Other models

A Practical FrameworkExternal Influences political context

evidencelinks

Campaigning, Lobbying

Politics and Policymaking

Media, Advocacy, Networking Research,

learning & thinking

Scientific information exchange & validation

Policy analysis, & research

What you need to know• The external environment: Who are the key actors?

What is their agenda? How do they influence the political context?

• The political context: Is there political interest in change? Is there room for manoeuvre? How do they perceive the problem?

• The evidence: Is it there? Is it relevant? Is it practically useful? Are the concepts familiar or new? Does it need re-packaging?

• Links: Who are the key individuals? Are there existing networks to use? How best to transfer the information? The media? Campaigns?

What researchers need to doWhat researchers need to know

What researchers need to do

How to do it

Political Context:

Evidence

Links

• Who are the policymakers?• Is there demand for ideas?• What is the policy process?

• What is the current theory?• What are the narratives?• How divergent is it?

• Who are the stakeholders?• What networks exist?• Who are the connectors,

mavens and salesmen?

• Get to know the policymakers.• Identify friends and foes.• Prepare for policy

opportunities. • Look out for policy windows.

• Work with them – seek commissions

• Strategic opportunism – prepare for known events + resources for others

• Establish credibility• Provide practical solutions• Establish legitimacy.• Present clear options• Use familiar narratives.

• Build a reputation• Action-research• Pilot projects to generate

legitimacy• Good communication

• Get to know the others• Work through existing

networks.• Build coalitions.• Build new policy networks.

• Build partnerships.• Identify key networkers,

mavens and salesmen.• Use informal contacts

Paravets in Kenya1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

Professionalisation of Public Services.

Structural Adjustment → collapse.

Paravet projects emerge.

ITDG projects.

Privatisation.

ITDG Paravet network.

Rapid spread in North.

KVB letter (January 1998).

Multistakeholder WSs → new policies.

Still not approved / passed!

Paravets in Kenya - Political Context1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

Professionalisation of Public Services.

Structural Adjustment → collapse of services.

Paravet projects emerge.

ITDG projects.

Privatisation.

ITDG Paravet network.

Rapid spread in North.

KVB letter (January 1998).

Multistakeholder WSs → new policies.

Still not approved / passed!

Professionalisation of Public Services.

Structural Adjustment

Privatisation

ITDG Paravet network and change of DVS.

KVB letter (January 1998).

Multistakeholder WSs → new policies.

Paravets in Kenya - Research1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

Professionalisation of Public Services.

Structural Adjustment → collapse of services.

Paravet projects emerge.

ITDG projects.

Privatisation.

ITDG Paravet network.

Rapid spread in North.

KVB letter (January 1998).

Multistakeholder WSs → new policies.

Still not approved / passed!

Professionalisation of Public Services.

Structural Adjustment

Privatisation

ITDG Paravet network and change of DVS.

KVB letter (January 1998).

Multistakeholder WSs → new policies.

ITDG projects – collaborative action research.

The Hubl Study

International Research

1970s

1980s

1990s

2000s

Professionalisation of Public Services.

Structural Adjustment → collapse of services.

Paravet projects emerge.

ITDG projects.

Privatisation.

ITDG Paravet network.

Rapid spread in North.

KVB letter (January 1998).

Multistakeholder WSs → new policies.

Still not approved / passed!

Professionalisation of Public Services.

Structural Adjustment

Privatisation

ITDG Paravet network and change of DVS.

KVB letter (January 1998).

Multistakeholder WSs → new policies.

ITDG projects – collaborative action research.

International Research

The Hubl StudyDr Kajume

Paravets in Kenya - Links

• Political stagnation, professional protectionism

• Practical evidence invisible to policy makers

• Powerful individuals, “professional” interests

• Bad timing - ITDG missed the boat – twice!

• A “Tipping Point”

• New champions

• Collaborative policy-research

Paravets in Kenya - Lessons

What should ITDG have done?• Learned more about the political context

• Involved more policy makers earlier

• Collected more empirical data & used it better

• Seized the chance in 1989

• Involved non-livestock policy makers

• Controlled the “club”

• Looked for champions

• Involved bilaterals and multilaterals

When and how to use it• Historical analysis of a policy event

– Identify the event– Elaborate the history – critical events, key people– Review context, evidence and links at key

moments– Identify & prioritise the influences

• Current analysis & strategic planning– Identify key players– “Workshop” the issues & develop a strategy for

maximising impact

A current example• to maximise impact of DFID forest/ground

water research project in India• Researchers, policy makers and activists• Used framework to analyse factors in

water sector in India• Developed strategy for final phase:

– Less research– More communication– Developing champions in regional and national

government – Local, Regional & National advocacy campaign

Policy entrepreneurs

Storytellers

Engineers

Networkers

Fixers

>44 = Low

Policy Entrepreneur Scores

<23 = V.High

<30 = High

Herman Joseph Kraft 37 30 29 54Vijay Kanapathy 18 32 46 54Hach Sok 28 38 40 44Prof Ragayah Hj Mat Zin 40 26 36 48

Average

Ashley Parashram 45 25 35 45Bernard Lawer Tetteh-Dumanya 36 27 37 50Dan Start 26 34 43 47David Redhouse 39 36 39 36Enrique Mendizabal 40 29 37 44Gerry Power 39 35 35 41Harinder Janjua 22 38 43 47Karen Iles 41 37 40 32Lydia Richardson 39 36 39 36Marta Foresti 42 30 38 40Michael Majale 36 36 37 41Mike Albu 41 32 32 45Monica Blagescu 38 37 35 40Patrick Watt 31 41 41 37Richard Graham 37 26 37 48

Average 37 33 38 42

>44 = Low

Policy Entrepreneurs in UK

<23 = V.High

<30 = High

Any Questions?