Session 6D

OT Theory

Person – Environment – Occupation (PEO) Model

Environment

Occupation

Person

Occupational Performance

•Person: A unique being who, across time and space, participates in a variety of roles important to him/her

•Environment: Cultural, institutional, physical, and social factors outside a person that affect occupational performance

•Occupation: Any self-directed, functional task or activity in which a person engages over the life span

PEO Model -Key Terms

PEO Model - Key Terms (con’t)

Occupational Performance

• Performing a task related to participation in a major life area• Shaped by transaction that occurs between person,

occupation, and environment• Requires ability to balance occupations and views of self and

environment that sometimes conflict – and to encompass changing priorities

• Best measured by self-report

Central Features

Person – Environment – Occupation – Performance (PEOP) Model

Key Terms

• Person –physical, social, and psychological aspects of the

individual

• Environment – physical and social supports and those

things that interfere with the individual’s performance

• Occupation – everyday things people do and find

meaningful

• Performance – the actions of occupations

O&H p. 137)

Assessment Procedures• Identify the intrinsic and extrinsic factors

that support and/or limit the occupations, activities, or roles of the client.•Determine the client’s occupational

performance status.•Consider the environmental context in

which the client typically performs.•Assess the person’s “assets and deficits.”

Central Features

A review of both models

“Perhaps the most therapeutic action the occupational therapy practitioners can do is to always hold in mind each person’s hopes, dreams, and experiences while at the same time understanding all the many person and environmental factors that affect that person and his or her occupation.”(Boyt Schell & Gillen, 2014, p. 747)

Theory of Occupational Adaptation

Occupational Adaptation (OA)

Adaptation is a normative process that is most pronounced in periods of transition.

adaptiveness active participationin occupations

OA: Key Terms• Occupational Adaptation: specifically to how

occupation and adaptation become integrated into a single internal phenomenon within client.

• Occupations: activities characterized by three properties - active participation, meaning to the person, and a product that is the output of a process (tangible or intangible)

• Adaptation: a change in functional state of the person as a result of movement toward relative mastery over occupational challenges

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OA: Implications for Practice

• Main goal- client’s ability to adapt is used to maximize effectiveness to adapt

• Client is assisted in choosing occupational roles and these guide treatment

• Using occupational readiness and occupational activity• OT focuses on clients ability to adapt by directing

intervention towards the three subprocesses• Treatment needs to progress quickly to meaningful

activities

Application of OT Theory

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Case Study: https://vimeo.com/92030222

The KAWA Model

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Website: http://www.kawamodel.com

OverviewTheory Role of OT Main Points Key Terms Tools Notes

OA

MOHO

CMOP-E COPM

PEO

PEOP

LBM LBI

OTPF - Domain & Process

TRUE or FALSE?• A definition of OT can be found in the preface.• Several definitions for occupation can be found within

the Framework.• The OTPF is divided into 3 sections: domain, process,

and outcomes.• Purposeful activities are described as one type of

intervention within the Framework.• The OTPF supports a top-down approach to

intervention.

Review

References• Baum, C. M., & Law, M. (1997). Occupational therapy practice: Focusing on occupational

performance. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 51(4), 277-288. • Boyt Schell, B. A., Gillen, G., & Scaffa, M. E. (2013). Willard & Spackman’s occupational

therapy (12th ed.). Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.• Christiansen, C., et al. (2005). Occupational therapy: Performance, participation, and well-

being, Slack Thorofare, NJ.)• Cole, M. B., & Tufano, R. (2008). Applied theories in occupational therapy: A practice

approach. Thorofare, NJ: Slack, Inc.• Law, M. (1991). “The environment: a focus for occupational therapy.” Canadian Journal of

Occupational Therapy 58(4).• Letts, L., et al. (1994). “Person-Environment Assessments in Occupational Therapy.”

Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 48(7).• Law, M. (1996). “The Person-Environment-Occupation Model: A Transactive Approach to

Occupational Performance.” Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 63(1): 9-23.• Schkade, J. & Schultz, S. 1992. Occupational Adaptation: Toward a Holistic Approach for

Contemporary Practice, Part 1. American Journal Of Occupational Therapy. 46 (9) p29 -p37• Strong, S., et al. (1999). “Application of the Person-Enviornment-Occupation Model: A

practical tool.” Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 66(3).