os installing csci n321 – system and network administration copyright © 2000, 2012 by scott orr...
TRANSCRIPT
OS Installing
CSCI N321 – System and Network Administration
Copyright © 2000, 2012 by Scott Orr and the Trustees of Indiana University
Section Overview
Hardware Inventory & Compatibility
Disk Space & Partitioning
Installation Media & Methods
OS Installation
Customization
Evard’s System Life Cycle
NewNew
CleanClean
Build
ConfigureConfigureInitializeUnknownUnknown
Entropy
Debug
OffOff
Retire
Update
Rebuild
Getting started
Pick OS, vendor, & versionInstallation mediaRead vendor documentationHW Drivers? Directly Supported? Downloadable?
Hardware Inventory
CPU/Motherboard/MemoryHard Drive(s) & PartitionsKeyboard/MouseCD/DVDGraphics Card/MonitorSoundNetworking
Gathering the Hardware Info
PC vendor documentationPeripheral documentationWinXP, or Win7 if installed
Record all information in Wiki
Hardware Info – Windows 7
System Properties General Tab Device manager
Disk Usage - Disk Manager Partitions Free Space
Network Settings – TCP/IP Properties Address/Subnet Mask Gateway DNS Configuration
Fedora 16 Requirements
Text Mode CPU: 200MHz Pentium-class+ Memory: 768 MB
Graphics (X Windows) Mode CPU: 400MHz Pentium Pro Memory
Minimum: 768MB Recommended: 1152MB+
Disk Repartitioning
Destructive – fdisk/gparted
Non-destructive Split a larger partition into 2 or more
smaller ones Must defragment the partition first ntfsresize Commercial tools ALWAYS back data up first!!!
Fedora Installation Sources
Live CDDVDMinimal
CD Boot USB Boot Rescue Boot
Network NFS Image FTP HTTP PXE
Installation from Media
Language SelectionKeyboard/MousePartitioning Boot Loader ConfiguraionNetwork ConfigurationRoot Account CreationImage copied from CD
Disk Partitioning
Create partitions on available drivesLists existing partitions/filesystem typesPartition information Mount point Linux device Requested/actual space Filesystem type
Need native and swap partitions
Minimum Partition Sizes
DirectoryDirectory Min. SizeMin. Size
/ 250MB
/boot 250MB
/usr 250MB
/tmp 50MB
/var* 384MB
/home 100MB
* Will need more in order to patch the system the first time
Linux Drive Names
Floppy Disk - /dev/fd0CDROM Drive - /dev/cdromHard Drives - /dev/hdXY X – drive number (a-d) Y – Partition number (1-9) Example: /dev/hda5 (drive a, partition
5)
SCSI/USB Devices - /dev/sdXY
Swap Partitions
Extends the amount of RAM installed
Classic UNIX Rule of Thumb Swap partition should be twice the
size of RAM installed Can get by with much less under
Linux
Fedora Swap Requirements
RAMRAM Min. Swap SizeMin. Swap Size
>= 4GB 2 GB
4GB – 16GB 4 GB
16GB – 64GB 8 GB
64GB – 256GB 16 GB
256GB – 512GB 32 GB
GRUB Boot loader
GRand Unified BootloaderInstalled on the primary hard drive Provides a menu to boot installed Operating SystemsCan modify for special boot modesPassword protection
Root Account
Superuser (Administrator in Windows)System Administration accountUnlimited access to everythingShould use only when neededPrinciple of Least Privilege
Post Media Installation
License agreementFirewall – Enable only what you needSELinux – More on this laterDate/Time Manual Time Server
User account Creation
Installation Testing
Boot Messages Display Devices found List services started Watch for any error messages
Login Prompt
System Patches
Fix bugs discovered after version releaseNotification Vendor email lists Security Announcements (i.e. CERT)
Automated systems Fedora & RedHat: yum Microsoft: Windows Update
Dual-Boot Installations
Installation of more than 1 OS on systemOS chosen at boot time (e.g.: Grub)Space Allocation PlanningVirtualization VMWare Virtual PC Xen/UML Application level (wine)
Large Deployments
Automated OS Installation Minimizes Mistakes & Non-uniformity Examples: RedHat KickStart, Windows AIK
Partially Automated Each station requires minor tweaking
Cloning Images based on Golden Machine Example: Ghost
Checklists!!!Templates