osi and tcp
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2.1
Figure 2.1 Tasks involved in sending a letter
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2.2
2-2 THE OSI MODEL2-2 THE OSI MODEL
Established in 1947, the International Standards Established in 1947, the International Standards
Organization ( Organization ( ISO ISO ) is a multinational body dedicated to ) is a multinational body dedicated toworldwide agreement on international standards !n ISOworldwide agreement on international standards !n ISO
standard that co"ers all as#ects o$ networ%standard that co"ers all as#ects o$ networ%
communications is the O#en Systems Interconnectioncommunications is the O#en Systems Interconnection
( ( OSI OSI ) model It was $irst introduced in the late 197&s ) model It was $irst introduced in the late 197&s
Layered Architecture
Peer-to-Peer Processes
Encapsulation
'o#ics discussed in this section'o
#ics discussed in this section
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2.3
I! is the organi"ation.!I is the #odel.
ote
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2.$
Figure 2.2 Se"en layers o$ the OSI model
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2.%
Figure 2.3 'he interaction between layers in the OSI model
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2.&
Figure 2.$ !n e*change using the OSI model
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2.'
2-3 LAYERS IN THE OSI MODEL2-3 LAYERS IN THE OSI MODEL
In this section we brie$ly describe the $unctions o$ each In this section we brie$ly describe the $unctions o$ each
layer in the OSI modellayer in the OSI model
Physical Layer
(ata Link Layer
)et*ork Layer
Transport Layer
ession Layer
Presentation Layer
Application Layer
'o#ics discussed in this section'o #ics discussed in this section
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2.+
Figure 2.% +hysical layer
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• Type of transmission media
• Data rate
•
Topology• Transmission mode
• Synchronization of clock
2.1
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2.11
Figure 2.& ata lin% layer
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2.12
The data link layer is responsile or #oving
ra#es ro# one hop /node0 to the net.
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• Framing
• Physical addressing
•
Flow control• Error control
• Access control
2.13
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2.1$
Figure 2.' -o#.to.ho# deli"ery
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2.1%
Figure 2.+ etwor% layer
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2.1&
The net*ork layer is responsile or thedelivery o individual packets ro#
the source host to the destination host.
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• Logical addressing
• Routing
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2.1+
Figure 2., Source.to.destination deli"ery
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2.1,
Figure 2.1 'rans#ort layer
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2.2
The transport layer is responsile or the deliveryo a #essage ro# one process to another.
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• Serice!point addressing
• Segmentation and reassem"ly
•
#onnection control• Flow control
• Error control
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2.22
Figure 2.11 /eliable #rocess.to.#rocess deli"ery o$ a message
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2.23
Figure 2.12 Session layer
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2.2$
The session layer is responsile or dialogcontrol and synchroni"ation.
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• dialog control (turn to transmit)
• Allow system to either transmitin half duplex or in full duplexmode
• Synchronization (introducingcheck point)
2.2%
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2.2&
Figure 2.13 +resentation layer
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2.2'
The presentation layer is responsile or translationco#pression and encryption.
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• Translation
• Encryption
•
#ompression
2.2+
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2.2,
Figure 2.1$ !##lication layer
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2.3
The application layer is responsile orproviding services to the user.
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• File transfer$ access$ andmanagement%
• &ail serices
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2.32
Figure 2.1% Summary o$ layers
2 4 TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE
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2.33
2-4 TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE2-4 TCP/IP PROTOCOL SUITE
'he layers in the'he layers in the '0+I+ #rotocol suite'0+I+ #rotocol suite do not e*actlydo not e*actly
match those in the OSI model 'he original '0+I+match those in the OSI model 'he original '0+I+ #rotocol suite was de$ined as ha"ing $our layers #rotocol suite was de$ined as ha"ing $our layers host.to.host.to.
networ% networ% , , internet internet , , trans#ort trans#ort , and , and a##licationa##lication -owe"er, -owe"er,
when '0+I+ is com#ared to OSI, we can say that thewhen '0+I+ is com#ared to OSI, we can say that the
'0+I+ #rotocol suite is made o$ $i"e layers'0+I+ #rotocol suite is made o$ $i"e layers #hysical #hysical , ,
data lin% data lin% , , networ% networ% , , trans#ort trans#ort , and , and a##licationa##lication
Physical and (ata Link Layers
)et*ork Layer
Transport Layer
Application Layer
'o#ics discussed in this section'o #ics discussed in this section
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2.3$
Figure 2.1& '0+I+ and OSI model
2 5 ADDRESSING2 5 ADDRESSING
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2.3%
2-5 ADDRESSING2-5 ADDRESSING
2our le"els o$ addresses are used in an internet em#loying2our le"els o$ addresses are used in an internet em#loying
the '0+I+ #rotocolsthe '0+I+ #rotocols #hysical #hysical , , logical logical , , #ort #ort , and , and s#eci$ics#eci$ic
Physical Addresses
Logical Addresses
Port Addressespeciic Addresses
'o#ics discussed in this section'o #ics discussed in this section
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2.3&
Figure 2.1' !ddresses in '0+I+
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2 3'
Figure 2.1+ /elationshi# o$ layers and addresses in '0+I+