oss governance

© 2007 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice

Open Source Governance in the Enterprise

Bruno Cornec & Fouad BendrisOpen Source & Linux Technology ArchitectHP/Intel Solution Center

18 November 2009 FOSS Governance / Bruno Cornec / HP


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Agenda

• Introduction• Open Source in the Enterprise• What is Open Source Governance?

−Concepts−Best practices

• HP's Open Source Governance initiative−FOSSBazaar−FOSSology−HP Health Check services



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• Software engineering since 1988−Mostly Configuration Management Systems (CMS), Build systems,

quality tools, on multiple commercial Unix systems

• Discover Open Source & Linux (OSL) & first contributions in 1993• Full time on OSL since 1995, first as HP reseller then @HP• Currently…

−Technology Architect on OSL for the HP/Intel Solution Center−OSL HP Ambassador−EMEA OSL HP Profession Lead−Solutions Linux Conference board member−MondoRescue, Dploy.org, Project-Builder.org project leader−LinuxCOE, mrepo, tellico contributor−Mandriva, Fedora distribution packager

Introducting myself



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“Open Source” is three things

LicensesLicenses CommunityCommunity MethodologyMethodology

•You can use all three as a competitive advantageYou can use all three as a competitive advantage•The business model shifts to subscriptions and supportThe business model shifts to subscriptions and support•The more you get involved, the more you can influence/controlThe more you get involved, the more you can influence/control

Almost 60 licenses todaySome require that code changes be returned to the community at largeThese are called copyleft or reciprocalThey are not viralThis requirement is what makes the methodology workOther licenses are similar to the public domain and have few requirementsCopyrights are still a core foundational element of all open source licenses

Any collection of developers with a common interestHistorically made up of free agentsIncreasingly funded by large companies sharing development costsGovernments and academia also contributing at an increasing pace

Communal, shared developmentVarious projects each with their own subcultureGovernance models vary widely, some autocratic, others consensus basedVery few roadmaps, but some projects are starting to publish themInfluence and control is achieved by being integrated & involvedIndividuals are largely in control, not companies



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Free & Open Source Software (FOSS) Licenses

freeware

SunSCSL

Microsoftshared source

source codeavailablebinary-only

source withlimitations

manyjava

libraries

no-chargesoftware

shareware

AdobeReader

GNU LGPL MIT

IBM

Mozilla

W3C

Apache

no impact onother code

copyleft

GNU GPL

FOSS

BSD

Reference URL: http://www.gnu.org/licenses/licenses.en.html

http://www.gnu.org/licenses/licenses.en.html



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Redistribution is permitted without a need to pay fees for distributed copies.

Source code is available and may be modified.

Modified versions may be distributed with permission for others to do all the above.

FOSS goals are:

Knowledge sharing

Modification to adapt

Learn by looking inside

A FOSS is like a car whose hood is open

Free & Open Source Licenses Key Points



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Open Source GovernanceConcepts



8 HP Proprietary 12

What is IT Governance?

Specifying the decision rights and accountability framework to encourage desirable behavior in the use of IT. (Weill & Ross, “IT Governance”)

IT Governance is the effective management of all IT assets, functions & processes in support of the enterprise’s business objectives.

IT Governance is the organizational capacity exercised by the board, executive management and IT management to control the formulation and implementation of IT strategy and in this way ensure the fusion of business and IT. (Van Grembergen, 2002)



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Scope of IT Governance

• IT operating principles− Changes brought by extensive FOSS usage

on operational principles (buy, build, reuse, ...)

• IT project portfolio• Enterprise Architecture• IT application portfolio

− Impact of mixing stacks using FOSS, evaluation of the technical fit first.

• IT finance• IT infrastructure / operations

− FOSS deployment and management impacts

• Project/Program methodology− FOSS program office addition impact, FOSS

review in the development process

• Human capital− Employee participation, performance plan

impact, employment contract impact

• Software Development Life Cycle− Interaction with FOSS communities, its viability

• IT procurement• IT sourcing

− Impact of FOSS on In/Out sourcing

• CRM / SRM

Open Source will effect many areas within an organization’s IT governance structure depending upon the organization’s business model



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Open Source Governance: Why now?

• Compelling FOSS value proposition leading to increased pervasiveness.

• FOSS usage & contributions often unclear, under the radar. 80% of IT environments WW (Gartner) include or will include open source SW, but less than 10% are conscious of the risks incurred.

• Increasing worldwide requirements for compliance – Distribution & acquisitions issues.

• Current IT policies and processes not designed for open source:

−Usage must be reviewed in context.

−Legal exposure from ~60 OSI “approved” licenses (HP tracks 200+).

−License violations can have different consequences than traditional software.

Best practices and streamlined processes required to reap benefits and mitigate risks => Eliminate (perceived) risk of using Open Source.



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Why FOSS is any different than Commercial Software?

To use commercial software in your development process,

you must go through….

Procurement!



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Accepting and Managing Open Source

• The question is not if an enterprise should use FOSS, but rather when, how, where, and with whom.

• FOSS is unavoidable, it's even already there.• Questions that need to be answered:

−How is FOSS chosen and acquired?−Where does it come from?−How and where is it used?−How is it supported?−What version should I be running?−Is it LSB compliant?−What are the license obligations?−How is it deployed, managed, updated and secured?−How is it tracked (how is the project tracked)?



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“The goal of all of this is to reduce a barrier to adoption of FOSS by enterprises. When you can understand it and you can manage it, the FUD factor goes away.”

Christine Martino, as quoted in Matt Asay’s CNET blog on 2008-01-27



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What is Open Source Governance?

Image source: http://www.niehs.nih.gov/kids/illusion/illusions7.htm

Open source governance is a framework of policies, processes and tools that helps an organization effectively manage all of its interactions with open source software resulting in optimal use and reduced risk.



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Depends on who you ask ...

• What OSS is contained in this product I just purchased from my ISV partner? (Procurement)

• What are the license obligations for using this OSS in our company's products? (Legal)

• Which of these open source LDAP servers will best suit my IT infrastructure? (IT Department)

• Is this open source xml parser really going to save me 20% of my engineer's time? (Engineering manager)

• So, you work on our flagship management software product, but you also want to contribute to nagios? (IP Department)

• Will statically linking this OSS library to my application cause me any problems? (S/W developer)



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Open Source GovernanceBest practices



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HP’s interaction with FOSS

• Internal Usage−OpenLDAP, Jabber (XMPP), bind (DNS), postfix (SMTP), sympa,

mediawiki, etc…

• Incorporated in our Software Products−OpenView, Insight Manager, SSSTK, PSP, … many software products

including kernel modules

• Ship Open Source Distributions−Red Hat, Suse, Debian, etc…

• Embedded in our hardware products−Printers, televisions, storage devices, etc…

• Active participants in the communities−Contributors in dozens of projects (including Linux, Debian, Samba,

bind, sympa, ...)−Maintainers in several projects (including Debian, LinuxCOE,

MondoRescue, cciss, ...)http://opensource.hp.com/opensource_projects.html

http://opensource.hp.com/opensource_projects.html

http://opensource.hp.com/opensource_projects.html



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Training and awareness

Policy and processes

Automated tools and workflow

“Golden” repository of software and metadata

Open source librarian and quality assurance

Open Source Governance Maturity Model

Most customers

HP todayLevel

5

4

3

2

1



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HP Open Source Governance IP

Tools Agents:

License analysis Source code reuse Linux kernel taint

analysis LSB compliance

(conceptual) Code repository (in

development) Meta data (in

development) OSRB portal / proposal

tracking system

Best Practices (HP internally-developed)• Defined and communicated corporate-

wide policies (training, awareness & knowledge base)

• Open Source Program OfficeCentral place where all open source activities are understood for consistent communication inside/outside the company. Reponsible of http://opensource.hp.com and HP's promotion.

• Open Source Review BoardCore Governance process evolving throughout years, controlled by a virtual team of Open Source experts.Control FOSS used, delivered, shipped, new FOSS products, employee contributions, ...

• Open Source Policy Manual• Legal FOSS expertise

http://opensource.hp.com/



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HP Open Source Program Office

Proposals:(New &

Resubmit)OSRBPre-

Review

AttorneyReview

Feedback: Go/No Go, Add’l Info

GoOSRB

IPReview

OSRB check

for Add’l info

SubmitterGo

OSRBFinal

Review

Go

Approved.Reject

On-hold

Request for Add’l info

OSRB

Automated Communications

Manual Activities

Fast track



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HP's Open Source Governance initiativeNew community initiatives

Major IP contributions

New HP services



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HP FOSS Governance Initiative

23 7 mars 2008

Major HP's intellectual property contribution: • An international open source community

program launched focussed on FOSS governance including− FOSSBazaar: a Web based community to develop, share

and provide information and industry best practices to take advantage of FOSS benefits, Founded by HP along with partners: Coverity, Google, Linux Foundation, Novell, Olliance Group, OpenLogic and SourceForge

− FOSSology: a Web based community to develop an architectural framework and tools to analyze FOSS, founded by HP.

SIs/VARs

Academia

Gov/Pub Sector

Corp Developers

ISVs &IHVs

ServiceProviders

IT Mgmt

Developing and supporting the utilization of open

standards

−An ecosystem• Centered on FOSSBazaar• Partners/Corp and academia developers, best

practices and tools• HP C&I and Partners Services• HP SW BTO solutions

−Bridging

• The FOSS and the Business Communities



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Why is HP investing in FOSSBazaar and FOSSology?

• Our FSI customers have asked HP to open source our governance tools.

• Demonstrate HP’s leadership and strong commitment to the Open Source movement.−Small projects and/or vendors have begun to address some of this

need in a piece-meal fashion.

• This initiative is not in competition with any other organization or individual:−Anyone can join FOSSBazaar and access the documentation and tools,

download, modify, and use what is provided.

−Any contributor can join FOSSology.

−Competition is for products (Open Logic, Palamida, Black Duck, Krugle) and services.

• Enable C&I FOSS governance service revenue.• Leverage the power of many to speed-up the adoption of FOSS.



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FOSSBazaar

• A workgroup of the Linux Foundation• HP’s FOSS Governance Fundamentals document

• HP Whitepapers:

− “Best practices in open source governance”

− “Open source governance: Critical business considerations and strategies”

• Assessment guides:

− Open source Governance Maturity Self-assessment survey

− Open source Supportability Assessment (OSSA) tools & process

• Moderated forums

− General/getting started, legal & licensing, policy and process, security, lifecycle management, support

• Blogs authored by industry experts

• News articles

• Links providing access to sponsors/vendors

− (i.e. HP’s C&I services, OpenLogic), other open source communities of interest (i.e. openBRR)

• Tools area, − Link to FOSSology project

For FOSS users & experts in businesses, institutions & governments.



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FOSSology

Open Source Software Repository

Meta-dataDatabase

Agents

OSS Discovery &Extraction

License Detection

Code Reuse

Integration TestingResults

Vulnerability/SecurityMonitor

LSB Complianceand others…

ReportGeneration

HP Initial IP 1st Half ‘08HP contribution Future ideas

•Makes it easier to inventory, study and evaluate free and open source software. −Dedicated to the development of

Governance tools. −Encompassing a code repository, a

meta-data database, and an open source license detection agent•Add’l agents will be developed over time

−Based on an extensible architecture designed by HP (Nomos) •Enable anyone to create and easily plug-in new functionality.

−Academia, enterprise researchers & developers interested in deploying FOSS

•Download site for the FOSSology tool Software: http://www.fossology.org

http://www.fossology.org/



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Key Paradigm

• Enablement (manual process not viable)• Efficiencies (improved TCO)• Agility (improved time-to-market)• Reliability (license detection)• Scalability (single package as well as

complete distribution)

Tools are NOT a replacement for Open Source governance processes but will improve the processes by providing:



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Open Source Health Check - What is it?

• A set of services to diagnose the use of Open Source in an enterprise

• Designed to answer 3 key questions−What OSS is used in my

company?−Where is it being used?−How is it being used?

• Diagnosis is base for eventual process improvement



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”Changes are never easy to make. There is comfort and safety in tradition, but change must come, no matter how painful or expensive it may be.”

Bill Hewlett

Contact

Thanks

[email protected] (Linux Solution Consultant in the

HP/Intel Solution Center)

http://www.hp.com/linux

Linus Torvalds, Richard Stallman, Eric Raymond, Nat Makarevitch, René Cougnenc, Eric Dumas, Rémy Card, Phil Robb, Michael Wenig among others, for their work and devotion to the Open Source Software cause... and my family for their patience :-)

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.hp.com/linux