Other MedicinesOther Medicines

Andrenergic Antagonists Andrenergic Antagonists (Blockers)(Blockers)

Bind to receptor site but do not cause an Bind to receptor site but do not cause an actionaction

Alpha & Beta receptor blockersAlpha & Beta receptor blockers Alpha blockersAlpha blockers

decrease peripheral resistancedecrease peripheral resistance decrease heart ratedecrease heart rate decrease blood pressure decrease blood pressure

Beta blockersBeta blockers decrease blood pressuredecrease blood pressure decrease cardiac outputdecrease cardiac output

Blockers cont.Blockers cont.

Beta blockers treatment for:Beta blockers treatment for: anginaangina cardiac arrhythmiascardiac arrhythmias

Adverse effectsAdverse effects brachycardiabrachycardia orthostatic hypertensionorthostatic hypertension fatiguefatigue drowsinessdrowsiness

Antihypertensive Drugs Antihypertensive Drugs (High Blood Pressure)(High Blood Pressure)

High blood pressure > 140/90High blood pressure > 140/90 Due to increase in vascular smooth muscle Due to increase in vascular smooth muscle

tone, increase resistance in blood vesselstone, increase resistance in blood vessels Cause – heredity, stress, increase salt in Cause – heredity, stress, increase salt in

diet, obesity, smokingdiet, obesity, smoking Types of medicinesTypes of medicines

DiureticsDiuretics Beta blockersBeta blockers ACE inhibitorsACE inhibitors Calcium Channel blockersCalcium Channel blockers

Antihyperlipidemic DrugsAntihyperlipidemic Drugs(Cholesterol Reducing)(Cholesterol Reducing)

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitorsHMG-CoA reductase inhibitors inhibit cholesterol synthesisinhibit cholesterol synthesis deplete intracellular supply of cholesterol which deplete intracellular supply of cholesterol which

lowers plasma cholesterol, increase removal from lowers plasma cholesterol, increase removal from bodybody

Examples:Examples: ZocorZocor LipitorLipitor PravacholPravachol Generic names end in “vastatin”Generic names end in “vastatin”

Combine with diet and exerciseCombine with diet and exercise Adverse effectsAdverse effects

muscle pain, elevated liver enzymesmuscle pain, elevated liver enzymes

Depression Depression

Depression – due to a chemical imbalanceDepression – due to a chemical imbalance lack of serotonin & norepinephrine & lack of serotonin & norepinephrine &

dopamine (neurotransmitters)dopamine (neurotransmitters)

Signs & SymptomsSigns & Symptoms intense sadness, hopelessness, despair, intense sadness, hopelessness, despair,

inability to experience pleasure, change in inability to experience pleasure, change in appetite or sleep habitsappetite or sleep habits

TreatmentTreatment MedicationsMedications CounselingCounseling

Antidepressant DrugsAntidepressant Drugs Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA)Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCA)

blocks norepinephrine & serotonin uptake in the blocks norepinephrine & serotonin uptake in the presynaptic nerve terminalspresynaptic nerve terminals

effects – elevate mood, improve mental alertness, effects – elevate mood, improve mental alertness, increase physical activityincrease physical activity

adverse effects – blurred vision, dry mouth, sedationadverse effects – blurred vision, dry mouth, sedation Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI)Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOI)

MAO – enzyme inactivates norepinephrine, serotonin, MAO – enzyme inactivates norepinephrine, serotonin, & dopamine& dopamine

MAOI – inactivates the enzymeMAOI – inactivates the enzyme many side effects & interactions w/ medicines & many side effects & interactions w/ medicines &

foodsfoods adverse effects – headache, nausea, cardiac adverse effects – headache, nausea, cardiac

arrhythmias, stroke, blurred vision, dry moutharrhythmias, stroke, blurred vision, dry mouth

Antidepressant Drugs cont.Antidepressant Drugs cont. Selective Serotonin Receptor Inhibitors (SSRI)Selective Serotonin Receptor Inhibitors (SSRI)

specifically inhibit uptake of serotoninspecifically inhibit uptake of serotonin side effects – nausea, anxiety, insomnia, sexual side effects – nausea, anxiety, insomnia, sexual

dysfunction, weight loss, tremorsdysfunction, weight loss, tremors examples:examples:

ProzacProzac ZoloftZoloft PaxilPaxil CelexaCelexa Luvox – pediatric useLuvox – pediatric use

All drugs may take several weeks for effects All drugs may take several weeks for effects to be seento be seen

Attention Deficit DisorderAttention Deficit Disorder

Treat with stimulants to promote CNS Treat with stimulants to promote CNS functioningfunctioning

ExamplesExamples RitalinRitalin DexedrineDexedrine

Side / Adverse effectsSide / Adverse effects mania, insomnia, hallucinations, dizziness, mania, insomnia, hallucinations, dizziness,

nervousness, irritabilitynervousness, irritability