Ron SegaRon SegaDirector of Defense Research & Engineering

March 31, 2004

National Aerospace Initiative (NAI) and National Security Workforce

National Aerospace Initiative (NAI) National Aerospace Initiative (NAI) and and National Security WorkforceNational Security Workforce

National Space Symposium

Overview

• U.S. Science and Engineering Workforce• Summary

National Security WorkforceNational Security WorkforceNational Security Workforce

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 Total S&Es 48.0% 47.6% 47.6% 46.6% 45.8% All sci 28.8% 28.6% 28.8% 28.0% 27.4% Comp/Math sci 54.0% 51.6% 50.4% 48.8% 47.6% Life sci 10.8% 11.7% 12.0% 12.2% 12.0% Physical sci 29.4% 29.2% 30.2% 28.2% 27.5% Social sci 21.2% 21.6% 21.7% 21.9% 21.4% All eng 67.1% 67.2% 67.7% 67.3% 67.0% Aerospace 46.3% 45.5% 46.7% 46.7% 45.2% Chemical 59.5% 59.6% 62.1% 61.3% 60.8% Civil 59.7% 61.3% 62.1% 62.1% 61.8% EE&Comp 79.0% 79.4% 79.9% 79.4% 79.4% Industrial 86.0% 85.2% 84.8% 83.8% 82.4% Mechanical 88.1% 88.2% 88.5% 88.2% 88.2% Other eng 54.3% 54.0% 54.5% 54.5% 54.7%

Source: Pre-release - OPM data for NSF pub, Table B-14. Federal scientists and engineers, by agency and major occupational group: 1994-1998

DoD S&E as % of Fed Workforce

AeronauticalAstronauticalElectrical EngineeringMechanical EngineeringMetallurgy & MaterialsCivil EngineeringAll EngineeringMathematics Computer Science

All Fields of ResearchSource: Federal Funds for R&D, NSF Report #02-321 updated 8/02/02, KT

Univ.Research

52%52%28%28%68%68%67%67%37%37%14%14%33%33%14% 14% 37%37%

7%7%

Univ.Applied

71%71%3%68%68%72%72%59%59%20%36%36%15% 88%

8%

Univ.Basic37%37%90%90%69%69%67%67%33%33%11%11%32%32%14% 14% 12%12%

7%7%

FedTotal38%38%14%14%81%81%71%71%36%36%35%35%39%39%15% 15% 35%35%

13%13%

DoD Percent of Federal ResearchBasic and Applied Research (FY00)

Overall S&E Demand Projections 2000-2010From “Occupational Outlook Handbook” Bureau of Labor Statistics

Projected growth in S&E DemandDoD Defense-Related Disciplines

10%Physics10-20%Chemistry/Materials Science

-1%Mathematics0-2%Nuclear Engineering

10-20%Mechanical Engineering3-9%Materials Engineering3-9%Industrial Engineering

10-20%Electrical & Electronic Engineering36%Computer Software Engineering

21-35%Computer Hardware Engineering3-9%Chemical Engineering

10-20%Aerospace Engineering

Table VII

Source: American Physical Society - APS News August/September 2000 -

PhysicalReview

&PhysicalReviewLetters

TotalSubmissions

Physical Review Trends

U.S. College and University Graduates, 1966-2001

Degrees, all fields

S&E Degrees (excluding Engr Tech and Health/Med Sci)

U.S. Production of S&E Graduates*

*Source: Data provided by the NSF, September 2003

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001

Academic year ending in . . .

Bac

cala

urea

tes

(Mill

ions

)

1994 2001

U.S. University Trends in Defense-Related S&E Graduate Student Enrollment (1994-2001)

-2000

3000

8000

13000

18000

23000Science Disciplines

Aliens with Temporary Visas

U.S. Citizens + Permanent Resident Aliens

U.S. Citizen8 Yr. Delta

-27.2%

-9.9%

-25.3%

+14.1%

Phys

ics

Che

mis

try

Mat

h/A

pplie

d

Com

pute

r Sci

.

Physics

Chemistry

Math/Applied

Computer Sciences

Physics

Chemistry

Math/Applied

Computer Sciences

1994 / 2001

Phys

ics

Che

mis

try

Mat

h/A

pplie

d

Com

pute

r Sci

.

Table I-2NSF Data

U.S. University Trends in Defense-Related S&EGraduate Student Enrollment (1994-2001)

-5000

0

5000

10000

15000

20000Engineering Disciplines

U.S. Citizens + Perm.Resident Aliens

U.S. Citizen8 Yr. Delta

Aliens with Temporary Visas

-26.2%

-18.9%

-21.7%

-33.0%

-32.1%

-29.7%

-24.7%

-49.1%

Aer

ospa

ce

Che

mic

al

Elec

tric

alEn

gine

erin

gSc

ienc

esIn

dust

rial/

Mfg

.M

echa

nica

l

Met

allu

rgy/

Mat

eria

ls

Nuc

lear

Aer

ospa

ce

Che

mic

al

Elec

tric

al

Engi

neer

ing

Scie

nces

Indu

stria

l/M

fg.

Mec

hani

cal

Met

allu

rgy/

Mat

eria

ls

Nuc

lear

Aerospace

Chemical

Electrical

Engineering Science

Industrial/Manufacturing

Mechanical

Metallurgical/Materials

Nuclear

Aerospace

Chemical

Electrical

Engineering Science

Industrial/Manufacturing

Mechanical

Metallurgical/Materials

Nuclear

1994 / 2001

Table IIINSF Data

U.S. Engineering PhD’s Awarded

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

5,500

6,000

6,500

7,000

1992 15-Jun 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

S&E (Produced in US) S&E (US Cit)

*Source: Data provided by the NSF, September 2002

19942001

U.S. S&E Ph.D Production Trends (1994-2001)

-5,000

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

All U.S. S&E Discipline Doctoral Production U.S. Citizen U.S. Citizen

8 Yr. DeltaTotal

Engineering

Science

Physical-Science

Defense-related Phys. Sci.

Defense-related Eng.

Engineering

Science

Physical-Science

Defense-related Phys. Sci.

Defense-related Eng.

1994 / 2001

-3.3%

-0.2%

-1.9%

-14.7%

-4.6%

Engi

neer

ing

Scie

nce

Def

-rel

ated

Phys

. Sci

.

Def

-rel

ated

Engi

neer

ing

Phys

ical

-Sc

ienc

e

Engi

neer

ing

Scie

nce

Def

-rel

ated

Phys

. Sci

.

Def

-rel

ated

Engi

neer

ing

Phys

ical

-Sc

ienc

e

Table IVNSF Data

U.S. S&E Ph.D. Production Trends (1994-2001)

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500Annual U.S. Defense-Related Physical Science Production

Total U.S. Citizens U.S. Citizen8 Yr. Delta

Physics

Chemistry

Math

Computer Sciences

Physics

Chemistry

Math

Computer Sciences

1994 / 2001

-23.7%

-12.7%

-6.9%

-13.8%

Phys

ics

Che

mis

try

Mat

h

Com

pute

rSc

ienc

es

Phys

ics

Che

mis

try

Mat

h

Com

pute

rSc

ienc

es

Table VNSF Data

U.S. S&E Ph.D. Production Trends (1994-2001)

-500

0

500

1000

1500

2000U.S. Defense-Related Engineering Disciplines Doctoral Production

-14.5%

U.S. Citizens U.S. Citizen8 Yr. Delta

Aero/Astro.

Chemical

Electrical

Industrial

Mater./Metal.

Mechanical

Other (nuclear, et al)

Aero/Astro.

Chemical

Electrical

Industrial

Mater./Metal.

Mechanical

Other (nuclear, et al)

1994 / 2001

+12%

-26.7%

-19.1%

-7.3%

+7.2%

+20.1%

Total

Aer

o/A

stro

Che

mic

al

Elec

tric

al

Indu

stria

l

Mat

er/M

etal

Mec

hani

cal

Oth

er

Aer

o/A

stro

Che

mic

al

Elec

tric

al

Indu

stria

l

Mat

er/M

etal

Mec

hani

cal

Oth

er

Table VINSF Data

ElementarySchool Level

MiddleSchool Level

SecondarySchool Level

UndergradLevel

GraduateLevel

Existing DoD Outreach and Education Programs

• STARBASE• e-Cybermission• Others

• Materials World Modules (MWM)

• Service Progs.• *Modeling &

Simulation-Based Math

• *Others TBD (BEST)• *DoD SecondarySchool Interns(TBD)

• Undergrad Research

• Freshman ScienceExperience

• Service Progs.• *Modeling &

Simulation-Based Math

•*DoD Undergrad

Interns (TBD)

• NationalDefense

Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowships

• Service Progs.• *Graduate

Research Traineeships

• *DoD GraduateInterns (TBD)

DoD Education Initiatives

No Child Left Behind

*Exploring

• STARBASE • Mentor/Volunteer• Summer Camps• Others

Math, Science & Engineering:National Security and the Workforce

Materials World Modules

Kindles interest in science and engineering and instills passion for discovery

• Modules in use

“Integrated” multidisciplinary approach to Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Environmental Science and Geoscience using “materials as a paradigm”

• Adopted by DoD Education Activity in 13 overseas school districts in Fall ’00

Math, Science & Engineering: National Security and the Workforce

Ceramics

Polymers

Smart Sensors

Nanotechnology

Surfaces and Membranes

Biodegradable Materials

Biosensors

Food Packaging Materials

Environmental Catalysis

Metals and Alloys

Composites

Concrete

Sports Materials

• Modules in test• Modules in design

Materials World Module Content

• Adopted in over 500 US schools in 14 states

Deployment Based Considerations of MWM Use:

• Supports Army’s intent “to give back to the Nation”• Attracts an audience of children beyond math/science “stars”• Web-based adventure: team competition activities, games, puzzles with

solid learning points • Overview

• Web Based Competition – Team Effort• 6-9th Grade, 3-4 Student Teams + 1 Advisor• $500K in Prizes, ($2K-$5K/Team Member) Regional and National

eCYBERMISSIONShows Students that Math, Science and Technology can be

interesting and exciting

STARBASE

• Primarily At-Risk kids• 20 Classroom Hour experience

at DoD bases • 45+ sites in

28 states• Engaging

Scienceand Mathematics

• Grades 5-8

U.S. Science and Engineering (S&E) is critical for Defense Transformation

Significant reduction in DoD S&Es over the last decade

More DoD S&Es nearing retirement

U.S. citizens are required in many DoD applications

U.S. S&E workforce is an issue of National Security

Summary