ospf practice guide

NE Series Routers OSPF Protocol Features Practice Guide

NE Series Routers OSPF Protocol Features Practice Guide Table of Contents

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Table of Contents

Experiment Description ....................................................................................................................1

Experiment Description ................................................................................................................1

Experiment Objectives .................................................................................................................1

Experiment Tasks ........................................................................................................................1

Relevant Materials .......................................................................................................................1

Chapter 1 OSPF Single-area Experiment Guide .............................................................................2

1.1 Networking and Service Description ......................................................................................2

1.2 Command Line List ................................................................................................................2

1.3 Configuration Flow .................................................................................................................3

1.4 Configuration Procedure ........................................................................................................3

1.5 Result Verification ..................................................................................................................3

1.6 FAQ ........................................................................................................................................6

1.7 Configuration Reference ........................................................................................................7

1.7.1 Configure the Port .......................................................................................................7

1.7.2 OSPF Configuration ....................................................................................................8

Chapter 2 OSPF Multi-area Experiment Guide ............................................................................ 10

2.1 Networking and Service Description ................................................................................... 10

2.2 Command Line List ............................................................................................................. 10

2.3 Configuration Flow .............................................................................................................. 11

2.4 Configuration Procedure ..................................................................................................... 11

2.5 Result Verification ............................................................................................................... 11

2.6 FAQ ..................................................................................................................................... 14

2.7 Configuration Reference ..................................................................................................... 14

2.7.1 Configure the Port .................................................................................................... 14

2.7.2 OSPF Configuration ................................................................................................. 15

Chapter 3 OSPF Route Aggregration Configuration Guide ....................................................... 17

3.1 Networking and Service Introduction: ................................................................................. 17








Chapter 4 Experiment Guide to OSPF Electing DR/BDR ............................................................ 21






4.6 FAQ ..................................................................................................................................... 24




Chapter 5 Area Authentication Configuration Guide .................................................................. 26






NE Series Routers OSPF Protocol Features Practice Guide Table of Contents


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Chapter 6 STUB Area Configuration Guide ................................................................................. 31

6.1 Networking and Service Introduction .................................................................................. 31




6.4.1 Before Configuration: ............................................................................................... 32

6.4.2 After Configuring Area 1 to Stub .............................................................................. 32




6.5.3 Configure stub area .................................................................................................. 36


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Experiment Description

Experiment Description

This experiment guide introduces the configuration methods and configuration procedure of the basic services of OSPF protocol, and covers the currently prevalent technologies of OSPF. It is designed to help you understand the configuration methods and configuration procedure of the basic services of OSPF.

Experiment Objectives

� Understand configuration procedures of different applications of OSPF � Get familiar with the configuration commands of relevant applications of OSPF

Experiment Tasks

� Configure OSPF area � Configure OSPF area � OSPF route aggregation configuration � Configure DR/BDR election � Configure area authentication � STUB area configuration � Configure NSSA area

Relevant Materials

� VRP Operation Manual


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Chapter 1 OSPF Single-area Experiment Guide

1.1 Networking and Service Description

� 4 routers RTA, RTB, RTC and RTD run the OSPF concurrently, and belong to the same area, i.e., Area 0.

� By running OSPF, communication between routers is implemented.

1.2 Command Line List

Table 1-1

Operation Version Command

Configure Router ID VRP 3.30 router id router-id

VRP 5.10 router id router-id

Enable OSPF and Enter the OSPF View

VRP 3.30 ospf [ process-id ] [ router-id router-id ]


Enter OSPF Area view VRP 3.30 Area area-id

VRP 5.10 Area area-id

Run OSPF protocol on the specified network segment

VRP 3.30 network ip-address wildcard-mask






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1.3 Configuration Flow

Figure 1-1

1.4 Configuration Procedure

1) Specify the router ID

In system-view, specify a router ID. Generally, the Loopback address is used as a router ID.

2) Run OSPF

In system-view, run OSPF, and adopt the default OSPF process 1.

3) Create an area

In the OSPF view, create a backbone area: Area 0.

4) Declare the network

In the Area view, declare the corresponding network. Different routers declare different networks. For example, 10.1.1.0 and 192.2.2.0 are declared on the router RTB.

1.5 Result Verification

1) The networks of each device can access each other (as tested via the “ping” command)

[RTA]ping -a 1.1.1.1 3.3.3.3

PING 3.3.3.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

Reply from 3.3.3.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=29 ms





--3.30.30.3 ping statistics--

5 packet(s) transmitted

5 packet(s) received

0.00% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max = 28/28/3 ms





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2) Use the “display ip routing-table” command to check the routing table. [RTA]display ip routing-table

Routing Tables: public net

Destination/Mask Protocol Pre Cost Nexthop Interface

1.1.1.1/32 DIRECT 0 0 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0

2.2.2.2/32 OSPF 10 2 10.1.1.2 Ethernet0/0

3.3.3.3/32 OSPF 10 1564 10.1.1.2 Ethernet0/0 192.1.1.2 Serial2/0

4.4.4.4/32 OSPF 10 1563 192.1.1.2 Serial2/0

10.1.1.0/30 DIRECT 0 0 10.1.1.1 Ethernet0/0


10.2.2.0/30 OSPF 10 1563 192.1.1.2 Serial2/0



192.1.1.0/30 DIRECT 0 0 192.1.1.1 Serial2/0


192.1.1.2/32 DIRECT 0 0 192.1.1.2 Serial2/0

192.2.2.0/30 OSPF 10 1563 10.1.1.2 Ethernet0/0

[RTB]display ip routing-table



1.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 2 10.1.1.1 Ethernet0/0


3.3.3.3/32 OSPF 10 1563 192.2.2.1 Serial2/0 4.4.4.4/32 OSPF 10 1564 10.1.1.1 Ethernet0/0

192.2.2.1 Serial2/0

10.1.1.0/30 DIRECT 0 0 10.1.1.2 Ethernet0/0


10.2.2.0/30 OSPF 10 1563 192.2.2.1 Serial2/0



192.1.1.0/30 OSPF 10 1563 10.1.1.1 Ethernet0/0

192.2.2.0/30 DIRECT 0 0 192.2.2.2 Serial2/0

192.2.2.1/32 DIRECT 0 0 192.2.2.1 Serial2/0


[RTC]display ip routing-table



1.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 1564 10.2.2.1 Ethernet0/0 192.2.2.2 Serial2/0 2.2.2.2/32 OSPF 10 1563 192.2.2.2 Serial2/0


4.4.4.4/32 OSPF 10 2 10.2.2.1 Ethernet0/0 10.1.1.0/30 OSPF 10 1563 192.2.2.2 Serial2/0

10.2.2.0/30 DIRECT 0 0 10.2.2.2 Ethernet0/0




192.1.1.0/30 OSPF 10 1563 10.2.2.1 Ethernet0/0

192.2.2.0/30 DIRECT 0 0 192.2.2.1 Serial2/0


192.2.2.2/32 DIRECT 0 0 192.2.2.2 Serial2/0

[RTD]display ip routing-table



1.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 1563 192.1.1.1 Serial2/0

2.2.2.2/32 OSPF 10 1564 10.2.2.2 Ethernet0/0

192.1.1.1 Serial2/0 3.3.3.3/32 OSPF 10 2 10.2.2.2 Ethernet0/0


10.1.1.0/30 OSPF 10 1563 192.1.1.1 Serial2/0





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10.2.2.0/30 DIRECT 0 0 10.2.2.1 Ethernet0/0




192.1.1.0/30 DIRECT 0 0 192.1.1.2 Serial2/0

192.1.1.1/32 DIRECT 0 0 192.1.1.1 Serial2/0


192.2.2.0/30 OSPF 10 1563 10.2.2.2 Ethernet0/0

�� Note:

Each channel of router learns other route information through OSPF and provide interconnection of network. From the routing table, we can see that the OSPF can support equivalent routes. For example, on the RTD, the data that reaches 2.2.2.2/32 can be sent to 10.2.2.2, or sent to 192.1.1.1.

3) Use the “display ospf routing” command to check the OSPF routing table. [RTA] display ospf routing

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1

Routing Tables:

Routing for Network

Destination Cost Type NextHop AdvRouter Area

10.1.1.0/30 1 Net 10.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0

192.2.2.0/30 1563 Stub 10.1.1.2 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0

2.2.2.2/32 2 Stub 10.1.1.2 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0

1.1.1.1/32 1 Stub 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0

192.1.1.0/30 1562 Stub 192.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0

10.2.2.0/30 1563 Net 192.1.1.2 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0

4.4.4.4/32 1563 Stub 192.1.1.2 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0

3.3.3.3/32 1564 Stub 192.1.1.2 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0

10.1.1.2

Total Nets: 8

Intra Area: 8 Inter Area: 0 ASE: 0 NSSA: 0

4) Use the “display ospf lsdb” command to check the link state database. [RTA] display ospf lsdb


Link State Database

Area: 0.0.0.0

Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric Where

Stub 192.2.2.0 2.2.2.2 149 24 0 0 SpfTree

Stub 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 136 24 0 0 SpfTree

Stub 4.4.4.4 4.4.4.4 162 24 0 0 SpfTree

Stub 192.1.1.0 1.1.1.1 162 24 0 0 SpfTree

Stub 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 125 24 0 0 SpfTree

Stub 3.3.3.3 3.3.3.3 149 24 0 0 SpfTree

Rtr 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 137 72 80000009 0 Clist

Rtr 4.4.4.4 4.4.4.4 163 72 80000009 0 Clist

Rtr 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 125 72 80000009 0 SpfTree

Rtr 3.3.3.3 3.3.3.3 151 72 80000009 0 Clist

Net 10.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 241 32 80000001 0 SpfTree

Net 10.2.2.2 3.3.3.3 189 32 80000001 0 SpfTree

�� Note:

The OSPF describes the network topology of an area through the correct LSA. Note that each database type represents a different type of LSA in the OSPF. Listed below are common LAS types: Stub: LSA of route connected to an end network. (Note: End network refers to edge network, and is not the same concept as Stub area.) Rtr: Router LSA Net: Network LSA Snet: Network summary LSA





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ASB: Border router summary LSA of autonomous system ASE: External LSA of autonomous system

NSSA: External LSA of NSSA

5) Use the “display ospf brief” command to check the summary information of OSPF; [RTA]display ospf brief


OSPF Protocol Information

RouterID: 1.1.1.1

Spf-schedule-interval: 5

Routing preference: Inter/Intra: 10 External: 150

Default ASE parameters: Metric: 1 Tag: 1 Type: 2

SPF computation count: 10

Area Count: 1 Nssa Area Count: 0

Area 0.0.0.0:

Authtype: none Flags: <>

SPF scheduled: <>

Interface 10.1.1.1 (Ethernet0/0)

Cost: 1 State: DR Type: Broadcast Priority: 1

Designated Router: 10.1.1.1 Backup Designated Router: 10.1.1.2 Timers : Hello 10,Dead 40,Poll 40,Retransmit 5,Transmit Delay 1

Interface 192.1.1.1 (Serial2/0) --> 192.1.1.2

Cost: 1562 State: PtoP Type: PointToPoint

Priority: 1

Timers : Hello 10,Dead 40,Poll 40,Retransmit 5,Transmit Delay 1

Interface 1.1.1.1 (LoopBack0) --> 1.1.1.1


Priority: 1

Timers : Hello 10,Dead 40,Poll 40,Retransmit 5,Transmit Delay 1

�� Note:

The “display ospf brief” command can be used to check all OSPF-related information except routing information, e.g., neighbor information, network type, DR/BDR, Hello time, and so on. It is one of the frequently used commands for detecting error. Other router-related information can also be viewed via the above commands, which is not described here

any further.

1.6 FAQ

Q: What does neighbor relationship mean in the OSPF?

A: Neighbor means the router on the same network link.

Q: What does neighboring relationship in OSPF?

A: Neighboring relationship is based on the neighbor relationship. When two neighbors have synchronized the OSPF database, a neighboring relationship is developed between them.

Q: How many network types are supported by OSPF?





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A: P2P, P2MP, NBMA and Broadcast. In addition, in the NBMA network, the neighbor relationship needs to be created manually.

Q: Does equivalent router exist in the current networking diagram? How many equivalent routes are supported by VRP3.30? How many equivalent routes are supported by VRP5.10 as a maximum?

A: Yes, it exists. The VRP3.30 supports a maximum of 3 equivalent routes, and the VRP5.10 supports a maximum of 6 equivalent routes.

1.7 Configuration Reference

1.7.1 Configure the Port

I. Configure RTA

<Quidway>system-view

[Quidway]sysname RTA

[RTA]interface loopback 0

[RTA-LoopBack0]ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.255

[RTA-LoopBack0]quit

[RTA]interface ethernet 0/0

[RTA-Ethernet0/0]ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.252

[RTA-Ethernet0/0]quit

[RTA]interface serial 2/0

[RTA-Serial2/0]ip address 192.1.1.1 255.255.255.252

[RTA-Serial2/0]quit

II. Configure RTB


[Quidway]sysname RTB

[RTB]interface loopback 0

[RTB-LoopBack0]ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.255

[RTB-LoopBack0]quit

[RTB]interface Ethernet 0/0

[RTB-Ethernet0/0]ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.252

[RTB-Ethernet0/0]quit

[RTB]interface serial 2/0

[RTB-Serial2/0]ip address 192.2.2.2 255.255.255.252

[RTB-Serial2/0]quit

III. Configure RTC


[Quidway]sysname RTC

[RTC]interface loopback 0

[RTC-LoopBack0]ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255

[RTC-LoopBack0]quit

[RTC]interface Ethernet 0/0

[RTC-Ethernet2/0]ip address 10.2.2.2 255.255.255.252

[RTC-Ethernet2/0]quit

[RTC]interface serial 2/0

[RTC-Serial2/0]ip address 192.2.2.1 255.255.255.252

[RTC-Serial2/0]quit

IV. Configure RTD


[Quidway]sysname RTD





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[RTD]interface loopback 0

[RTD-LoopBack0]ip address 4.4.4.4 255.255.255.255

[RTD-LoopBack0]quit

[RTD]interface ethernet 0/0

[RTD-Ethernet0/0]ip address 10.2.2.1 255.255.255.252

[RTD-Ethernet0/0]quit

[RTD]interface serial 2/0

[RTD-Serial2/0]ip address 192.1.1.2 255.255.255.252

[RTD-Serial2/0]quit

1.7.2 OSPF Configuration

I. Configure RTA

1) Specify Router ID [RTA]router id 1.1.1.1

2) Run OSPF [RTA]ospf 1

3) Create area 0 [RTA-ospf-1]area 0

4) Declare network in the area 0 view [RTA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3

[RTA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.1.1.0 0.0.0.3


II. Configure RTB

1) Specify Router ID [RTB]router id 2.2.2.2

2) Run OSPF [RTB]ospf 1

3) Create area 0 [RTB-ospf-1]area 0

4) Declare network in the area 0 view [RTB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.3

[RTB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.2.2.0 0.0.0.3


III. Configure RTC

1) Specify Router ID [RTC]router id 3.3.3.3

2) Run OSPF [RTC]ospf 1

3) Create area 0 [RTC-ospf-1]area 0

4) Declare network in the area 0 view [RTC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.2.2.0 0.0.0.3

[RTC-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.2.2.0 0.0.0.3






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IV. Configure RTD

1) Specify Router ID [RTD]router id 4.4.4.4

2) Run OSPF [RTD]ospf 1

3) Create area 0 [RTD-ospf-1]area 0

4) Declare network in the area 0 view [RTD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 10.2.2.0 0.0.0.3

[RTD-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.1.1.0 0.0.0.3






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Chapter 2 OSPF Multi-area Experiment Guide


Figure 2-1

� Four routers RTA, RTB, RTC and RTD run the OSPF concurrently. As shown in the figure, RTA and RTB belong to area 1, RTB and RTC belong to area 0, and RTC and RTD belong to area 2 (Note: The 10.1.1.2/30 of RTA belongs to area 1, and the 10.2.2.2/30 of RTC belongs to area 2)

� The four routers use their respective loopback as their respective router ID.


Table 2-1







Enter OSPF Area view VRP 3.30 area area-id

VRP 5.10 area area-id

Run the OSPF protocol in the specified network segment





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Figure 2-2


1) Specify Router ID

In system-view, specify a router ID. Generally, the Loopback address is used as router ID.

2) Run OSPF

In system-view, run OSPF. Adopt the default OSPF process 1.

3) Create an area

In the OSPF view, create the correseponding area. Different routers have different area codes. For example, area 0 and area 1 should be created on router B.

4) Declare network

Declare the network in the corresponding area view. Different routers declare different networks. For example, area 0 of router RTB should only declare 192.2.2.0.


1) Use the “Ping” or “Tracert” command to detect the connectivity of the network; [RTA]ping 10.2.2.1 PING 10.2.2.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break






--10.20.20.1 ping statistics--

5 packet(s) transmitted

5 packet(s) received

0.00% packet loss

round-trip min/avg/max = 28/29/3 ms





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[RTA]tracert 10.2.2.1

traceroute to 10.2.2.1(10.2.2.1) 30 hops max,40 bytes packet

1 10.1.1.2 10 ms 2 ms 2 ms

2 192.2.2.1 20 ms 19 ms 20 ms

3 10.2.2.1 30 ms 20 ms 20 ms

2) Use the “display ip routing-table” command to check the routing table. [RTA]display ip routing-table

Routing Table: public net



2.2.2.2/32 OSPF 10 2 10.1.1.2 Ethernet0/0

3.3.3.3/32 OSPF 10 1564 10.1.1.2 Ethernet0/0

4.4.4.4/32 OSPF 10 1565 10.1.1.2 Ethernet0/0

10.1.1.0/30 DIRECT 0 0 10.1.1.1 Ethernet0/0


10.2.2.0/30 OSPF 10 1564 10.1.1.2 Ethernet0/0



192.2.2.0/30 OSPF 10 1563 10.1.1.2 Ethernet0/0

[RTB]display ip routing-table



1.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 2 10.1.1.1 Ethernet0/0


3.3.3.3/32 OSPF 10 1563 192.2.2.1 Serial2/0

4.4.4.4/32 OSPF 10 1564 192.2.2.1 Serial2/0

10.1.1.0/30 DIRECT 0 0 10.1.1.2 Ethernet0/0


10.2.2.0/30 OSPF 10 1563 192.2.2.1 Serial2/0



192.2.2.0/30 DIRECT 0 0 192.2.2.2 Serial2/0

192.2.2.1/32 DIRECT 0 0 192.2.2.1 Serial2/0





1.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 1564 192.2.2.2 Serial2/0

2.2.2.2/32 OSPF 10 1563 192.2.2.2 Serial2/0


4.4.4.4/32 OSPF 10 2 10.2.2.1 Ethernet0/0

10.1.1.0/30 OSPF 10 1563 192.2.2.2 Serial2/0

10.2.2.0/30 DIRECT 0 0 10.2.2.2 Ethernet0/0




192.2.2.0/30 DIRECT 0 0 192.2.2.1 Serial2/0


192.2.2.2/32 DIRECT 0 0 192.2.2.2 Serial2/0

[RTD]display ip routing-table



1.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 1565 10.2.2.2 Ethernet0/0

2.2.2.2/32 OSPF 10 1564 10.2.2.2 Ethernet0/0

3.3.3.3/32 OSPF 10 2 10.2.2.2 Ethernet0/0


10.1.1.0/30 OSPF 10 1564 10.2.2.2 Ethernet0/0

10.2.2.0/30 DIRECT 0 0 10.2.2.1 Ethernet0/0










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192.2.2.0/30 OSPF 10 1563 10.2.2.2 Ethernet0/0

�� Note:

As compared with a single area, the result is exactly the same. Each router learns the routing information of each other by running OSPF to provide connectivity for the network.

3) Use the “display ospf lsdb” command to check the link state database. In addition, other commands can be used to check the OSPF-related information.

[RTA]dis ospf lsdb

OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1 Link State Database

Area: 0.0.0.1


Stub 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 1055 24 0 0 SpfTree

Rtr 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 1062 36 80000004 0 SpfTree

Rtr 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 1055 48 80000007 0 SpfTree

Net 10.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 1055 32 80000002 0 SpfTree

SNet 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 941 28 80000002 1 Uninitialized





[RTB]display ospf lsdb


Link State Database

Area: 0.0.0.0


Stub 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 1266 24 0 0 SpfTree

Stub 192.2.2.0 2.2.2.2 1203 24 0 0 SpfTree

Stub 3.3.3.3 3.3.3.3 1203 24 0 0 SpfTree

Rtr 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 183 60 8000000b 0 SpfTree

Rtr 4.4.4.4 4.4.4.4 1376 60 80000009 0 Uninitialized

Rtr 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 1375 60 80000007 0 Uninitialized

Rtr 3.3.3.3 3.3.3.3 184 60 8000000a 0 SpfTree

Net 10.2.2.1 4.4.4.4 1968 32 80000002 0 Uninitialized


SNet 10.1.1.0 2.2.2.2 1135 28 80000002 1 Inter List

SNet 1.1.1.1 2.2.2.2 1135 28 80000002 2 Inter List


Area: 0.0.0.1


Stub 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 1251 24 0 0 SpfTree

Rtr 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 183 36 80000005 0 SpfTree

Rtr 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 184 48 80000008 0 Clist

Net 10.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 184 32 80000003 0 SpfTree

SNet 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 1135 28 80000002 1 Inter List

SNet 4.4.4.4 2.2.2.2 1135 28 80000001 1564 Inter List

SNet 3.3.3.3 2.2.2.2 1135 28 80000002 1563 Inter List

SNet 192.2.2.0 2.2.2.2 1135 28 80000002 1562 Inter List

SNet 10.2.2.0 2.2.2.2 1135 28 80000002 1563 Inter List

�� Note:

By comparing the LSDB of RTA and the LSDB of RTB, we can see that the ABR router, i.e., RTB, needs to maintain the LSDB of two areas: area 1 and area 0.





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2.6 FAQ

Q: Why are many external areas divided in the OSPF?

A: In order to reduce the calculation amount of SPF.

Q: Why can SPF calculation amount be reduced by setting up many areas?

A: Since the area division is used to divide the planar network into many hierarchical netowrks, the size of the topology data table is reduced. When the network changes, the SPF calculation is only specific to the changed area, so the SPF calculation amount is reduced.



I. Configure RTA





[RTA-LoopBack0]quit




II. Configure RTB





[RTB-LoopBack0]quit






[RTB-Serial2/0]quit

III. Configure RTC





[RTC-LoopBack0]quit






[RTC-Serial2/0]quit

IV. Configure RTD








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[RTD-LoopBack0]quit





I. Configure RTA






II. Configure RTB








III. Configure RTC










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IV. Configure Router D












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Chapter 3 OSPF Route Aggregration Configuration Guide

3.1 Networking and Service Introduction:

RRRR

L0: 1.1.1.1/32 L0: 3.3.3.3/32

10.1.1.0/30 192.2.2.0/30

RTA RTC

.2.1

RR.2 .1

Area 1 Area 0

L0: 2.2.2.2/32

L1: 110.1.1.2/32

L2: 110.1.1.1/32 RTB

RRRR

L0: 1.1.1.1/32 L0: 3.3.3.3/32

10.1.1.0/30 192.2.2.0/30

RTA RTC

.2.1

RR.2 .1

Area 1 Area 0

L0: 2.2.2.2/32

L1: 110.1.1.2/32

L2: 110.1.1.1/32 RTB

Figure 3-1

� On the basis of multi-area routing experiment, add L1 and L2 interfaces on the RTA, and enable OSPF. Perform route aggregration on the RTB.The route seen on RTC is the converged route.


Table 3-1


Configure the Route Summarization of OSPF Area

VRP 3.30 abr-summary ip-address mask [ advertise | not-advertise ]

VRP 5.10 abr-summary ip-address mask [ advertise | not-advertise | cost cost ]





appear here.


18


Figure 3-2


1) Configure interfaces.

The RTA creates two interface addresses: L1: 110.1.1.1/32 and L2:110.1.1.2/32.

2) Declare network

In the area 1 view of RTA, declare the network corresponding to the newly created interface.

3) Configure aggregration on the ABR

Configure route aggregration of 110.1.1.0/24 in the area 1 view of RTB.


1) The L1-L2 route of RTA displayed on RTC is a convergent route.

Before aggregration:




1.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 1564 192.2.2.2 Serial2/0

2.2.2.2/32 OSPF 10 1563 192.2.2.2 Serial2/0


10.1.1.0/30 OSPF 10 1563 192.2.2.2 Serial2/0

110.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 1564 192.2.2.2 Serial2/0

110.1.1.2/32 OSPF 10 1564 192.2.2.2 Serial2/0



192.2.2.0/30 DIRECT 0 0 192.2.2.1 Serial2/0


192.2.2.2/32 DIRECT 0 0 192.2.2.2 Serial2/0

After aggregration:







19




1.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 1564 192.2.2.2 Serial2/0

2.2.2.2/32 OSPF 10 1563 192.2.2.2 Serial2/0


10.1.1.0/30 OSPF 10 1563 192.2.2.2 Serial2/0

110.1.1.0/24 OSPF 10 1564 192.2.2.2 Serial2/0



192.2.2.0/30 DIRECT 0 0 192.2.2.1 Serial2/0


192.2.2.2/32 DIRECT 0 0 192.2.2.2 Serial2/0



I. Configure RTA





[RTA-LoopBack0]quit



[RTA-LoopBack1]quit


[RTA-LoopBack2]ip add 110.1.1.2 255.255.255.255

[RTA-LoopBack2]quit




II. Configure RTB





[RTB-LoopBack0]quit






[RTB-Serial2/0]quit

III. Configure RTC





[RTC-LoopBack0]quit



[RTC-Serial2/0]quit





appear here.


20


I. Configure RTA








II. Configure RTB








7) RTB performs route aggregration on area 1. [RTB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]abr-summary 110.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 advertise

III. Configure RTC







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the text that you want to appear here.Error!

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that you want to appear here.


21

Chapter 4 Experiment Guide to OSPF Electing DR/BDR


Figure 4-1

� Two routers run OSPF concurrently, and are connected via Ethernet. Change the DR priority of RTB to 100, and make it become a DR router in the network.


Table 4-1







Enter OSPF Area view VRP 3.30 area area-id

VRP 5.10 area area-id

Run OSPF protocol in the specified network segment



Configure the interface with a priority for DR election

VRP 3.30 ospf dr-priority priority_number

VRP 5.10 ospf dr-priority priority_number

NE Series Routers OSPF Protocol Features Practice Guide Error! Use the Home tab to apply 标题标题标题标题 1 to

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22


Figure 4-2


1) Specify the Router ID

In system-view, specify a router ID. Generally, the Loopback address is used as router ID.

2) Set DR priorityof OSPF

In the Port view, Change the DR priority of RTB to 100.

3) Run OSPF

In system-view, run OSPF, and adopt the default OSPF process 1.

4) Create an area

In the OSPF view, create area 0.

5) Declare network

In the corresponding Area view, declare the network.


1) Use the “display ospf brief” command to check the summary information of the router OSPF.

[RTA]display ospf brief



RouterID: 1.1.1.1










23



Area 0.0.0.0:


SPF scheduled: <>

Interface: 10.1.1.1 (Ethernet0/0) Cost: 1 State: BackupDR Type: Broadcast

Priority: 1 Designated Router: 10.1.1.2 Backup Designated Router: 10.1.1.1

Timers: Hello 10, Dead 40, Poll 40, Retransmit 5, Transmit Delay 1

Interface: 1.1.1.1 (LoopBack0) --> 1.1.1.1


Priority: 1


[RTB]display ospf brief



RouterID: 2.2.2.2






Area 0.0.0.0:


SPF scheduled: <>

Interface: 10.1.1.2 (Ethernet0/0)

Cost: 1 State: DR Type: Broadcast Priority: 100 Designated Router: 10.1.1.2 Backup Designated Router: 10.1.1.1


Interface: 2.2.2.2 (LoopBack0) --> 2.2.2.2


Priority: 1


�� Note:

As seen from the above information, the current RTB is the DR router in the network, and its preference level is 100. But RTA is the BDR router in the network, and its preference level is the default value 1.

The DR election is decided by two parameters: DR priority and router ID.

The value range of DR priority is 0-255. Value 0 means no participation in the DR/BDR election. Namely, the router is always “DROther”, and the DR priority of each router is 1. Between routers, this parameter will be compared first to decide the DR. The higher the value, the better.

Router ID: The router ID must exist if the router needs to run the OSPF protocol. If no ID is configured, the system will select one from the IP addresses of the current interface as the router ID. If the DR priorityis the same, the routers will compare the value of router ID to decide the DR. The lower the router ID value, the better.




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24

4.6 FAQ

Q: What is DR/BDR? What are their functions?

A: In order for each router to broadcast the local state information to the whole autonomous system, many neighboring relationships should be set up between the routers. This way, the route change of any router will be transferred repeatedly, and the bandwidth resources will be wasted. In order to solve the problem, OSPF defines the "Designated Router" (DR). All the routers only need to transmit information to the DR for broadcasting the network link states. The router being the DR in its segment is not specified manually.

Q: In the current network, the DR priority of RTB is 100, the DR priority of RTA is 1. Now we change the DR priorityl of RTA to 200. Will it be changed to DR immediately?

A: No. The DR mechanism in the OSPF is on a lifelong basis. Unless the DR is disconnected, the BDR will not be changed to DR. Once the BDR is changed to DR, the OSPF network will not perform BDR election for DR any longer.



I. Configure RTA





[RTA-LoopBack0]quit




II. Configure RTB





[RTB-LoopBack0]quit





I. Configure RTA

1) Specify the router ID [RTA]router id 1.1.1.1








25




II. Configure RTB

1) Specify the router ID [RTB]router id 2.2.2.2

2) Setting priority [RTB-Ethernet0/0]ospf dr-priority 100

3) Run the OSPF [RTB]ospf 1




NOTE: After you complete the configuration, maybe you can find RTA is the DR. In this case, you should reset the ospf process on RTA and RTB, to let the system votes DR again.



here.Error! Use the Home tab to apply 标题标题标题标题

1 to the text that you want to appear here.


26

Chapter 5 Area Authentication Configuration Guide


Figure 5-1

� Run OSPF on RTA and RTB, and learn the loopback address of the opposite party.

� Use the Simple and Cipher authentication methods on the RTA to perform regional authentication for RTB.


Table 5-1







Enter OSPF Area view VRP 3.30 Area area-id

VRP 5.10 Area area-id

Run the OSPF protocol in the specified network segment



Configure the area to support authentication type

VRP 3.30 authentication-mode { simple | md5 }

VRP 5.10 authentication-mode { simple | md5 | hmac-md5 }

Specify a password for OSPF simple text authentication

VRP 3.30 ospf authentication-mode simple password

VRP 5.10 ospf authentication-mode simple [ plain | cipher ] password

Specify the key-id and key for VRP 3.30 ospf authentication-mode md5 key_id key






27


OSPF MD5 authentication VRP 5.10

ospf authentication-mode { md5 | hmac-md5 } key-id [ plain | cipher ] password


Figure 5-2


1) Authoring indication: [ List the steps required for completing the experiment, and provide necessary description on each step. The description should help the learner understand services more easily. Give the relevant parameters when giving the configuration description (e.g., IP address, key and name listed below). Try to make the configuration data normative, and avoid configuration conflict.]

2) Specify the router ID

In system-view, specify a router ID. Generally, the Loopback address is used as a router ID.

3) Run the OSPF

In system-view, run the OSPF. Apply the default OSPF process 1.

4) Create an area

In OSPF view, create area 0.

5) Declare network

In the Area view, declare the corresponding network, e.g., declare two networks 1.1.1.1 and 10.1.1.1 on the RTA.

6) Run the area authentication






28

In the Area view, run the area authentication.

7) Authenticate use of port

Under the corresponding port, apply the authentication mechanism and configure a password.


1) Use the “display ip routing-table” command to compare the routing table information before and after RTA authentication.

When no authentication:

[RTA]display ip routing-table




2.2.2.2/32 OSPF 10 2 10.1.1.2 Ethernet0/0

10.1.1.0/30 DIRECT 0 0 10.1.1.1 Ethernet0/0




Completing the configuration of authentication on RTA ,but do not configure

authentication on RTB ,you can’t find the route toward 2.2.2.2/32.





10.1.1.0/30 DIRECT 0 0 10.1.1.1 Ethernet0/0




�� Note:

If the authentication fails, the neighbor relationship cannot be established, and the previously learned route 2.2.2.2 cannot be deleted from the routing table due to timeout.

2) Then use the “display ospf error” command to check the error information. When enable authentication on RTA, but don’t enable it on RTB,you can find

errors occurred.

[RTA]display ospf error


OSPF packet error statistics:

0: IP received my own packet 0: OSPF wrong packet type

0: OSPF wrong version 0: OSPF wrong checksum

0: OSPF wrong area id 0: OSPF area mismatch

0: OSPF wrong virtual link 15: OSPF wrong authentication type

0: OSPF wrong authentication key 0: OSPF too small packet

0: OSPF packet size > ip length 0: OSPF transmit error

0: OSPF interface down 0: OSPF unknown neighbor

0: HELLO: netmask mismatch 0: HELLO: hello timer mismatch

0: HELLO: dead timer mismatch 0: HELLO: extern option mismatch

0: HELLO: router id confusion 0: HELLO: virtual neighbor unknown

0: HELLO: NBMA neighbor unknown 0: DD: neighbor state low

0: DD: router id confusion 0: DD: extern option mismatch

0: DD: unknown LSA type 0: LS ACK: neighbor state low

0: LS ACK: wrong ack 0: LS ACK: duplicate ack

0: LS ACK: unknown LSA type 0: LS REQ: neighbor state low

0: LS REQ: empty request 0: LS REQ: wrong request

0: LS UPD: neighbor state low 0: LS UPD: newer self-generate LSA






29

0: LS UPD: LSA checksum wrong 0: LS UPD: received less recent LSA

0: LS UPD: unknown LSA type 0: OSPF routing: next hop not exist

0: DD: MTU option mismatch 0: ROUTETYPE: wrong type value

0: OPQ-9 : out of flooding scope 0: OPQ-10 : out of flooding scope

0: OPQ-11 : out of flooding scope

�� Note:

From the error information, we can see that the error lies in mismatch of authentication type.



I. Configure RTA





[RTA-LoopBack0]quit




II. Configure RTB





[RTB-LoopBack0]quit





I. Configure RTA

1) Specify the router ID [RTA]router id 1.1.1.1

2) Run the OSPF [RTA]ospf 1




5) Run the area authentication [RTA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5

6) Authenticate use of port [RTA-Ethernet0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 huawei






30

II. Configure RTB

1) Specify the router ID [RTB]router id 2.2.2.2

2) Run the OSPF [RTB]ospf 1




5) Run the area authentication [RTB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]authentication-mode md5

6) Authenticate use of port [RTB-Ethernet0/0]ospf authentication-mode md5 1 huawei







31

Chapter 6 STUB Area Configuration Guide

6.1 Networking and Service Introduction

Figure 6-1

� On the basis of introducing the external route to the multi-area OSPF, configure area 1 to STUB area.

� The Stub area is a special type of OSPF area, which does not receive or disseminate type-5 LSA (AS-external-LSAs). For the network that generates plenty of type-5 LSA, such processing mode can shorten the LSDB of the router in the Stub area effectively, and relieve the occupation of SPF computation for the router resources. Generally, the Stub area is located at the border of the autonomous system.

� To ensure that the packets from the Stub area to the autonomous system can be forwarded correctly, the ABR of the Stub area will release a default route to this area, and only disseminates packets in this area.

� Creat vlan 2 and vlan 3 on switch, on RTD configures static routes towards vlan2 and vlan 3. On ospf view import static these static routes.


Table 6-1


Configure an area to be the STUB VRP 3.30 stub [ no-summary ]






32

area VRP 5.10 stub [ no-summary ]

Configure the cost of the default route transmitted by OSPF to the STUB area

VRP 3.30 default-cost value

VRP 5.10 default-cost value


1) Configure area 1 to stub


6.4.1 Before Configuration:

Display the lsdb and routing-table of RTA before configure stub area.

[RTA]display ospf lsdb


Link State Database

Area: 0.0.0.1


Stub 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 1661 24 0 0 SpfTree

Rtr 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 1651 36 80000008 0 SpfTree

Rtr 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 1661 48 8000000b 0 SpfTree

Net 10.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 1661 32 80000006 0 SpfTree






ASB 4.4.4.4 2.2.2.2 323 28 80000001 1563 Uninitialized

AS External Database: Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric Where

ASE 110.1.1.0 4.4.4.4 326 36 80000001 1 Uninitialized ASE 110.1.2.0 4.4.4.4 326 36 80000001 1 Uninitialized





2.2.2.2/32 OSPF 10 2 10.1.1.2 Ethernet0/0

3.3.3.3/32 OSPF 10 1564 10.1.1.2 Ethernet0/0

4.4.4.4/32 OSPF 10 1565 10.1.1.2 Ethernet0/0

10.1.1.0/30 DIRECT 0 0 10.1.1.1 Ethernet0/0


10.2.2.0/30 OSPF 10 1564 10.1.1.2 Ethernet0/0

110.1.1.0/24 O_ASE 150 1 10.1.1.2 Ethernet0/0

110.1.2.0/24 O_ASE 150 1 10.1.1.2 Ethernet0/0



192.2.2.0/30 OSPF 10 1563 10.1.1.2 Ethernet0/0

6.4.2 After Configuring Area 1 to Stub







33

Notes: The following information describe the different results of the commands “stub” and “stub no-summary” These are the results when you use the command “ [RTA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub [RTB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub”



Link State Database

Area: 0.0.0.1


Stub 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 96 24 0 0 SpfTree

Rtr 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 91 36 8000001a 0 SpfTree

Rtr 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 96 48 8000001b 0 SpfTree

Net 10.1.1.2 2.2.2.2 91 32 80000002 0 SpfTree

SNet 0.0.0.0 2.2.2.2 111 28 80000002 1 Uninitialized SNet 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 107 28 80000001 1 Uninitialized






0.0.0.0/0 OSPF 10 2 10.1.1.2 Ethernet0/0


2.2.2.2/32 OSPF 10 2 10.1.1.2 Ethernet0/0

3.3.3.3/32 OSPF 10 1564 10.1.1.2 Ethernet0/0

4.4.4.4/32 OSPF 10 1565 10.1.1.2 Ethernet0/0

10.1.1.0/30 DIRECT 0 0 10.1.1.1 Ethernet0/0


10.2.2.0/30 OSPF 10 1564 10.1.1.2 Ethernet0/0



192.2.2.0/30 OSPF 10 1563 10.1.1.2 Ethernet0/0

�� Note:

1．If you still find AS External Database on RTA, reset ospf process on RTA.

2．The default route of RTA is type-3 LSA and is generated by ABR-RTB.

3． Take a look at the routing table of RTA: The external route disappears, and a new default route appears,

but inter-area routes still exist.

4．In order to further shorten the lsdb and the routing table, use the no-summary parameter on the

ABR-RTB.

These are the results when you use the command “ [RTA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub [RTB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1] stub no-summary ”

”







34


Link State Database

Area: 0.0.0.1


Stub 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 65 24 0 0 SpfTree

Rtr 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 60 36 8000001f 0 SpfTree

Rtr 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 65 48 80000007 0 SpfTree

Net 10.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 65 32 80000002 0 SpfTree





0.0.0.0/0 OSPF 10 2 10.1.1.2 Ethernet0/0


10.1.1.0/30 DIRECT 0 0 10.1.1.1 Ethernet0/0






I. Configure RTA





[RTA-LoopBack0]quit




II. Configure RTB





[RTB-LoopBack0]quit






[RTB-Serial2/0]quit

III. Configure RTC





[RTC-LoopBack0]quit











35


[RTC-Serial2/0]quit

IV. Configure RTD





[RTD-LoopBack0]quit







V. Configure switch

[Quidway]sysname switch

[switch]vlan 2

[switch-vlan2]quit

[switch]vlan 3

[switch-vlan3]quit

[switch]interface vlan 1

[switch-Vlan-interface1]ip address 10.3.3.2 255.255.255.252

[switch-Vlan-interface1]quit



[switch-Vlan-interface2]quit



[switch]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.3.3.1


I. Configure RTA






II. Configure RTB




4) Declare network in the area 0 view






36





III. Configure RTC








IV. Configure Router D






5) Configure static routes towords vlan 2 and vlan 3 [RTD]ip route-static 110.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.3.3.2

[RTD]ip route-static 110.1.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.3.3.2

6) On ospf view import these static routes [RTD-ospf-1]import-route static

6.5.3 Configure stub area

I. Set area 1 of RTA to Stub

[RTA-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub







37

II. Set area 1 of RTB to stub. Since RTB is ABR, set stub no-summary

[RTB-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]stub no-summary

ospf practice guide

Documents

ospf configuration

configuration flow

configuration procedure

experiment tasks

experiment objectives

configuration reference

service description

command line list