PHYSICAL INJURY AND CONTROLS

3.1 INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL INJURY

3 major argument that validate OSH to be managed:--Legal argument-Economic argument.-Humanitarian argument.

3.1.1 LEGAL ARGUMENT

2 main legal provisions governing occupational safety and health:--Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994, Regulation and Orders.-Factories and Machinery Act 1967 and Regulation.

Penalty for non-compliance:-Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994, Regulation and Orders:-

i. Maximum fine not exceeding RM50000.00ii. Maximum imprisonment not exceeding 2years or both

iii. Notice of improvement & notice of prohibition.iv. Maximum fine RM2000.00/day for continuous offences.

- Factories & Machinery Act 1967 & Regulation:-

i. Maximum fine not exceeding RM250000 orii. Maximum imprisons not exceeding 5 years or both

iii. Notice of improvement & notice of prohibitioniv. Maximum fine RM2000/day for continuous offences.

3.1.2 ECONOMIC ARGUMENT

Types of accident costs:--Insured cost or direct cost.-Uninsured cost or hidden cost.

Affected parties:--The country-The employer-The victims

3.1.3 HUMANITARIAN ARGUMENT

It is the moral duty of every man to ensure the general well-being of our fellow men. This place an onus on all parties to ensure others safety and health at the workplace. Workers die, lost their health, income, career, dreams, and futures. The families of injured workers are also deeply hurt, economically and emotionally.

3.2 CONSTRUCTION WORK

Falls from height:--Working platforms

Above 2m from ground floor.

-Roof work:-

Edge protection Safety hardness

-Ladder must be in:-

In good condition. Inspected regularly. Lashed at top end to structure. Be set no steeper than 75

Falling object:--Hard hat must be worn-Material stored at high level.

Wide enough to allow access storage position Strong enough to support the weight Hand rails, toe board and netting or similar must be provided.

Trenches and excavations deeper than 1.2m should:--Battered-Benches

Temporary wiring Power tools Materials

3.3 ELECTRICAL WORK

This includes such areas as the type of equipment used, handling of equipment, and maintenance of system in place to reduce the risk from electrical faults.

Recipient in the way shown if contact is made with a live conductor

Currents Potential

1-3mA Generally can’t be felt10-15mA Difficult to let go or be pushed away25-30mA Contraction of chest muscles is affected,

resulting in heart fluttering and an inability of the heart to pump blood.

3.4 MECHANICAL WORK

Lift, including hoist Cranes, including lifting tackle Conveyors Powered trucks, including driverless trucks

1. Cranes are lifting equipment that have no restraint on the direction of movement, typical crane are:

Chain block Mono rails Overhead travelling cranes

2. The training driver should: Be by qualified instructors Be held in house or at accredited training centre.

3. Candidates for forklift truck training should: Be over 18 years Have a medical check before training start No colour-blind Not be known drug users

3.5 CHEMICAL WORK

-The key information sources to use in controlling chemical hazards in workplace:

National and local OHS and dangerous good authorities. Materials safety data sheet Substances labels Chemical registers Emergency procedures guides The UN recommendation Dangerous goods and occupational safety and health acts and regulation.

-The regulation includes the requirement for:

Classification of the chemical Assignment of packing group Marking of package Vehicle and transport containers documentation Packing Transport in bulk Stowage and compatibility of different goods requirement Procedures for transport Construction and testing of packages, intermediate bulk containers, large packages and

portable tank.

3.6 EXAMPLES OF ACCIDENT CASES

Piper alpha tragedy

Chernobyl disaster

Bhopal tragedy

Hawks nest tragedy

Minamata tragedy