osm techniques and developemnt
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OSM技術、發展與展望Techniques and Development of
OpenStreetMap (OSM)
at 中央研究院人文社會科學研究中心暨地理資訊科學研究專題中心
鄧東波Dongpo Deng
Feb. 7. 2012
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Forbidden city 2012-01
Snapshot on 2012-1-20Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Tuesday, February 7, 2012
OSM and me
• Do mapping in central TW and eastern NL
• Edit ‘Map Feature’ (zh-tw)
• Host Taiwanese mapping parties
• My future work for OSM
• Lobby for open geo-data
• Establish TW local chapter of OSM
• Do researches on OSM
• Participate to SotM 2012
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The major components of OSM
• Portal sites
• Editors
• Data sources
• OSM APIs
• Backend databases
• Rendering systems
• Wiki documents
• Mapper communities
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Go to map the world
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• OpenStreetMap (OSM) is non-for-profit foundation
• OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a collaborative project to create a free editable map of the world
• Shared by OdbL 1.0 (Changed from By-SA 2.0 since 2012)
Go to map the world
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Grassroots mapping
• Wiki-style editing environment
• Open License, Open Geo Data
• Volunteered Geographic Information
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OSM can be used for...
• Map browsing,
• Map rendering,
• Searching,
• Reverse geocoding,
• Exporting,
• Online edition.
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A simple way to contribute data
• GPS traces
• Geotagged Photos
• Paper and pen (walking-papers.org)
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As a OSM mapper, you not only upload data but also DRAW the map
• Draw the map via uploaded GPS traces, arial and satellite images, etc
• Edit the data attributes
• Name, e.g. street, building
• Street type
• POI
• Traffic artifact ... ,etc
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Mappers drawing Taipei
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Architecture of OSM
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Map Editors
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Front-end editors• Online
• Potlatch (Popular!)
• Mapzen
• Amenity Editor
• Offine
• JSOM (Popular!)
• Merkaartor
• Plugins QGIS
See more info http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Editors
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Polatch2
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Mapzen
mapzen.cloudmade.comTuesday, February 7, 2012
Amenity Editor
http://ae.osmsurround.org/ae/indexTuesday, February 7, 2012
JSOM
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OSM Plugins for QGIS
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Mobile Editors
• Apple iOS
• iPhone
• Symbian
• Nokia
• Andriod
See more details http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Software
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Data resources: GPS traces
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Data resources: GPS traces
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Data source: Online Mapping systems
• Oline mapping systems and open geo-data resources
• Yahoo! areal : way, landuse...
• Landsat : main way, large landuse...
• WMS services: OpenArialMap
• Don't copy other map if the geodata contains copyright issues!
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Open GeoData to OSM
• CC-licenced geo-data resources directly import to OSM
• AND (Automotive Navigation Data) : Netherlands, India and China
• TIGER data on USA
• Corine Land Cover (Estonia, Romania, Hungary and France)
• Ordnance Survey (UK)
• County of Brest, France
• National parks (FR)
• ...
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Backend
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Backend database: PostgreSQL
• OSM doesn’t use geometry type of PostgreSQL and geospatial functions of PostGIS.
• OSM API v0.6 is used for the main central OSM DB running on servers.
• http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/API_v0.6
• Osmosis is used to populate a more general PostgreSQL/PostGIS DB from Planet.osm dump file.
• http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Osmosis
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Database schema
TextText
User
Relation & old data
Data
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Geometry model
Tag
NodeWay
Open ployline
Closed ployline
Area
Relation
See detail info http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Data_PrimitivesTuesday, February 7, 2012
• Key / value
• higway = motorway• name = 福爾摩沙高速公路• ref = Fwy3• maxspeed=110
• Recommended usage
• (wiki:Map Features)
• Consensus (Tagwatch, OSMdoc)
• Homogeneity : data reuse
• Requirement adjust
Map feature
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Rendering system
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Mapnikwww.mapnik.org
• OSM uses Mapnik to render 256 X 256 pixels tiles
• osm2pgsql is used to convert OSM data to postgreSQL for Mapnik rendering
• Map sytles are controlled by stylesheet (XML) files.
• Useful tutorial! https://github.com/mapnik/mapnik/wiki/MapnikTutorials
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Mod tile• Mod tile is a system to serve tiles, for
example to use within a slippy map.
• The implement of Mod file is split into two ports
• mod_tile is a custom Apache module which is responsible for serving tiles and requests the rendering of tiles
• renderd - A rendering daemon which calls mapnik and writes the map tiles to the filesystem
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tile@home
• Tiles@home (short: T@H or tah) is a distributed program to render Osmarender maps.
• T@H has a server software, Tahngo (generation 2), running at the Tiles@home website, which get requests to render tiles from updated mapdata.
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Browsers
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Slippy map• The slippy is an Ajax component. JavaScript runs in the
browser, which dynamically requests tiles from the server in the background (without reloading web page) to give a smooth map browsing experiences.
• The implementation of slippy map is mostly provided by OpenLayers
• The tiles rendering usually comes from two resources
• Mapnik tile rendering
• Osmrender (tiles@home) tile rendering
See details http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/DevelopTuesday, February 7, 2012
Wiki documents
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OSM community
• Three main factors: wiki, mailing lists, mapping party
source: http://vaes9.codedgraphic.com/
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Applications/Services based on OSM
techniques
See details http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/List_of_OSM_based_Services
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Crisis Map
• Ushahidi.org• shahanafoundation.org
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opencyclemap.org
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histOSM.org
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Real-time train maphttp://kubus.mailspool.nl/spoorkaart/
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Humanitarian Response and OSM
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OSM Humanitarian Data Model
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OSM in Haiti
Before earthquake 7 days after earthquake
Souce: Maron 2010
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Researches on OSM
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OSM participants
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Number of Publications indexed by Google Scholar
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Some research topics on OSM
• data quality, ontologies, top-down process (Muki Haklay)
• 3D models and routing applications (Zipf et al.)
• Neocartography and geovisualization (Chilton, O’Brien)
• Semantic, ontologies (Bishr, Antoniou)
• Technical application (Mooney)
• Trust and general quality (van Exel)
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Types of research with OpenStreetMap
• Muki Haklay (2011) summarized three types
• With OSM - Working close to OSM community to identify research needs and follow them (Wiki Research Ideas page)
• About OSM Learning about OSM, and the community as part of VGI. Comparing it to other projects
• Using OSM–Using the data set to create new applications and explore scientific issues
Muki Haklay (2011) State of the Map EU - OpenStreetMap and GIScience research, State of the Map (SotM) 2011
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Important open questions• Cultural differences and the impact on mapping
• Impact of imports, and the rate and nature of updates of well mapped areas
• Spatial and temporal patterns of engagement and contribution, role of ‘slient’ mappers
• ‘Tyranny of place hypothesis’ and the impact of specific individual on mapping an area
• Internal culture and impact on gender, exclusion and long term engagement
• Legal studies - license use cases and application
• Usability (see Weber and Jones 2011)Source: Muki Haklay (2011)
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Limitations of academic research / collaboration
• Short attention span - the incentives are for novelty, not routine
• Publications are important, so research ideas are welcomed
• Academic institutes can provide power and network (up to a point), not money
• Enthusiastic students are available at specific time cycle
• Across the world, match funding for business, so introductions needed
• Academia careers have thematic focusSource: Muki Haklay (2011)
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Code of engagement for OSM research
• Rule 1– Join a mapping party.
• Rule 2 – Read OSM wiki, books, blogs, and mailing lists
• Rule 3 – Explore the data.
• Rule 4 – Open assess.
• Rule 5 – Open knowledge.
• Rule 6 – Be a critical friend.
• Rule 7 – Teach.
Source: Muki Haklay (2011)Tuesday, February 7, 2012
Code of engagement for OSM research
• Maintain links with the OSM community –it will pay off and will help you to identify new research directions.
• Also maintain links with in the VGI research community –even if the term is awkward, the research is valuable.
• Explore comparisons and parallels –it’s important to learn what is going on in other projects.
http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Research
Source: Muki Haklay (2011)
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Remarks
• OSM is a wiki-style map based on open sources and open data.
• OSM is a collaboration community. All participants are volunteers.
• More and more services and applications use OSM data and techniques.
• OSM is a good instance of VGI. Many researchers around the world are working on OSM.
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State of the Map 2012 in Tokyo
Taiwan Mapping party on Feb. 18, 2012
Question!
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Tuesday, February 7, 2012