osha, ansi design criteria for access roof ladders
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Applicable Codes andCode Provisions
Fixed Vertical Ladders
Applicable Codes for Fixed Ladders
0 OSHA-Occupational Safety & Health Admin.
0 ANSI-American National Standards Institute
0 OSHA and ANSI code are similar. The more stringent code element in each is used as a guideline in this presentation.
0 National codes0 OSHA 1910.27
0www.OSHA.gov
0 ANSI A14.30www.ANSI.org
0 Websites offer easy code reference
Note: Some states may have special code requirements
Current OSHA and ANSI Code Covers
Fixed Vertical Ladders Only
Ladder Security Doors and Security Gates
Ladder Extensions at Walk Thru Exit
0 24” clear opening0 Standard true for caged ladders
0 Exit Straight through = 42” side rail extension is required
Step Across Distance
0 Distance from the top tread to a weight bearing surface:0 OSHA = 2-1/2” to 12” 0 ANSI = 7” to 12”
0 Platforms are required to gap larger step across distances
Ladder Extensions at Side Exit
0 Side Exit = Overshoot
0 Overshoot = at least 48” above the top tread 0 Rungs are NOT omitted 0 Standard true for caged ladders
Areas of Angle
0 Ladders may not have angles greater than 90°
0 Preferred pitch – 76° to 90°0 Substandard pitch (inclined, ships
ladder) – 60° to 75°
0 Live Load per Rung Requirements0250 lbs. (ANSI)0200 lbs. (OSHA)
0 Note: Industry standard is +/- 1000 pounds
Rungs, Cleats or Treads
Rungs, Cleats or Treads0 Requirement = burr free power grip surface
0 Any shape is accepted0 ¾” minimum cross section standard 0 1” minimum in high corrosion areas 0 Anti-slip texture preferred
Rungs, Cleats or Treads
0 First rung level with exit point at top of ladder
0 Rungs descend in 12” increments 0 Spacing must be equal0 Bottom rung must be within 14” of
ground
Rungs, Cleats or Treads
0 12” maximum vertical tread spacing0 Uniform spacing throughout climb0 ANSI states bottom rung 14”
maximum above ground 12” MAX
14” MAX
14” MAX
12” MAX
Clearances (Clear Width of Tread)
16”MIN 16” min
0 16” minimum between side rails
Clear Space Behind Ladder
0 7” minimum clear space behind ladder 0 Exceptions for unavoidable obstructions are rarely granted.
7”MIN
7” min
Climber Clearance
15”MIN
15“ min 15” min
0 15” Clear width left and right0 Except when cage required
Climber Clearance0 Minimum 30” clearance0 Minimum 36” at a 76° pitch0 All others proportional distance determined
by slope
2’ 6”min
Safety Cages (OSHA)
0 Cages provided on ladders more than 20’
0 Recommended on shorter ladders in dangerous locations
0 Cages extend past exit point0 Cages start between 7’ and 8’ above
ground0 Cage sizes and shapes set by code
Safety Cages (ANSI)
0 Cages provided on ladders more than 24’0 Recommended on shorter ladders in
dangerous locations0 Cages extend past exit point0 Cages start between 7’ and 8’ above
ground0 Cage sizes and shapes are set by code
Landing Platforms0 Landings provided for each 30’ of height except where no
cage, well, or ladder safety device is provided 0 Rest platforms offset at each level0 Rest platforms have handrails and toe boards on all
exposed sides0 Landing minimum 48” length and 30” width0 Ladder accessing landing have rung level with platform
Access Ladders: OSHA, ANSI, and IBC Design Criteria and Applications
4188 East Andrew Johnson HighwayMorristown, TN 37814
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