBİTAK Science Award" for chemistry in 1966, the "Alexander von Humboldt Research Award" in chemistry in 1973, and the "International Outstanding Scientist Award of Japan" in 1975.After his retirement from Yale, Sinanoğlu was appointed to the chemistry department of Yıldız Technical University in Istanbul, serving until 2002.

Sinanoğlu was author or co-author of many scientific books and articles. He also authored books on contemporary affairs in Turkey, and Turkish language such as "Target Turkey" and "Bye Bye Turkish" (2005).A 2001-published best-seller book about his life and works, edited by Turkish writer Emine Çaykara, titled him The Turkish Einstein, Oktay Sinanoglu (Turkish: Türk Aynştaynı Oktay Sinanoğlu Kitabı).

He died at the age of 80 on 19 April 2015 in Miami - Florida

100. YIL ATATÜRK ORTAOKULUKÖŞK / AYDIN / TURKEY

TEACHER: BİLGE VAREL

CAHIT ARF

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mwx_a25dvag&feature=youtu.be

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NIKOLA TESLA

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Nikola Tesla

Biography• Born on 10th July 1856 in Smiljan.• Croatian scientist and inventor of world renown.• On June 6th 1884 went to the United States and

became an American citizen.

Smiljan• Smiljan is a village located northwest of Gospic.

The birth house and the monument to Nikola Tesla.

Education• He attended german

elementary school in Smiljan.

• After that he enrolled in secondary school in Rakovac.

• The parents of Nikola pressured him to become a priest, but he was against it and he enrolled to study engineering sciences in Graz.

Interesting facts• He enjoyed bird-watching and reading.• He liked to play cards, but so earned money he donated to others.• After completing his studies he get a job in the telephone company.

Inventions• He has over a thousand inventions and patents.• Tesla is responsible for the emergence of the modern

world, many inventions in electrical engineering and other fields.

The most important inventions of Nikola Tesla

• System of multiphase currents and a rotating magnetic field (multiphase alternating  motors and generators with rotating magnetic field) 

• Alternating current system of transmission and distribution of electric energy 

• Tesla`s oscillation transformer (Tesla coil) • Illumination by means of high-frequency

currents • System of wireless transmission of radio

signals and energy • Tele-automatics (remote control of a ship) • Tesla turbine • Radio

Last days• Nikola Tesla died in New York in 1943 at the age of 87.• After his death, Tesla's papers, diplomas and other honors

are sealed.• Later was founded the Nikola Tesla Museum in Belgrade.

For himself he claimed he was not the inventor but a

"discoverer of things that exist in nature around us."

Created by:Marko Okreša and Mislav Pokrivač, 8th gradeOŠ Vladimira Nazora, Pribislavec, CroatiaTeacher: Iva NaranđaWe thank teacher Jurica Benčik for help with translation in English.

Sources:http://www.unt-genius.hr/en/inventionsapatents.html

http://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikola_Tesla

AUGUSTA ADA KING

AND

GRACE MURRAY HOPPER

Appendix

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AUGUSTA ADA KING

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Augusta Ada King, Countess of Lovelace (10 December 1815 – 27 November 1852), born Augusta Ada Byron and now commonly known as Ada Lovelace, was an English mathematician and writer chiefly known for her work on Charles Babbage's early mechanical general-purpose computer, the Analytical Engine.

Blue plaque to Lovelace in St. James's Square, London

Throughout her life, Ada was strongly interested in scientific developments.

Ada Lovelace died at the age of 36 - the same age that her father had died at - on 27 November 1852. 

Her notes on the engine include what is recognised as the first algorithm intended to be carried out by a machine.

Because of this, she is described as the world's first computer programmer.

On the 197th anniversary of her birth, Google dedicated its Google Doodle to her.

Lovelace's diagram from Note G, the first published computer algorithm:

The programming language Ada is named after her.

Ada Lovelace Day

• an annual event celebrated in mid-October whose goal is to "...raise the profile of women in science, technology, engineering and maths."

The Ada Initiative

• a non-profit organization dedicated to increasing the involvement of women in the free culture and open source movements.

Created by: Filip Juričan 8.a

OŠ Vladimira Nazora Pribislavec, Croatia

Teacher: Iva Naranđa

December 2014

eTwinning project Science Around Us

Computer Science Education Week 2014

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Lovelace

Grace Murray Hopper

1906 - 1992

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Born in New York in 1906, Hopper was the granddaughter of a senior civil engineer for the city of New York, and the daughter of a woman that wanted to study mathematics,

but was held back by the social norms of the late 1800s.

Motivated by her mother and supported by her father, Hopper

attended private schools, graduated from Vassar College, and received her masters degree in Mathematics and Physics, before becoming the first

woman to receive a PhD in Mathematics from Yale University.

She was teaching mathematics at Vassar when she decided to serve her country

during World War II. She had to overcome some obstacles because of her size and age and get special permission to leave Vassar,

but she was sworn into the US Navy Reserve in December 1943 at age 34.

She joined the WAVES (women accepted for volunteer emergency service) program, as women hadn't achieved permanent status in the

armed services yet.

Once there, she was assigned to the bureau of ordinance computation project at Harvard

University where she joined the first programming team for the Mark I computer. It was the largest electromechanical calculator

ever built and the first automatic digital calculator in the United States.

Mark I computer

In 1946 Hopper was released from active duty and worked at Harvard's Computation

Laboratory on the Mark II and III. While there, she popularized the term "computer bug" after her team found a moth causing

problems inside the Mark II. 

Three years later she joined the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation and worked on designing the first commercial large-scale electronic computer, UNIVAC I.

Soon after, Hopper attended the Conference on Data Systems Languages

where FLOW-MATIC served as an inspiration in developing COBOL (common business oriented language), one of the first modern

programming languages.

COBOL made computers more user-friendly, which made them useful for a wide range of applications, not just for

solving math problems and doing calculations.

Her work on the program earned her the nickname "mother of COBOL."

“Mother of COBOL ”

She didn't accept that girls shouldn't study math, or quit when the Navy said she couldn't enlist because of her size and age, and she proved everyone wrong when it was believed that data processing problems could only deal with numbers.

Made by: Nika Bašić, 8.aOŠ Vladimira Nazora Pribislavec, Croatia

Teacher: Iva Naranđa2014/2015

sources:http://www.biography.com/people/grace-hopper-21406809http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/hopper.htm