Other Data Storage Other Data Storage devicesdevices

88thth Level – Added Part Level – Added Part

Time l ineTime l ine

1951 1956 1969 1988 1995 2000 20061994

Magnetic tapesMagnetic tapes

Magnetic tape was first used to record computer data in 1951 on the Eckert-Mauchly UNIVAC I compagny.The highest capacity tape media are generally on the same order as the largest available disk drives (about 1 TB in 2007).

Some magnetic tapesSome magnetic tapes

From left to right: DDS-4 tape (20 GB), 112m Data8 tape (2.5 GB), QIC DC-6250 tape (250 MB), and a 3.5" floppy disk (1.44 MB).

Hard DiskHard Disk

Invented by Invented by IBMIBM in 1954 and introduced in in 1954 and introduced in computers in computers in 19561956..

TechnologyTechnology

Six hard drives with 8″, 5.25″, Six hard drives with 8″, 5.25″, 3.5″3.5″ , , 2.5″2.5″ , 1.8″ and 1″ disks, 1.8″ and 1″ disks

External hard diskExternal hard disk

Floppy Disks:Floppy Disks:

Invented by IBM,

•1969 (1971):floppy disks in 8-inch (200 mm),

•1976:5¼-inch (133.35 mm),

•1982:3½-inch (90 mm).

Was the most popular storage device from the mid-1970s to the late 1990s

8-inch, 5¼-inch and 3½-inch 8-inch, 5¼-inch and 3½-inch Floppy disk drives Floppy disk drives

Floppy Disk Drive 8 inchFloppy Disk Drive 8 inch

Some Disk formats and their capacit iesSome Disk formats and their capacit ies

Floppy Disk formatFloppy Disk format Year introduced Year introduced capacity capacity 8-inch - IBM 8-inch - IBM 1971 1971 80 KB80 KB8-inch Memorex 8-inch Memorex 1972 1972 175 KB175 KB8-inch - IBM8-inch - IBM 1977 1977 1.2 MB1.2 MB5¼-inch Shugart5¼-inch Shugart 19761976 90 KB90 KB5¼-inch Apple 5¼-inch Apple 1980 1980 140 KB 140 KB 5¼-inch HD 5¼-inch HD 19821982 1.2 MB1.2 MB3½-inch - HP 3½-inch - HP 1982 1982 280 KB280 KB3-inch DD 3-inch DD 19841984 720 KB720 KB3½-inch HD3½-inch HD 19871987 1.44 MB1.44 MB 3½-inch ED 3½-inch ED 19871987 2.88 MB …2.88 MB …

If you have no Floppy disk If you have no Floppy disk drivedrive=> use => use Usb floppy disk Usb f loppy disk drivedrive

Floppy disk -> Saving Floppy disk -> Saving iconicon

The Zip disk media The Zip disk media

The Zip drive is a medium-capacity removable disk The Zip drive is a medium-capacity removable disk storage system, introduced by Iomega in late storage system, introduced by Iomega in late 1994.1994.

- Zip 100 MB - Zip 250 MB

- Zip 750 MB

CD-RCD-R

A CD-R (Compact Disc-Recordable) is a variation of the Compact Disc invented by Phil ips and Sony in 1988.

CDs Capacit iesCDs Capacit ies

Physical sizeAudio Capacity

CD-ROM Data Capacity

Note

12 cm 74–99 min 650–870 MB Standard size

8 cm 21–24 min 185–210 MB Mini-CD size

SpeedSpeedDrive speed Data rate Write time for 80 minute/700 MB CD-R

1X 150 KB/s 80 minutes

4X 600 KB/s 20 minutes

8X 1200 KB/s 10 minutes

12X 1800 KB/s 6.7 minutes

32X 4800 KB/s 2.5 minutes

52X 7800 KB/s 1.5 minutes

PackagingPackaging

DVD founded in DVD founded in 19951995 by many companies. by many companies. Its main uses are Its main uses are videovideo and and datadata storage. storage.

DVDs Capacit iesDVDs Capacit ies

Designation Sides Layers Total

Diameter Capacity

(cm) (GB) (GiB)

DVD-1 SS SL 1 1 8 1.46 1.36

DVD-2 SS DL 1 2 8 2.66 2.47

DVD-3 DS SL 2 2 8 2.92 2.72

DVD-4 DS DL 2 4 8 5.32 4.95

DVD-5 SS SL 1 1 12 4.70 4.38

DVD-9 SS DL 1 2 12 8.54 7.95

DVD-10 DS SL 2 2 12 9.40 8.75

DVD-14 DS DL/SL 2 3 12 13.24 12.33

DVD-18 DS DL 2 4 12 17.08 15.90

DVD drive speeds DVD drive speeds Drive speed

Data rate ~Write time (min)

(Mbit/s) (MB/s) (MiB/s) SL DL

1× 10.80 1.35 1.29 61 107

2× 21.60 2.70 2.57 31 54

2.4× 25.92 3.24 3.09 25 45

2.6× 28.08 3.51 3.35 23 41

4× 43.20 5.40 5.15 15 27

6× 64.80 8.10 7.72 10 18

8× 86.40 10.80 10.30 8 13

10× 108.00 13.50 12.87 6 11

12× 129.60 16.20 15.45 5 9

16× 172.80 21.60 20.60 4 7

18× 194.40 24.30 23.17 3 6

20× 216.00 27.00 25.75 3 5

22× 237.60 29.70 28.32 3 5

24× 259.20 32.40 30.90 3 4

Flash memoryFlash memory

Flash Disk Flash Disk ((USB Flash DriveUSB Flash Drive ))

Trek Technology and IBMTrek Technology and IBM began selling the first USB began selling the first USB flash drives flash drives (8 MB)(8 MB) commercially in commercially in 2000.2000. it’s flash it’s flash memory device that connects to a computer's USB memory device that connects to a computer's USB port. port.

They are typically small, lightweight, removable and They are typically small, lightweight, removable and rewritable. Storage capacities can range from rewritable. Storage capacities can range from 16 MB16 MB to to 256 GB.256 GB.

Blu-ray VS HD DVDBlu-ray VS HD DVD2006-20082006-2008

Blu-ray Disc (also known as Blu-ray or BD) Blu-ray Disc (also known as Blu-ray or BD) Its main uses are for storing high-definition Its main uses are for storing high-definition video, PlayStation 3 games, and other data.video, PlayStation 3 games, and other data.

The 1The 1stst Blu-ray disc was created by Blu-ray disc was created by Sony Sony and other companies in 2005, then arrives and other companies in 2005, then arrives to markets at mid to markets at mid 20062006. .

Blu-rays Capacit iesBlu-rays Capacit ies

TypePhysical

sizeSingle layer

capacityDual layer

capacity

Standard disc size 12 cm25 GB

(23 866 MB) 50 GB

(47 732 MB)

Mini disc size 8 cm7.8 GB (7 430 MB)

15.6 GB (14 860 MB)

In January 2007, Hitachi showcased a 100 GB Blu-ray Disc

In December 2008, Pioneer Corporation unveiled a 400 GB Blu-ray Disc

Ongoing development is under way to create a 1 TB Blu-ray Disc as soon as 2013.

Recording speedRecording speed

Drive speedData rate Write time for Blu-ray Disc

(minutes)

Mbit/s MB/s Single-Layer Dual-Layer

1× 36 4.5 90 180

2× 72 9 45 90

4× 144 18 23 45

6× 216 27 15 30

8× 288 36 12 23

12× 432 54 8 15

Byte ?Byte ?

Binary data consists of just two values, 0 and 1.

The term 'bit' comes from 'binary digit '

Why 1024 (2Why 1024 (2 1010 ) ?) ?Since computer memory is designed with binary logic, multiples are expressed in powers of 2, rather than 10.

1024 number has no special significance to computers, but is important to humans because we make use of powers of 10.

Symbol Prefix SI Meaning Binary meaning

k kilo 103=1000 210 = 1024

M mega 106 220

G giga 109 230

T tera 1012 240

P peta 1015 250

E exa 1018 260

Z zetta 1021 270

Y Yotta 1024 280