our dying earth

8/13/2019 Our Dying Earth

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INTERDISCIPLINARY

ECOLOGY

CHEMISTRY

ECONOMICSPOLITICS

GEOLOGY

SYSTEMS

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE


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1-1 LIVINGSUSTAINABLY


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Questions to ask

How the Earth works?

How are we affecting the Earths life supports

system? How to deal with environmental problems?

What laws? When do we phase it in?


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What do you think is our most serious environmental problem?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

0%

7% 7%

0%

36%

0%

7%

14%

7%

21%

a) Corruption in governments and businesses,

and bad economic policies

b) Destruction of biodiversity

c) Environmental impacts from human poverty

and hunger

d) Genetic engineering of organisms

e) Greenhouse Effect (global warming) and

resulting climatic changes

f) Human diseases (cancer, malaria, AIDS,

etc.)

g) Human overpopulation

h) Nuclear, chemical and biological weapons of

mass destruction

i) Poor farming techniques (soil erosion,

overuse of pesticides, livestock wastes, etc.)

j) Wasting of valuable and nonrenewable

resources


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Six important environmental

issues Population growth

Increasing resource use

Global climate change

Premature extinction of plants and animals

Pollution Poverty


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LIVING SUSTAINABLY

SOLAR CAPITAL -PROVIDES 99%OF OURENERGY WE USE ON

EARTH. EARTH CAPITAL -

LIFE-SUPPORT ANDECONOMIC SERVICES.

SUSTAINABILITY - ISTHE ABILITY OF ASPECIFIED SYSTEM TOSURVIVE ANDFUNCTION OVER A

SPECIFIED TIME.


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SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE

HARVEST SUPPLY OF

RESOURCES THAT

CAN BEHARVESTED EACH

YEAR.


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SUSTAINABLE EARTH

EARTH CAPITAL ARE USED AND

MAINTAINEDOVER TIME.


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What is sustainability?

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90%

0%0%

10%

1. Satisfying basic needs without

depleting or degrading resources

2. Maximizing resource use

3. Reducing resource use even if it

means some big sacrifices by

human beings

4. Halting further resource use and

limiting human progress


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SUSTAINABLE SOCIETY

MANAGES ITS ECONOMY ANDPOPULATION SIZE WITHOUT EXCEEDINGALL OR PART OF THE PLANETS ABILITYTO ABSORB ENVIRONMENTAL INSULTS,

REPLENISH ITS RESOURCES,ANDSUSTAIN HUMAN AND OTHER FORMS OFLIFE OVER A SPECIFIED PERIOD.

HUNDREDS OF YEARS.


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CARRYING CAPACITY

DEFINED AS THE

MAXIMUM

NUMBER OFORGANISMS A

LOCAL,REGIONAL,

OR GLOBAL

ENVIRONMENTCAN SUPPORT

OVER A SPECIFIED

PERIOD.

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CARRYING CAPACITY

VARIES BY LOCATION

GLOBAL CHANGES

TYPES OF TECHNOLOGY USES TO

EXTRACT AND PROCESS THE

RESOURCES


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ARE WE LIVING OFF THE

INTEREST OR THE PRINCIPAL?


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1-2

GROWTH AND THE WEALTH GAP


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LINEAR POPULATION

GROWTH IS A QUANTITY THAT INCREASES AT

A CONSTANT AMOUNT PER UNIT OF

TIME. IF PLOTTED ON A GRAPH IT WOULD

BE A STRAIGHT LINE.


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EXPONENTIAL GROWTH

IS WHERE THE QUANTITY INCREASESBY AFIXED PERCENTAGE OF THE WHOLE IN A GIVEN

TIME AS EACH INCREASE IS APPLIED TO THE

BASE FOR FURTHER GROWTH.

IS J SHAPED.

DOUBLING TIME - THE RULE OF 70.

70/% OF GROWTH RATE = DOUBLING TIME INYEARS.

k = (1/t)ln(N/N0)

t = (1/k)ln(N/N0)


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Which of the following would not be an example of sound science?

1 2 3 4

25% 25%25%25%

1. Calculating the destruction of trees in a forest

based on historical cut rates

2. Calculating the pollution in a stream based on

chemical analysis

3. Developing a plan on how to conserve

resources based on opinion polls

4. Forecasting CO2levels in a region based on

historical emissions


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Because developing

nations make up

81% of the worldspopulation, they

generate most of the

pollution and waste

as well as using

most of the worlds

resources.

1 2

50%50%

1. True

2. False


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Based on the map, in

which three countries

would you not expect

to find high levels of

poverty?

1. United States, Argentina,

Japan2. United States, China,

Australia

3. Greenland, Kenya, South

Africa

4. Mexico, Brazil, Canada

1 2 3 4

25% 25%25%25%


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How many people live on the

earth?

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25% 25%25%25%

1. About 5 million

2. About 2 billion3. Over 6 billion

4. Over 10 billion


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DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

LOW INDUSTRIALIZATION AND PER CAPITA

GNPs.

MAKES UP 80% OF THE WORLDS POPULATION.

15% OF THE WORLDS WEALTH AND INCOME.

ONLY USE 12% OF THE WORLDS RESOURCES.


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Most population growth is

projected to occur in:

1 2

50%50%

1. Developed

countries2. Developing

countries


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More Developed

Country

Less Developed

Country


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TOO MANY RICH PEOPLEWEIGHING RELATIVE BURDENS ON THE PLANET

READ PAUL EHRLICHS ESSAY.

WRITE A COUNTER POINT ESSAY.

TYPED 2 pages.

20 POINTS. Test points

Due Friday the 9th


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1-3

RESOURCES


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Nonrenewable resources:

1 2 3 4

25% 25%25%25%

1. Are fixed in quantity

2. Include solar energy3. Degrade quickly

once they have been

extracted from the

earth

4. Can be exhausted

completely


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WHAT IS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT?

IS THE CURRENT GROWTH RATE SUSTAINABLE

IN THE FUTURE?

THIS IDEA ASSUMES THAT WE RIGHT TO USE THE

EARTHS RESOURCES AND EARTH CAPITAL TO

MEET OUR NEEDS BUT THAT WE HAVE THE

OBLIGATION TO PASS ON THE EARTHS

RESOURCES AND SERVICES TO FUTUREGENERATIONS IN AS GOOD OR BETTER SHAPE

THAN THESE CONDITIONS WERE PASSED ON TO

US.

SHOULD WE LIVE FOR TODAY AND NOT CARE

ABOUT HOW FUTURE WILL BE AFFECTED?


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ECOLOGICAL VS. ECONOMIC

RESOURCES

ECOLOGICAL RESOURCE - IS ANYTHING

REQUIRED BY AN ORGANISM FOR NORMAL

MAINTENANCE, GROWTH, AND PRODUCTION.

ECONOMIC RESOURCE - IS ANYTHING OBTAINED

FROM THE ENVIRONMENT TO MEET HUMAN

NEEDS AND WANTS.


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RENEWABLE RESOURCES

RENEWABLE RESOURCES - SOLAR.

POTENTIALLY RENEWABLE RESOURCES -

CAN BE REPLENISHED FAIRLY RAPIDLYTHROUGH NATURAL PROCESSES.

BIODIVERSITY

GENETIC DIVERSITY

SPECIES DIVERSITY

ECOLOGICAL DIVERSITY

VARIETY PROVIDES MORE

RESOURCES.


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Which of the following countries has the

highest ecological footprint per capita?

1 2 3 4

25% 25%25%25%

1. India

2. The Netherlands3. The United States

4. All are about the

same


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Slide 8

United States

The Netherlands

India

CountryPer Capita Ecological Footprint

(Hectares of land per person)

10.9

5.9

1.0

Figure 1-8 (1)

Page 10


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Slide 9

CountryTotal Ecological Footprint

(Hectares)

United States

The Netherlands

India

3 billion

hectares

94 million hectares

1 billion

hectares

Figure 1-8 (2)

Page 10


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Fig. 113b

More Major Problems

Brooks/Cole Publishing Company / ITP


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Fig. 113c

Still More Major Problems

Brooks/Cole Publishing Company / ITP


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i k i d


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THE TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS.

IF I DO NOT USE THIS RESOURCE, SOMEONE ELSE WILL. THELITTLE BIT I USE OR POLLUTE IS NOT ENOUGH TO MATTER.

WITH ONLY A FEW USES, THIS LOGIC WORKS. HOWEVER, THE

CUMULATIVE EFFECT OF MANY PEOPLE TRYING TO EXHAUSTS

OR RUINS IT. THEN NO ONE CAN BENEFIT FROM IT, AND

THEREIN LIES THE TRAGEDY.

Q i kTi d


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POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

USE THE COMMON-PROPERTY RESOURCE AT RATES BELOW WHAT IS

SUSTAINABLE BY REDUCING POPULATION AND REGULATING ACCESS.

PROBLEMS -

CONVERT THE COMMON-PROPERTY TO PRIVATE OWNERSHIP.

PROBLEMS -

COMMAND-AND-CONTROL IS THE USE OF TAXES AND THE FREE-MARKET

PROBLEMS -

Wh t i th t d f th


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What is the tragedy of the

commons?

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25% 25%25%25%1. The depletion of non-

renewable resources

2. The degradation of

renewable free-accessresources

3. The seizing of natural

resources by government

4. The underuse of resourcesthat could benefit needy

people


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1-4

POLLUTION


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POINT SOURCE - COMES FROM A SINGLE, IDENTIFIABLE

SOURCE.

NONPOINT SOURCE - RUNOFF

THREE FACTORS DETERMINED HOW SEVERE THE HARMFUL

EFFECTS OF A POLLUTANT ARE.

1. THE CONCENTRATION LEVEL. ppm ppt

2. CHEMICAL NATURE. How active and harmful it is in

nature?

3. HALF LIFE OR THE PERSISTENCE OF THE

POLLUTANT. ex BIODEGRADABLE

DDT IS AN EXAMPLE OF A PERSISTENT POLLUTANT.


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SOLUTIONS TO POLLUTION

POLLUTION CONTROL-INPUT CONTROL

THREE Rs

POLLUTION PREVENTION- OUTPUT CONTROL

1. TEMPORARY BANDAGE.

2. THE CLEANUP OF ONE TYPE OF POLLUTANT MAY

CAUSE ANOTHER TYPE OF POLLUTION PROBLEM.

3. COST IS TO HIGH.ONLY 1 % IS SPENT ON PREVENTION


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1-5 ENVIRONMENTAL AND

RESOURCE PROBLEMS: CAUSE

AND CONNECTIONS


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RAPID POPULATION GROWTH

RAPID AND WASTEFUL USE OF RESOURCES WITH TOO

LITTLE EMPHASIS ON POLLUTION PREVENTION AND

WASTE REDUCTION

POVERTY

FAILURE OF POLICIES THAT ENCOURAGE SUSTAINABLE

GROWTH

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Population X Affluence X Technology = Impact

IMPORTANT

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1-8

ENVIRONMENTAL WORLD VIEWS

AND SUSTAINABILITY


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WHATS THE USE OF A HOUSE IF YOU

DONT HAVE A DECENT PLANET TO

PUT IT ON? THOREAU ENVIRONMENTAL WORLDVIEWS

PLANETARY MANAGEMENT

WORLDVIEW.


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Environmental wisdom view

Nature exist for all

There is not always more

Some economic growth is good while somemight effect the environment


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Working Toward Sustainability

Some Guidelines Leave the earth as good or better than we found it.

Take no more than we need.

Try not to harm life, air, water, soil.

Protect biodiversity.

Help maintain Earth's capacity for self repair. Don't use potentially renewable resources faster than

they are replenished.

Don't waste resources.

Don't release pollutants faster than Earth's naturalprocesses can dilute or degrade them.

Slow the rate of population growth.

Reduce poverty.

our dying earth

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