Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires

By: Mr. Mitchell

Ottoman Empire Osman, leader of many Turks, reclaims

land lost by Byzantines.

Well known ghazi- warrior for Islam

Followers of Osman are known as OTTOMANS. Leader of Ottoman Empire known as Sultan.

Mehmed II Took control of

Constantinople

Renamed the city Istanbul, and opened it up to Jews, Christians and Muslims

Suleyman The Great Most well-known leader of the Ottoman Empire.

Land spread throughout Southeastern Europe and Middle East.

Created law codes for purposes such as Taxation Criminal and civil actions

Usage of devishirme- drafting young boys from conquered lands to use as their own soldiers.

Suleyman continued….. Janissaries- trained soldiers loyal to SULEYMAN

and no one else.

Sharia Law- Islamic law (What the Ottomans were ruled by)

Golden Age of Islam- cultural apex for Islam

Decline of the Ottomans After WWI, the Ottoman lands were divided up.

Safavid Empire Shia Muslim Empire in Persia

Founded by Ismail, who later gives himself the title of Shah (king) Known as a religious tyrant, Ismail has many Sunni

Muslims killed in surrounding lands

Shah Abbas Most well-known leader of the Safavid Empire.

Religiously tolerant, opened up empire to trade with Europe.

Carpet weaving becomes a national industry

Esfahan- Capital of Safavid Empire

Mughal Empire Known for being descendants

of Genghis Khan and Timur the Lame Empire in the countries of

India, Pakistan

Babur Gains power as a younger

child before being dethroned by elders

Eventually, regains his land and forms the Mughal Empire

Akbar Grandson of Babur

Empire consisted of over 100 million people People unified

through diplomacy and military conquests (usage of cannons!!!!)

Made efforts to have Hindus and Muslims in his empire get along.

Shah Jahan Descendant of Akbar

Most well known for ordering the construction of the Taj Mahal for his wife Constant military

campaigns and road projects caused taxes to rise in the empire

Many lived in poverty, famine prevalent

Aurangzeb 3rd son of Shah Jahan, wins empire by civil war in

India. Expands empire to its largest size ever Strict enforcer of Islamic Law, tries to rid empire of

Hindus Taxes Hindus and wages war with them often. Millions die of famine during his reign.

Freely allows European powers to have ports in his empire. Proves detrimental because eventually, Britain will take

advantage of this and claim India as one of their own colonies.