os at c-dit,

Centre for Development of Imaging Technology, Kayamkulam

CHAPTER – 1

INTRODUCTION

The purpose of organizational study is to familiarize with the setup and functioning of

various departments of an organization. This study provides an opportunity to expose the

students to an industry / organization and its operational conditions. This study helped the

students to create practical awareness.

The organizational study undertaken as a part of the curriculum was done at Centre for

Development of Imaging Technology (C-DIT), Kayamkulam. Centre for Development of

Imaging Technology (C-DIT) is an organization established in 1988 by the government of

Kerala for advancement of research, development and training in imaging technology with an

implied role in socially relevant science and development communication. This report consists of

a detailed study of the history of the company, product profile, organizational hierarchy, various

departments and their functioning etc.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

To get an organizational exposure.

To study the vision, mission and corporate objectives.

To familiarize with the organizational structure and functions of various departments.

To understand how the theoretical aspects are put into practice in the organization.

To analyze the strength and weakness of the company.

To conduct Environmental analysis.

METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY

Research methodology is a science. It is a method that can be used to solve the research

problem .Research methodology has many dimensions and research method is only a part of it.

So the scope of research methodology is wider than that of research methods. Research

methodology deals with the objective of a research study, the method of defining the research

problem, the type of hypothesis formulated the type data collected, methods used to collecting

and analyzing the data etc.

This report was prepared on the basis of primary and secondary data collection.

Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor


Data collection

Primary data - Primary data for the study was collected from informal interview and

discussions with team leaders, department heads, other managerial staff and workers etc.

Secondary data - Secondary data was collected from supplements, annual reports, websites,

departmental guidelines etc.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The intention of the study was to gain firsthand experience of the structure and functioning of

the organization. It enables one to understand the practical constraints faced while putting the

theory into practice.

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

It has chances of biased opinion from the employees.

The busy schedule of the team leaders, department heads etc, restricted collection of detailed

information.

The company is not ready to give all the details because some data are confidential.

Due to paucity of time, a detailed study could not be done.

CHAPTERISATION

Chapter I: Introduction

Introduction

Objectives

Methodology

Scope of study

Limitation

Chapterisation

Chapter II: Industry profile

Chapter III: Company profile

History



Organization chart

Strategic Intend

Products

Chapter IV: Departmental profile

C-DIT has 14 teams working under four divisions;

Information systems division;

1) Web services team (WST)

2) Open source technology team (OST)

3) Software engineering team (SET)

Technical extension and image processing division

4) Optical image processing team (OIP)

5) Technology extension team (TET)

6) Communication training team (CTT)

E-Governance and Research development division;

7) E-Governance Team

8) Research and Development Team (R&D)

9) Computational Linguistic Team (CLT)

Visual Communication Division;

10) Advertisement Film Team (AFT)

11) Video Documentary Team (VDT)

12) Sutharykeralam and News Services (SK&NS)

13) Educational Informatics and New Media Team (EI&NM)

14) CyberSri

In addition to the above divisions, C-DIT has;

Purchase and Store Department

Administration Department

Finance and Accounts Department

Legal Department



Chapter V: Environmental analysis

SWOT analysis

PESTEL analysis

Chapter VI: PORTER’S 5 FORCE MODEL

Chapter VII: FINDINGS, CONCLUSION & SUGGESTIONS

Findings

Suggestions

Conclusion



CHAPTER 2

INDUSTRY PROFILE

INDUSTRY PROFILE

+ given that it has become an essential element of the infrastructure underpinning competitive

economies.

Encouraging signs of recovery have appeared in early 2010 in many countries across the

world, spearheaded by emerging markets such as China and India, which achieved healthy GDP

growth rates in 2009. The US information technology (IT) industry includes about 120,000

establishments (single-location companies and branches of multi-location companies) with

combined annual revenue of about $250 billion. Major companies include Computer Science

Corporation (CSC), Unisys, and the technology consulting arms of IBM and Hewlett-Packard.

The computer facilities management segment of the industry is highly concentrated: the 50

largest companies hold more than 80 percent of the market.

Competitive landscape

Demand for IT services is driven by rapid technological advances, but spending for these

expensive products depends on the health of the US economy .the profitability of the companies

depends on offering technical expertise, innovative services and effective marketing. Large

companies have advantages in broad service offerings and global reach, which them the ability

to provide outsourcing services to big corporate customers. Small companies can compete

effectively by specializing in market niches or by partnering with larger companies that want to

broaden their mix of services.

Information technology in India

There are three known categorical definitions for the term Information Technology.(I.T).

As it pertains to technology Information Technology is the “Technology” used for the study

understanding planning design construction testing distribution support and operations of

software computers and computer related systems that exist for the purpose of Data Information

& knowledge processing.



As it pertains to industry Information technology is the “industry” that has evolved to include the

study science and solution sets for all aspects of data information and knowledge management

and or processing, technology

As it pertains to organizations or organizational structures Information technology is the

organization in an enterprise or business that is held responsible and accountable for the

technology used for planning design construction testing distribution support and operations of

software computers and computer related systems that exist for the purpose of data information

and knowledge management and or processing.

The Indian information technology industry accounts for a 5.9% of the country’s GDP and

export earnings as of 2009, while providing employment to a significant number of its tertiary

sector workforce. More than 2.3 million people are employed in the sector either directly or

indirectly, making it one of the biggest job creators in India and a mainstay of the national

economy. In March 2009, annual revenues from outsourcing operations in India amounted to US

$ 60 billion and this is expected to increase to US $225 billion by 2020. The most prominent IT

hub is IT capital Bangalore. The other emerging destinations are Chennai, Hyderabad, Mumbai,

Pune NCR, Jaipur and Kolkata. Technically proficient immigrants from India sought jobs in the

western world from the 1950s onwards as India’s education system produced more engineers

than its industry could absorb. However, there are severe skill shortage among engineers,

specially who lack in soft skills and technical skills, as a result engineering graduates remain

unemployed after being pass out from college or university. India’s growing stature in the

information age enabled it to form close ties with both the United States of America and the

European Union.

India’s IT services industry was born in Mumbai in 1967 with the establishment of Tata Group

in partnership with Burroughs. The first software export zone SEEPZ was set up here way back

in 1973, the old avatar of the modern day IT Park. More than 80 percent of the country’s

software exports happened out of SEEPZ in 80s.

Formative years (till 1991)

The Indian government acquired the EVS EM computers from the Soviet Union, which

were used in large companies and research laboratories. In 1968 Tata Consultancy

Services-established in SEEPZ, Mumbai by the Tata Group-were the country’s largest

software producers



during the 1960s. As an outcome of the various policies of Jawaharlal Nehru (office: 15

August 1947 – 27 May 1964) the economically beleaguered country was able to build a

large scientific workforce, second in numbers only to that of the United States of America

and the Soviet Union. On 18 August 1951 the minister of education Maulana Abdul

Kalam Azad, inaugurated the Indian Institute of Technology at Kharagpur in West

Bengal. Possibly modeled after the Massachusetts Institute of Technology these

institutions were conceived by a 22 member committee of scholars and entrepreneurs

under the chairmanship of N.R.Sarkar.

Relaxed immigration laws in the United States of America (1965) attracted a number of

skilled Indian professionals aiming for research. By 1960 as many as 10,000 Indians were

estimated to have settled in the US. Kanpur (2006). The reason for this immigration was

rooted in India producing more engineers through its education system-expanded during

the 1950s-than its industry was able to absorb. By the 1980s a number of engineers from

India were seeking employment in other countries. In response, the Indian companies

realigned wages to retain their experienced staff.

The United States technological lead was driven in no small part by the brain power of

brilliant immigrants, many of whom came from India. The inestimable contributions of

thousands of highly trained Indians migrants in every area of America scientific and

technological achievement culminated with the information technology revolution most

associated with California’s Silicon Valley in the 1980s and 1990s.

The National Informatics Centre was established in March 1975. The inception of the

Computer Maintenance Company (CMC) followed in October 1976. Between 1977-1980

the country’s Information Technology companies Tata Infotech, Patni Computer Systems,

and Wipro, had become visible. The ‘microchip revolution’ of the 1980s had convinced

both Indira Gandhi and her successor Rajiv Gandhi that electronics and

telecommunications were vital to India’s growth and development. MTNL underwent

technological improvements. Between 1986-1987, the Indian government embarked upon

the creation of three wide-area computer networking schemes: INDONET (intended to

serve the IBM mainframes in India), NICNET (the network for India’s National

Informatics Centre), and the academic research oriented Education and Research Network

(ERNET).

Regulated VSAT links become visible in 1985. Desai (2006) describes the steps taken to

relax regulations on linking in 1991:



In 1991 the department of Electronics broke this impasse, creating a corporation called

Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) that, being owned by the government, could

provide VSAT communications without breaching its monopoly. STPI set up software

technology parks in different cities, each of which provided satellite links to be used by

firms; the local link was a wireless radio link. In 1993 the government began to allow

individual companies their own dedicated links, which allowed work done in India to be

transmitted abroad directly. Indian firms soon convinced their American customers that a

satellite link was as reliable as a team of programmers working in the client’s office.

Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL) introduced Gateway Electronic Mail Service in

1991, the 64kbit/s leased line service in 1992, and commercial Internet access on a visible

scale in 1992. Election results were displayed via National Informatics Centre’s NICNET.

The Indian economy underwent economic reforms in 1991, leading to a new era of

globalization and international economic integration. Economic growth of over 6%

annually was seen between 1993-2002. The economic reforms were driven in part by

significant the internet usage in the country. The new administration under Atal Bihari

Vajpayee-which placed the development of Information Technology among its top five

priorities-formed the Indian National Task Force on Information technology and Software

Development.

Wolcott & Goodman (2003) report on the role of the Indian National Task Force in

Information Technology and Software development:

Within 90 days of its establishment, the Task Force produced an extensive background

report on the state of technology in India and an IT Action Plan with 108

recommendations. The task force could act quickly because it built upon the experience

and frustrations of state governments, central governments agencies, universities, and the

software industry. Much of what it proposed was also consistent with the thinking and

recommendations of International bodies like the World Trade Organizations (WTO),

International Telecommunications Union (ITU), and World Bank. In addition, the Task

Force incorporated the experiences of Singapore and other nations, which implemented

similar programs. It was less a task of invention than of sparking action on a consensus

that had already evolved within the networking community and government.

The New Telecommunication policy, 1999 (NTP 1999) helped further liberalize India’s

telecommunications sector. The Information Technology Act 2000 created legal

procedures for electronics transactions and e-commerce.



Throughout the 1990s, another wave of Indian professionals entered the United States.

The number of Indian Americans reached 1.7 million by 2000. This immigration consisted

largely of highly educated technologically proficient workers. Within the United States,

Indians fared well in Science, engineering and management. Graduates from the Indian

Institute of technology (IIT) become known for their technical skills. The success of

Information Technology in India not only had economic repercussions but also had far-

reaching political consequences. India’s reputation both as a source and a destination for

skilled workforce helped it improve its relations with a number of world economics. The

relationship between economy and technology-valued in the western world-facilitated the

growth of an entrepreneurial class of immigrant Indian, which further helped aid in

promoting technology-driven growth.

2001

Indian is now one of the biggest IT capitals in the modern world. The economic effect of the

technologically inclined services sector in India-accounting for 40% of the country’s GDP and

30% of export earnings as of 2006, while employing only 25% of its workforce.

The share of IT (mainly software) in total exports increased from I percent in 1990 to 18 percent

in 2001. IT-enabled services such as back office operations, remote maintenance, accounting,

public call centers, medical transcriptions, insurance claims, and other bulk processing are

rapidly expanding. Indian companies such as TCS, Wipro and Infosys may yet become

household names around the world. Today, Bangalore is known as the Silicon Valley of India

and contributes 33% of Indian IT exports. India’s second and third largest software companies

are head-quartered in Bangalore, as are many of the global SEI-CMM Level 5 companies. And

Mumbai too has its share of IT companies once that are established as well as start-ups, and

these IT and dot com companies are ruling the roost of Mumbai’s relatively high octane industry

of Information Technology.

Such is the growth in investment and outsourcing; it was revealed that Cap Gemini will soon

have more staff in India than it does in its home market of France with 21,000 personnel in

India. On 25 June 2002 India and the European Union agreed to bilateral cooperation in the field

of science and technology. A joint EU-India group of scholars was formed on 23 November,

2001 to further promote joint research and development. India holds observer status at CERN

while a joint India-EU Software Education and Development Center is due at Bangalore.



Features of I.T Industry at a Glance

Economies of scale for the information technology industry are high. The marginal

cost of each unit of additional software or hardware is insignificant compared to the

value addition that results from it.

Unlike other common industries , the IT industry is knowledge-based

Efficient utilization of skilled labour forces in the IT sector can help an economy

achieve a rapid pace of economic growth.

The IT industry helps many other sectors in the growth process of the economy

including the services and manufacturing sectors.

Information, technology and the hardware and software associated with the IT

industry, are an integral part of nearly major global industry. The information

technology (IT) industry has become of the most robust industry in the world.

IT more than any other industry or economic facet, has an increased productivity,

particularly in the developed world, and therefore is a key driver of global economic

growth. Economies of scale and insatiable demand from both consumers and

enterprises characterize this rapidly growing sector.

Table No: 2.1 Global IT Players

1 Microsoft

2 Dell

3 Larsen and Toubro

4 Compare Infobase

5 Accenture

6 i-Flex Solutions

7 Cognizant

8 Sapient

9 Mphasis

Source: Secondary Data



Recent Trends in the I.T Industry

In 2010, technologies can provide companies with a competitive advantage in what is

expected to be a very tough on the bottom line of IT budgets, IT management and IT vendor.

However , even in an economic downturn those companies that invest, develop and capitalize

on technologies that save money while improving the efficiency and effectiveness of business

have an opportunity to grab significant market and mind share with new and existing

customers.

Running a business and overseeing IT is a tough task in the best of times. But in todays

environment – with customers and business spending shrinking , budgets declining ,the stock

market sinking , and the pressure to adopt new tools and technologies growing - many

organizations are finding themselves stretched to the limit. As 2010 unfolds, it’s clear that

enterprises with a forward-thinking approach and a solid grasp of technology trends will have

a distinct competitive advantage.

Government initiative in India's domestic IT Market

The Indian government has established a National Taskforce on IT with an aim of

formatting a durable National IT Policy for India.

Endorsement of the IT Act, which offers an authorized structure to assist electronic trade

and electronic operations.

India is now one of the biggest I.T capitals in the modern world. The economic effect of the

technologically inclines services sector in India – accounting for 40 % of the country’s GDP

and 30 % of export earnings as of 2006, while employing only 25 % of its work force – as

summarized by Sharma( 2006).

The share of I.T (Mainly Software) in total exports increased from 1 % in 1990 to 18 % in

2001.

Top 8 I.T Hubs in India



Bangalore : Popularly known as the Silicon Valley of India is currently the leading

location for Information Technology Industry in India.

Chennai : Yet another leading I.T hub in India and is the second largest exporter of

Software.

Hyderabad : This I.T hub has got good infrastructure and very good government support,

It has become an excellent base for technology and related developments in India.

Pune : Pune, a major industrial town, hosts numerous multinational and national

software giants along with BPO and KPO firms. World Class SEZ’s like Hinjawadi IT Park,

& Magarpatta City give Pune a distinct advantage. The city is a major educational hub and

churns out thousands of technocrats every year.

Kolkatta : Kolkatta is slowly becoming a major I.T hub in near future. Some of the well

known technological corporations are situated here.

NCR : The National Capital Region of India comprising New Delhi, Gurgaon,

Faridabad, Noida and Ghaziabad are having ambitious projects and are trying to do every

possible thing for I.T developments.

Mumbai : Popularly known as the commercial entertainment financial capital of India,

this is the one city that has seen tremendous growth in I.T and BPO industry.

Trivandrum : This geographical location which is less than 1.5 % of the country’s total area

is being recognised now as an attractive location for I.T and service industry where incredible

developments are taking place. Within a short span Kerala has come a long way in the I.T

sector starting its development from way side internet cafes to small multimedia companies

to large giants successfully functioning in Technopark, Trivandrum, Infopark, Cochin and

Cyberpark at Kozhikode. The I.T initiatives in Kerala is a window providing a world of

opportunity for professionals , investors, developers, SME’s and service providers. Thus

Kerala is growing fast and is an “Emerging I.T Hotspot”.

Department of I.T – Government of India



Information Technology has made possible information access at gigabit speeds. It has

created a level playing field among nations and has made positive impact on the lives of

millions who are poor, marginalized and living in rural and far flung topographies. Internet

has made revolutionary changes with possibilities of e – filing Income Tax returns or applying

for passports online or railway e-ticketing etc.

Today a country’s I.T potential is paramount for its march towards global competitiveness,

healthy GDP, improving defense capabilities and meeting up the energy and environmental

changes.

The Indian Information Technology – Information Technology Enabled Services ( IT-ITES)

industry has continued to perform its role as the most consistent growth driver for the

economy. Service, Software exports and BPO remain the mainstay of the sector. Over the last

five years, IT & ITES industry has grown at a remarkable pace. The IT/ITES exports have

grown to a staggering US $ 46.3 billion in 2008-2009 employing 2.2 million professionals

directly and another 8 million people indirectly and account for over 5% of GDP. A majority

of the FORTUNE 500 and GLOBAL 2000 Corporations are sourcing IT/ITES from India and

it is the premier destination for the global sourcing of IT/ITES accounting for 55 % of the

global market in Offshore IT services and garnering 35 % of the ITES/BPO sector.

The Indian IT - BPO sector including the domestic and exports segments continue to grow

from strength to strength, witnessing high levels of activity both onshore as well as off shore.

The companies continue to move up the value chain to offer higher end research and analytics

services to their clients. India’s leadership position in the global IT and BPO industries are

based primarily on the following advantages.

India accounts for 28% of I.T & BPO talent among 28 low cost countries. It has a rapidly

growing urban infrastructure fostering several IT centres in the country. Offshore service

centers are spawning in the country due to operational excellence with low delivery cost,

quality leadership and a conducive business environment. Favourable policy interventions,

enabling infrastructure and augmenting a wide skill base from the government has further

enhanced India’s brand image.



The department of I.T is coordinating the strategic activities, promoting skill development

programmes, enhancing infrastructure capabilities and supporting R&D for India’s leadership

position in IT & IT- Enabled Services.



CHAPTER 3

COMPANY PROFILE

COMPANY PROFILE

Centre for Development of Imaging Technology

Center for Development of Imaging Technology (C-DIT) is an organization established in 1988

by the Government of Kerala for advancement of research, development and training in imaging

technology with an implied role in socially relevant science and development communication.

Shri P. Govinda Pillai was the founder director of the centre. C-DIT is currently housed in a 3-

acre campus in the picturesque Chithranjali hills, beside the Kerala State Film Development

Corporation campus, 7 kms from Thiruvananthapuram City and three regional centres-

Kayamkulam, Kannur and Ernakulam.

One of the uniqueness of C-DIT is its rare combination of human resources, a talented pool of

creative personnel co-existing with technological work force. Over the past 15 years of its

existence, C-DIT has taken up many prestigious projects of the Government of Kerala and

completed them successfully.

Vision and Mission

Government of Kerala in the year 1988 established Centre for development of Imaging

Technology (C-DIT) with a vision to ensure advancement of research, development and training

in imaging technology with an implied role in socially relevant science and development

communication. C-DIT is situated near the picturesque campus of Chitranjali Hills, besides the

Kerala State Film Development Corporation Campus.

Over the years C-DIT has evolved into a centre of convergence. Currently the organization is

in a position to offer a plethora of services covering a wide range of information appliances and

deploying all conceivable media formats.



The Mission of C-DIT

The mission of C-DIT is clearly stated in its mission statement. The mission statement is very

clearly on why C-DIT exists and what for it stands. The organization has successfully lived the

mission that it put down for itself. The successful history of C-DIT is the best testimonial for it.

Though hard to live up to such a mission, the organization through it commitment and hard work

has shown that this is attainable.

The Mission Statement

“To become the leading service provider and product innovator in new media information

technology systems, tools, application and content development with thrust on deployment of

sustainable and appropriate imaging and imaging technology for science and development

communication.”

The mission statement of C-DIT has been a guiding light in the successful history of the

organization.

The organization has always stood by the guidelines that the mission statement provides. It

always has gathered strength from the motivation the statement offered.

QUALITY POLICY

Quality in services and products offered by C-DIT is achieved and sustained when each

concerned employee: scientifically approaches, continuously strive to achieve customer

satisfaction and establish a C-DIT brand image.

THEMES

The focus of C-DIT is based on certain themes in line with the changes in the realms of science,

technology and the society at large.

Cultural customization

Ensuring visual, audio and linguistic localization of information technology systems.

Malayalam as administrative language.

To evolve technology support for ensuring use of Malayalam as administrative language.

Digital heritage archiving.



To develop and popularize tools and processes for archiving heritage information.

IT for the disabled.

To evolve strategies to ensure that the disabled are not left out of the benefits of cyber

revolution.

Freedom in software.

To promote the technical, ethical and economical advantages of free software.

Media convergence.

To promote the seamless integration of different media formats, technologies and their

delivery.

Edutainment.

To realize convergence of library, laboratory and playground through possibilities of the new

media.

Techno creativity.

To explore creative avenues in technological advancement.

MANAGING TEAM

C-DIT is currently under the chairmanship of Shri. Ommen Chandy, Hon”ble Chief Minister of

Kerala. Dr. Rathan U Khelkar IAS is the director and Shri Pranabjyothi Nath, IAS is the

registrar. C-DIT has an executive committee with representatives from Government Department

along with a Governing Body.

GOVERNING BODY

1. Hon.Chief Minister of Kerala Chairman

2. Principal Secretary to Government Vice-Chairman

3. Secretary to Government, Finance department Member

4. Secretary, Information Technology Department Member

5. Director, Information & Public Relations Department Member

5. Director , C-DIT Member

6. Registrar, C DIT Member

LINKAGES/CLIENTELE



C-DIT commands linkages and networks with several institutions and bodies of repute including

Prasar Bharathi Corporation, New Delhi

National Council for Science and Technology Corporation, New Delhi

University of Kerala

Kerala Agricultural University

Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kerala

Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala

Calicut University, Kerala

Kannur University, Kerala

Bharathidasan University, Tamil Nadu

Kerala State IT Mission

SCERT, Kerala

IT @ School, Kerala

SC/ST Department, Government of Kerala

Kerala Bhasha Institute, Kerala

Major Projects

C-DIT Job Portal – www.careerskerala.gov.in

FRIENDS counter at all the 14 district head quarters

Hologram secured certificates for universities

Hologram for Kerala State Beverages Corporation

Computerisation of various organization/ Departments under government of Kerala,

Universities etc

Web portal development and maintenance for government departments

Malayalam font development and linguistic computing consultancy

Interactive educational CD’s for IT at school project

R&D work for state and Central Governments

Interactive e-learning content delivery to AKSHAYA project, Government of Kerala

‘Sastra Kauthukam’ & ‘Padanan Kauthukam’ educational video series

Digital Heritage Archiving Centre for University of Kerala

Music rich website on ‘Swathi Thirunal’

‘E-adharam’ project for the Registration Department, Government of Kerala

Projects for the National Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, Bangalore


http://www.careerskerala.gov.in/


LIAS (Library Digitalisation and Archiving Software) for the library digitalisation of

Kerala University Library

CLiCK- The first major initiative of the computational linguistics team, the CLiCK project

(Centre for Linguistic Computing, Keralam) is funded and catalyzed by the State IT

mission. The project aims to consolidate and coordinate the efforts at integrating

Malayalam with IT.

Standardization of keyboard, production of Unicode supported Malayalam fonts, evolving

a corpora of Malayalam are the major projects. Training and workshops on Malayalam

computing are also a part of the project.

FRIENDS- A project that has brought laurels to the Team, FRIENDS has completed four

years of successful operations. The fact that FRIENDS has been lapped up by the using

public is demonstrated by its growing acceptance as a single window facility for multiple

payments and also in replication in all the districts if the state. C-DIT has been providing

software and hardware support for the project without the involvement of any external

agency. The front-end computerization mechanism of FRIENDS took shape long before

the conception of the idea of back end computerization. The dynamic nature of software

used, responsive adoption of changes and realization of the fallibility of technology are

the highlights if this project run by the Kerala State IT Mission. In view of its importance

in collecting revenue for the government and acceptance received from the public, the

government has declared the FRIENDS software as protected system and only C-DIT is

authorized to access and modify the software.

www.entemalayalam.org- Designed and maintained for NoRKA, Government of Kerala,

this website provides a comprehensive facility for online Malayalam learning. Users have

the opportunity to use and test their language skills.

www.clickkeralam.org- The website www.clickkeralam.org recounts the information and

tools related to CLiCK, a joint project of Kerala IT Mission, C-DIT and Department of

Linguistics, University of Kerala aims at cultural customization of IT and the promotion

of the vernacular language using IT etc.

Others


http://www.entemalayalam.org-

http://www.clickkeralam.org-

http://www.clickkeralam.org/


Security Holograms- Security holograms to establish product identify and to prevent

duplication and counterfeiting with customizable graphics and option for delivery on bar-

coded security label.

Certificate- Hologram affixed secure secure documents, useful for universities and similar

agencies, with not only high security hologram features but also hundred other fixed and

variable security features for enhanced for enhanced security.

Hologram hobby kit- This all-inclusive kit, developed in-house, all the requisites to enable

first-time users and non-exports to record holograms, etc.

Purchasable FINISHED PRODUCTS (CD-ROM)

IT resources CD for 8th standard (for Malayalam medium, all subjects)

Chitraramayanam (Ramayana pictures on palm leaves)

Chitrakkukukka (CD Vol. 1,2&3 (Ethnic CD on Kerala, rich collection of high resolution

images & sounds)

Akshaya IT Literacy CDs (for Kerala IT Mission)

75 years of Malayalam Cinema (Kerala Chalachitra Academy)

Green Citadel (interactive CD on Bio-Diversity of Kerala)

‘Saraswathi Kanthabharna’ (e-book on sanskrit Grammer)

‘Nammude Malayalam’ Interactive CD (based on the syllabus of 8th, 9th & 10th standard)

‘Aksharamala’ fonts CD (25 Malayalam fonts)

‘Padana Kauthukam’ (e-books)

OTHERS PRODUCTS

High security Holograms

Video footages

Holographic hobby and educational kits

Virtual Electrical Engineering Laboratory Software- Targeted at engineering college

students, Virtual Electrical Engineering Lab Vol.1 delivers with a stunning punch

simulated laboratory conditions for out experiments in electrical machinery with audio

effects (Rs.19,500/-)



Aksharamaala- Aksharamala, incorporating 25 Malayalam fonts including 5 web fonts, is

the first joint venture of C-DIT and C-DAC. A Malayalam Editors using this is under

development. (Rs.2500/-)

Green Citadel- A visual treat, the Green Citadel CD produced for the Department of Forest,

Government of Kerala has splendidly captured the diverse and rich forest wealth of Kerala

employing interactive multimedia tools. (Rs.1500/-)

IT resource CD for 8th standard- Product for IT at school project, this multimedia CD has

become the benchmark of e-learning for school education, splashing video, animations,

games, songs and much more to make learning joyous. (Rs 300/-)

Chitrakkudukka- Showcasing ethnicity, the first volume of chithrakkudukka CD has over

2500 images with audio visual effects leaving behind a lingering feel of Kerala at its

natural best. (Rs 250/- for individuals, special price for schools, government organizations

etc.) (3 volumes available)

75 years of Malayalam cinema- Produced for Kerala Chalachithra Academy to

commemorate 75 years of malayalam cinema,this CD is a complete fact file including

details of its history, landmark moments and profiles of cast and crew. (Rs 500/-)

Chitrakkudukka Linux Version(Ethnic Clip art CD on kerala)- Features :

1) 2500 High Resolution Images in JPEG format

2) 55 sound clips in OGG format

3) Designed for use in Kairali Linux 1.0 / Redhat Linux 9 / Fedora Core 9 / Fedora

Core 2. (Rs 150/-)

To obtain CD-ROMs by post/courier and a demand draft worth Rs 130/- in favour

of registrar C-DIT payable at Thiruvananthapuram.

Swathantryam thane Amritham (Video)- Lecture on Free Software by Dr. Achuthsankar

S. Nair. The CD covers the benefits of free software in simple and lucid Malayalam.

(Price Rs 50/-)

PATANA KAUTUKAM- Multimedia CD based on science subjects for school students.

Video production, Non-linear editing, digital audio processing, 2D and 3D animation for

ads.

Technical support and consultancy in Hologram, Turnkey project support in hologram,

Holographic NDT, Advanced security imaging and Automation.

Total IT solution provider- System study, Software development, free software

consultancy, heritage, archiving, training and project management.



Linguistic computing solutions, font development

Web designing & hosting, etc.

Getting Ready for a Quantum Leap

As the preparations for celebrations of its 20th birthday are on, C-DIT is getting ready for a

quantum leap- not only in terms of business and turnover, but also in terms of diversification and

quality up-gradation. C-DIT had revitalized and Research and Development wing with all

infrastructure facilities. It will function as a backbone of all the activities of C-DIT- from

inventions and innovations to development and diversification. Activities of visual

communication was restructured with additional terms such as video documentary,

advertisement film production, Sutharya Keralam, New clippings and New Media animation.

All the teams in C-DIT are all geared to meet the challenging target of forty core turnover in the

current financial year. C-DIT has taken wide variety if projects ranging from finishing school to

security printing. This include imaging technology, e-governance, information technology,

hologram production computational linguistics, educational informatics, software development,

open and free software propagation, digitalization of print, new communication technology

courses etc. C-DIT is the authorized content provider to Government of India portal. C-DIT has

been assigned the responsibility of designing and maintaining websites for all the ministers of

Kerala.

New Projects in C-DIT

Kannur University Computerization

‘Kannur University Computerization’ is significant project implemented by the Open Source

Technology Team (OST) of Centre for Development of Imaging Technology (C-DIT) on FOSS

platform.

The project encompasses the development of softwares of ‘Examination Section’ of professional

and post-graduate courses of Kannur University. It involves the following tasks: Student

Examination Registration, Hall Ticket Generation, Preparation of Tabulation Register, Mark List

Generation along with various Reports associated with each task. The software is developed

based upon the Scanner procured by the University. The Scanner scans the Examination

Application Form and feed the data to the database of the software. The Examination Software



takes these data and performs various processes. The use of scanner for examination purpose has

ignited self-assertive changes to the entire examination pattern. These include the use of a

common examination application form irrespective of course, college and semester/year. The

Scanner based upon the ICR technique would be fed with the examination application form and

the scanner would decipher the data on the application form and export them to a temporary

database. Since the scanner is based upon the ICR technique, for reducing errors and to simplify

the validation procedures, a set of codes were developed to be used with the examination

software in conjunction with the scanner and the common application form.

Once the scanned data reaches the temporary database, these data would be exported to the

database used by the software. The accuracy of the software therefore relies to an extent on the

accuracy of the data entered to the database.

The development of codes to be used in the application form was by far the most cumbersome

process during the initial stages of the software development. The project team along with the

University officials discussed and finalized a set of codes that would be applied to classify and

identify various courses, colleges, papers and students. This was then approved from the

University; along with this codes a new application form was to be designed which can be used

for all university examination. Since the university does not collect student information from the

college prior to the examination, the examination application was therefore designed to serve.

ORUMA - Free software based billing application of KSEB

Kerala State Electricity Board (KSEB) becomes a model for the whole country –C-DIT develops

a novel billing solution using Free Software - 'Oruma', instead of monopoly software. It came as

the culmination of the vision to liberate Government organizations like K.S.E.B from the

clutches of Digital Rights Management (DRM) - enabled products. This is also a turning point at

application level in the information technology sector in the State.

The Board will have an initial saving of Rs. 4 crores by switching over to the new programme.

The recurring expenses of several cores can be saved besides. However, the greatest

achievement will be that KSEB will not be forced to stand at the behest of Microsoft. The

‘Oruma’ Software will increase efficiency in the functioning of the State Electricity Board. This

programme will help to prepare bills, register service connections, keep accounts and maintain

all relevant data about consumers, etc. The programme also has space for developing facilities



for payment of electricity charges through internet, registering complaints, etc in the near future.

In short what K.S.E.B has achieved through Oruma programme is a silent revolution in the

administration of KSEB.

Growth of C-DIT

Figure No: 3.1 Growth of C-DIT

2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-0802468

101214161820

Rs

in c

rore


C-DIT targeted to implement projects to around 26 crores in the financial year 2007-08 and

achieved 88% of the same. The total receipt was Rs. 19.00 crores.

In addition to the large number of ongoing schemes, C-DIT implemented a number of innovative

projects for various clients in Kerala. Some of them are: installation of Digital imaging printing

system in all the 308 Sub-registrar offices in Kerala, re-introducing the CM’s interaction

programme “Sutharya Keralam” with new perspective and vision, redesigning and content

enrichment of the website of Chief Minister, new website for 50 th anniversary of First elected

government in Kerala, e-gazette, producing 41 crores o hologram labels for KSBC, security

certificates for vC:\WINDOWS\hinhem.scrarious Universities in Kerala, Akshaya e-pay scheme

for eight districts, extending computer education through 208 CEP centres, implementing

various media courses, Cybersri IT finishing school for SC/ST Digitalization of Kirthads and

Sahithya Academy library and regional language (Malayalam) promotional products.



The success in the financial year 2007-08 acted as morale booster in fixing an ambitious target

of Rs. 40 crores in2008-09. Out of this, nearly 22 crores of project works are already sanctioned

by the end of September 2008. Some of the ongoing and proposed programmes are: Finishing

school in free and open software, starting new media courses like PG Diploma course in

television and new media journalism, e-learning, certificate courses in Television Anchoring and

News Presentation, Video Camera, Photo Journalism and Radio Production; computer training

for M.Ed and B.Ed SC/ST, starting a placement a cell, e-commerce project, Biometric solution

for identifying the beneficiaries for Kudumba sree programmes, Kerala University Library

Digitalisation, new version of Ente Malayalam site for NORKA, Developing inscript keyboard

of Malayalam Unicode fonts, implementation of high end technical training programmes through

continuing education cell of polytechnic colleges.

Organizational Structure

Organization structure is the systematic arrangement of the people working for the

organization to achieve predefined goals. The structure has two dimensions –

horizontal and vertical. The horizontal dimension indicates the departments and

vertical dimension indicate hierarchy.

An organizational structure consists of activities such as task allocation,

coordination and supervision, which are directed towards the achievement of

organizational aims. It can also be considered as the viewing glass or perspective

through which individuals see their organization and its environment.

An organization can be structured in many different ways, depending on their

objectives. The structure of an organization will determine the modes in which it

operates and performs.

Organizational structure allows the expressed allocation of responsibilities for

different functions and processes to different entities such as

the branch, department, workgroup and individual.

Organizational structure affects organizational action in two big ways. First, it provides

the foundation on which standard operating procedures and routines rest. Second, it

determines which individuals get to participate in which decision-making processes, and

thus to what extent their views shape the organization’s actions.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Employee

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_group

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departmentalization

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branch_(banking)


Figure No: 3.2 Organization Structure

Source: Secondary data

CHAPTER 4

DEPARTMENTAL ANALYSIS

DEPARTMENTAL PROFILE



A department is a work group committed together for performing certain functions of

similar nature. The process of division of the enterprise into different parts is broadly called

Departmentation or departmentalization. The various parts or divisions go by the name of

departments. Departmentation leads to grouping of both functions and personnel who are

assigned to carry out allocated functions.

The impact of Departmentisation is a delineation of executive responsibilities and a

grouping operating activities. Every level in the hierarchy below the apex is departmentalized

and each succeeding lower level involves further departmental differentiation. The chief

executive groups activities into major divisions such as production, marketing, finance etc.

Senior executives who report directly to the chief executive administer these divisions. The

senior executive further assigns duties to their juniors.

C-DIT has 14 teams working under four divisions

I. INFORMATION SYSTEMS DIVISION;

1) Web Services Team

Over the years, the Web Services Team (WST) had leveraged as the best technology expertise to

implement almost all web-solution applications with web designing, hosting, domain registration

and web-development. Its origin dates back to 1997 with a team of highly qualified professionals

who could combine their extensive technology with sufficient knowledge, creativity and

technical expertise. Vision of this team is to combine inspired design with powerful applications

and excellent online content and/thereby fulfilling the task of e-governance using web services.

The ‘User Centered’ approaches to design and human reliability in administration facilities the

team to mark its significant presence in the seemingly infinite cyber space. Over the decades, the

team has designed and hosted more than 316 web sites for Government of India, Government of

Kerala, autonomous bodies and other institutions including the official web portal of

Government of Kerala. With its stupendous social commitment of high standards the team

earned the cover title – ‘Total Web Solution Provider’ for designing and maintaining web sites

under Government of Kerala. Moreover, the team has been chosen as the ‘Content Service

Provider (CSP)’ to the National Web Portal of India. Recently the team stepped into the most



popular Open Source Content Management Framework for building websites that has a plethora

of features. The noteworthy achievements of this team is that it has touched the nooks and

corners of information dissemination by designing and maintaining more than 316 websites on

manifold topics with regular updation. Accomplishment of WST include-first total web solution

provider under Government of Kerala, Earmarked the beginning of an interface between

Government to Citizen (G2C) through e-governance projects, official web portal of Government

of Kerala incorporating over 20,000 web pages, Designed and maintained websites for all

ministers of Kerala, etc. Services include complete solution provider for website Development,

Domain Name Registration & Renewal, Web Designing, Web Programming etc.

Figure No: 4.1

Structure of Web Services Team


Team Leader



2) Open Source Technology Team

Open Source Technology Team (OST) @ Centre for Development of Imaging Technology (C-

DIT) has been the forerunner in the propagation of Free and Open Source Technology in the

State. It is the only dedicated state government

Department, which promotes the use of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) technology

solutions since 2002. The team imparts an open source culture in decision-making, allowing

concurrent inputs of different agendas, approaches and priorities and thus forms on inevitable

entity in software development concerns of the state thereby the overall development of the

region. Exploiting the complete advantage of FOSS, the team gives industry standard training,

software development and networking solutions in Linux. The major products of the team

includes software Linux Version of “ Webdarshini”, Kairali Linux, Linux Version of Akshaya

CD and Malayalam book on Free Software. The sufficient projects implemented by the team on


Programmer

Web Developer

Web Designer

Server Administrator

Trainer


FOSS platform over the years are- Kannur University Computerisation, Sutharya Keralam, etc.

the various training programmes organized by the team are;

Awareness general program on Linux Desktop: The one-day workshop of migrating from

Windows to Linux was a great success with more than 1000 participants throughout

Kerala. In addition special batches were arranged for Government Employees and

Students.

Advanced training on system administration and Networking in Linux: An one week

course aimed to give advanced hands on training in Linux. Five batches comprising 50

participants each had successfully completed this programme.

Training to officials of Government Department: The team had given awareness training

in FOSS to the officials of various Government Department such as Scheduled Tribe

Development Department, Directorate of Technical education of Government of Kerala.

Figure No:4.2

Structure of Open Source Technology Team

Institute of Management in Kerala, Adoor Team Leader



3) Software Engineering Team

Software Engineering Team plays a vital role in C-DIT’s capacity role as a Total Solution

Provider to the Government of Kerala. SET is well known for its e-governance and digitalization

related projects and initiatives. Most of its projects have helped the state Government and public

in simplifying many public facilities. SET has served a major role in state wide promotion and

implementation o various IT schemes for the Government of Kerala. The major functional areas

of SET include complete office automation, web enabled office applications, digitalisation of

documents, digital heritage archiving, It enabled services and corporate training. The team has a

bunch of highly skilled programmers/developers with interface to work on vibrant areas of

software development using Java, C++, VB, VC, asp.net, Java Script, PHP, etc.

Figure No: 4.3

Structure of Software Engineering Team


Project Coordinator

Server Administrator

Programmer

Developer

Team Leader



II. TECHNICAL EXTENSION AND IMAGE PROCESSING DIVISION;

4) Optical Image Processing Team

C-DIT is the only one public sector security hologram production center in the country, having a

total in-house R&D production capability with international standards. Optical techniques are

being increasingly applied in advanced information technology due to its inherent speed and

potential for high-density information storage. Optical fibers, photonic chips, flat panel displays,

and optical fiber based active components, optical variable devices etc. are a few examples in

this regard. New development in areas such as optical computing, optical storage and integrated

optics are going to redefine the present standards of data processing and storage. Hologram plays

an important part in most of these areas. OIP division at present has several ongoing commercial

projects. Some of them are Development and Supply of Hologram integrates high security

certificates for the Universities in Kerala, National University for Advanced Legal studies,

Directorate of Medical Education (Paramedical Council) and Technical Education, etc. Asianet,

BSNL, NCPT, IBNU, NTTF, PBOA, BSS, national Hospitals, Western Hospitals, Koyas

Hospitals, Calicut Hospital and Nursing Home, etc are a few from private sector who enjoys the

team’s service. Products include High Security Holograms, Bar-Coded/Security printed


Project Leaders

Programmers

Employees


Holographic Labels, Hologram Origination Systems, Core Security Documents, e-cards, coated

optics, Holographic Hobby and Educational kits, Display Holograms, Holographic High Security

Number Plates, etc. Services include technical support & consultancy in Holography and

Security Document, product research and development, Biometric Based e-Security Networking,

etc.

Figure No: 4.4

Structure of Optical Image Processing Team


5) Technology Extension Team (TET) - C-DIT understands the necessity of extending technology

to tap the vast human resource of the state and help them translate their potential to bring about

larger benefits for the state. The Technology Extension Team provides avenues to meet his

requirement of the young populance in the state. Offering a rich amount of courses through the

C-DIT Educational Partners (CEPs) spread across all the districts of one o the major functional

areas of this team. With the CEPs numbering about 300, C-DIT holds the record of having the

largest number of educational partners under any similar Government Institution in the state.

Apart from conducting and administering as many as 18 IT courses, the Team prepares quality

course material required thereof. Industrial Automation and Net Work Engineering courses are


Director

Employees

Team Leader

Registrar


the new areas, which offered through the Resolute Education Campus equipped with state of the

art facilities. The TET is also entrusted with the corporate training ventures for the specific target

groups with the financial assistance of Government of India and other State Government

Departments. The job portal under TET facilitate for the easy access of the job opportunities in

the IT Sector.

Figure No: 4.5

Structure of Technology Extension Team


6) Communication Training Team(CTT)

Training talents in professionals production environment and a curriculum benchmarked with the

district standards of the industry are the hallmark of the various academic programmes directly

conducted by Communication Training Team (CTT) of C-DIT. The academic programmes are


Course Coordinator

Chief Coordinator

Program Coordinator

Employees


facilitated by working professionals in the industry and enriched by a practice oriented course

work. The CTT came into being in 1996 with the launch of a one year Postgraduate Diploma

Programme in Science and Development Communication (DSDC). Major activities include

training talents in professional production environment and a curriculum benchmarked with the

current standards of the industry are the hallmark of the various academic programmes directly

conducted by Communication Training Team (CTT) of C-DIT. Services include offering

postgraduate Diploma Courses, diploma courses and certificate courses and off-campus centers.

Figure No: 4.6

Structure of Communication Training Team


III. E-GOVERNANCE AND RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT DIVISION;

7) E-Governance Team


Course Coordinator

Chief Coordinator

Program Coordinator

Employees


The E-governance team under the Information Systems Division was set up in 2000, aiming to

provide support for any initiative by the government to simplify and expedite the process of

governance by infusing Information/Communication Technology. The activities of this team

include Software Design and Development, Computerization of Government Departments, IT

related services, system administration, etc. Major projects include FRIENDS project (TSP),

Akshaya e-pay project (TSP), Video Conferencing-AMC project (maintenance and management

of VC equipments and sessions Kerala, Motor Transport Workers Welfare Fund Board

Computerization, Social Security Mission Computerization, etc.)

Figure No: 4.7

Structure of E-Governance


8) Research and Development Team

Research and Development team Co-ordinates all research activities undertaken in various teams

of C-DIT and document all R&D projects. Thereby it comes in tune with the stated objectives of

the institution. It also aims to advance knowledge in the socially relevant areas and technology


Director

Registrar

Team Leader

Coordinator

Employees


uses through research and dissemination. With full-fledged team of scholars engaged in research,

training and dissemination of knowledge the team identifies research areas and funding agencies

to undertake research studies of its own. R&D team equipped with advanced research labs in

Photo-Electronics/optical imaging, Software Engineering, Digital Imaging and Sound

Recording. As C-DIT was recognized as a Centre for Research by University of Kerala and

Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, this team facilitates guidance for

research scholars registered for Ph.D to carry out research on the subject approved by the

University. It also provides assistance to Engineering and Management students for their

academic projects. Key research Areas-Optoelectronics. Computer Engineering, Electronics and

Instrumentation, Electronics and Communication, Biomedical Engineering, Digital Image &

Signal Processing, etc.

Research is an ongoing process. For the development of any organization, research is a prime

factor. So in any reputed organization, there is a special wing for research and development. C-

DIT also has a well-equipped and efficient R & D team concerned with quality control and

Technical services, Research and pilot plant respectively. The team was concerned with the

research or study of new processes or techniques for the company. By the findings of these

teams, the company was able to find long-term solution to certain problems of process and

quality.

Figure No: 4.8

Structure of Research and Development Team


Director



The main objectives of research and development team are

Render in process, stage wise testing and trouble-shooting service acting as a

necessary adjunct to production.

Undertake development projects both for process and product improvement and

diversification to help General Manager and advice management on new process,

products and projects.

Identifying the changing needs of customers through regular interactions.

Maintaining quality at incoming in process and final product stages.

Implementing and maintaining a quality management system.

Functions of Research and development team

Studying the variance.

Finding the process parameters like electricity revelation per minute (rpm).

To improve the quality as well as quantity of products.

Monitoring the plant performance.

Monitoring the pollution.

Maintaining quality at all stages of products.

Providing service to customers.

Taking samples at various stages starting from raw material till the product.


Registrar

Team Leader

Employees


Analyzing the samples, finding the variance in production.

9) Computational Linguistic Team

The Computational Linguistic Team was constituted in C-DIT with the aim to the function as the

Malayalam computing solutions provider to the government of Kerala and various other

agencies in Kerala. The main objective of the team is to integrate Malayalam with information

and communication technologies. The central motto of the team is to globalizing Malayalam

through language technology for the benefit of the local users. At the product level, the idea is to

produce linguistical and cultural customized software. The main areas of operations of the team

are research. Development, production publication, training, consultancy and service in

Malayalam language computing. Major projects are Aksharamaala CD, Bharanamalayalam,

‘Nila’ official Malayalam software, ‘Kaveri’ free Malayalam software, ‘Arogyasree’ Malayalam

type writing software, Periyar Malayalam community software (ongoing). Service include

development of websites like www.clickkerala.org, www.entemalayalam.org, etc. other

activities include taking classes for Government employees on Malayalam software & Linguistic

computing and Institute for Management in Government, participation in campaign program for

promotion of Malayalam computing among the populace, etc.

Figure No: 4.9

Structure of Computational Linguistic Team


Team Leader

http://www.entemalayalam.org/

http://www.clickkerala.org/



IV. VISUAL COMMUNICATION DIVISION

10) Advertisement Film Team

Advertisement film team is a newly constituted team of C-DIT engaged in advertisement

activities of various Government and Non-Government organizations. This teams work in areas

of advertisement films and video campaigns.

The major clients of these teams are

1) Kerala state financial enterprises

2) Kerala state lotteries department

3) National rural health mission

4) Animal husbandry department

5) Ground water department

6) NORKA

7) Suchithwa Mission

Figure No: 4.10

Structure of Advertisement Film Team


Programmers

Linguists

Consultants



11) Video Documentary Team

The Video Documentary Team is entrusted to produce various video documentary and other

agencies to encapsulate various social and development issues of the society. The video

produced at C-DIT in the genre of documentary have consistency reflected the changes in the

society sphere in Kerala and this videos have also being the vanguard in the journey of C-DIT

for the last 20 years. Since 1989, when the video production facilitate was commissioned, C-DIT

was produced more than 750 videos in documentary format in the areas of science, development,

education and environment. The documentary produced by the C-DIT have been a strength of

support to many development endeavors of Kerala viz, the people plan Campaign the initial of


Team Leader

Team Coordinator/Editor

Cameraman

Accountant

Production Assistant

Asst. Cameraman


DPP in schools of Kerala. The modernizing Government program etc. These documentaries have

been acclaimed by critiques as well as the general audience and have been acclaimed in National

as well as the International festivals. Some of the major projects completed by the team are the

Weeping Rice Bowl, the declining birth rate, seeds of Malabar, etc.

Figure No: 4.11

Structure of Video Documentary Team


12) Sutharykeralam and news services team

Sutharykeralam, one of the prestigious program of the government is aimed at Home Chief

Minister Public Grievance Redressal, there are two components to the programme, one is the

software enabled grievances redressal process at the second major part is the home chief minister


Team Leader

Content Writer

Web Developer

Cameraman


interactive programme through the broadcast made. Grievances submitted at the Home Chief

Minister cell are selected based on the importance and urgency of the grievance by the

information and the public relations department. The grievances are presented before the home

Chief Minister in the weekly section through video or audio conferencing. Home Chief Minister

responds to the grievances by giving directions to the concerned officer for prompt action. In the

subsequent episodes, the action taken on redressing the grievances aired. The Government to

citizen initiative of the LDF Government has been successful. Besides this, the programme also

carries stories about the achievement of the government and important policies directions. The

programme is telecast through Doordarshan on all Sundays between 7:15pm to 8pm, repeat

telecast on Monday 8pm. The radio programme is telecast throughout Kerala in air on all

Sundays at 8:30am. Information and public relations Department of Kerala as entrusted the C-

DIT to cover the important events/functions/meetings of the government and also cover the press

meetings organized by the important government functionaries and releasing the same to various

TV channels. Two new projects are- Navakeralam and Current Affairs Programme.

Figure No: 4.12

Structure of SutharyaKeralam and News Services Team




13) Educational Informatics and New Media Team

This team focuses in the art and sciences of comprehensive application if IT to all facets of

education aiming at providing new educational experience through multimedia and active

content. The team has succeeded in bringing out e-Learning software, e-books and other

innovative products in a short span of time. The e-Learning software is noted for their new

multimedia leaning experiences. The team has ventured into digitalization of documents for

various Government departments.

Team has already produced a number of highly acclaimed interactive CD-ROMs such as the

companion CD for 8th standard students and e-learning software packages for Akshaya. It has

also produced dozens of short animation films and a full length animation film ‘on fish and

tales’. The team has also developed its capability in interactive 3D gaming

programming.Various other projects and products are IT Resources CD for 8th standard (used in

2500schools), e-Books for Kerala University (Saraswathi Kantabharna, Chithra Ramayanam

etc), Chithrakudukka- ethnic Kerala Clip Art CD.


Asst. Cameraman

System Administrator

Editor

Cameraman

Team Leader


Figure No: 4.13

Structure of Educational Informatics and New Media Team


14) Cybersri

Cybersri is a project set up by Department of SC/ST Development, Government of Kerala for

providing advanced IT training and industry incubation centre for SC/ST students in Kerala. The

centre was set up in C-DIT premises and started functioning since 2003. The centre has

successfully completed 2 batches of advanced IT training for B.Tech/MCA/M.Sc Computer

Science, candidates among SC/ST categories. The centre also ensures placements for these

trained technical persons. In addition to this the centre initiated the training programme such as

3D animation , digital still, photography, advanced computer training for M.ed/B.ed degree

holders, software training for B.Tech, M.Sc computer science, MCA Degree holders. The

students are selected for entrance examination and interview. This team not only provides

training but also give those students a certain amount of stipend. Cybersri is now planning to

introduce two new training programs-MATLAB and embedded system for B.Tech students.


Team Leader

Coordinator

Programmer

Graphic Designer


Figure No: 4.14

Structure of Cybersri


In addition to the above divisions, C-DIT has;

PURCHASE & STORE DEPARTMENT

This department is headed by the asst. purchase manager. This department purchases the

necessary items required by all departments. For acquiring small items, the department will have

to specify the required items in the purchase requisition form, and for acquiring large items the

departments will have to make an internal note. The purchase will have to Rs 500,000 require

the approval or Registrar, whereas purchases which have an amount greater than Rs 500,000 will

require the approval of Director. Purchases of necessary items are done through inviting tenders.

The mode of purchase is classified into three;

1. Limited tender


Coordinators

Project Manager

Executive Officer

Employees


This includes inviting tenders for purchase upto Rs. 100,000. This involves collecting tenders

and purchase of items from known suppliers.

2. Public tender

Purchases which will result in an amount greater than Rs 100,000 are done through public

tender. Tenders are usually invited through advertisements in newspapers.

3. Single Tender

This type of tender is usually done for purchase of proprietary items. The consumable items are

purchased through local purchase; purchase order is issued only after making proper enquiry and

discussions in the technical committee.

Major suppliers are ETL Trivandrum, Hykon India Pvt Ltd Trivandrum, etc. The functions of the

staff in the stores includes; preparing the payment advice note, verifying the stock register of all

the teas, printing almost all the forms that are required for the office purpose etc.

The store section has a receipt wing where the main items arrive at first and it is from here that

they are allocated to the sub stores and then to the various places according to the respective

requirements. A material transfer note is prepared according to the invoice and based on the note

the procured materials are dispersed to the centres all. This is done on the basis of orders placed

by them.

PROCEDURE OF PLACING PURCHASE ORDER

The company invites quotation received from different suppliers. Based on these an appropriate

supplier is selected and places orders with them. To ensure the quality of the product, the

company checks the quality of the product.

The received goods are kept in the stores. The supervisor in charge of production is the person to

supply the materials on the basis of demand to the production department.

Figure No: 4.15

Structure of Purchase and Store Department


Director



OBJECTIVES OF PURCHASE AND STORE DEPARTMENT

To make continuous availability of materials so that there may be uninterrupted

flow of materials for production.

To make purchase competitively and wisely at the most economical prices

To make purchase in reasonable quantities to keep investment in materials at

minimum.

To purchase proper quality of materials to have minimum possible wastage of

material & loss in production.

To develop good supplier relationship which will ensure the best terms of supply of

materials.

FUNCTIONS OF PURCHASE AND STORE DEPARTMENT

1. What to purchase?

2. When to purchase?

3. Where to purchase?

4. How much to purchase?

5. At what price to purchase?

To perform these functions effectively, purchase department follows the following procedure


Registrar

Asst. Purchase Manager

Staff in the Store


Exploring the sources of supply and choosing the supplier

Preparation and execution of purchase order

Receiving and inspecting material

Checking and passing of bills for payment

ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT

Headed by the Administrative Officer, this division lends support to all Teams in matters such as

project monitoring, purchase, accounting, manpower recruitment, project proposal preparation,

human resource welfare and employee amenity activities. Civil, Electrical and Computer

maintenance works are being monitored by this division.

The functions of administrative department includes;-

1) General as well as personnel administration.

2) Administrative functions, includes attendance monitoring, recording and controlling

absenteeism etc.

3) Other functions like providing canteen services, ESI, Provident fund, accident benefits.

4) Keeping and maintaining confidential report of each employee for the purposes like

promotion, fringe benefits, training etc.

5) Maintaining the relationship with workers and organization.

6) To provide sufficient and adequate training to employees when any technological changes

are introduced.

Employee profile

Table-4.1 Employee profile



Category Number of employees

Permanent employees 328

Deputation 6

Contract 75

Temporary and casual 25

Source: Secondary Source

Employee profile graph

Figure No: 4.16 Graph of Employee profile

permanent eployeesDeputationContractTemporary and casual

Employee Compensation Structure

1) Basic salary.

2) Dearness allowances.



3) Home rent allowances.

4) City compensation allowances.

5) Special allowances.

Recruitment, selection, placement, Induction, Training, Promotion, Retirement time, Leave,

Security, Safety, Wage, Salary and Administration etc… All comes under Administrative

department.

This department’s function is to handle organization, master planning, financial

review, land acquisition, site accessibility/use, easement standards and outreach and other

public concerns. It promote a work environment that is characterized by fair treatment of staff

and volunteers, open communication, personal accountability, trust and mutual respect.

Figure No: 4.17

Structure of Administration Department


The major functions are:


Chairman

Director

Registrar

Administrative officer

Asst. Manager Administration


Recruitment

Recruitment is the process of searching from prospective employees and stimulating and also

encouraging them to applying for the jobs in an organization. C-DIT recruits right person in

the right jobs at the right time. Recruitment is done through Employment Exchange under

direct recruitment for contract and daily wages jobs and through Public Service Commission

for permanent employees.

Selection

It is the process of selecting from among the candidate from within the organization or from

the outside the most suitable person for the current position or for the future position. This is

done by accelerating the qualifications of the candidate with the job recruitment.

The employment comprise of the following categories:

Permanent employees

Labours

Contract employees

Apprentices

Employees are recruited through:

The Kerala state public service commissions

Deputation from other departments

Direct recruitment by the board

On contract basis

The main sources of recruitment and selection of the employees in the

organization is Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC). The present employees strength is

434 (including both permanent and casual workers). At present C-DIT have 328 permanent

workers, 6 deputations and 75 on contract labour.

Placement

Placement is assigned to give the appropriate job to the candidate in the organization. After

joining the candidates must fill a Bio-Data from in his or her own handwriting. The time

keeper will collect the required data relating to the person on the data of joining and keep it on

the service record of the person.



Induction

Induction is the technique by which a new employee is rehabitated in to the changed

surroundings and introduced to the Practices Policy and the purpose of the organization.

Induction programme is made to introduce the working conditions, the rules, regulations,

standing order and the procedure in the organization.

Training

The existence and success of any organization depends on the human resources in the

organization. The main objective of the administrative department is to put the “Right person”

at the Right job”. This will be achieved through proper training and development. Training

functions are performed by the personnel department. The workers are given effective training

in the organization.

Promotion

Promotion is based on Merit-cum performance, that is seniority in the designated category of

services and the performance should be determined on the basis of the service level and

accuracy of performance.

Retirement

The retirement age of C-DIT staff is 48 yrs for contract employees and 55 for permanent

employees.

Time office

Time office comes under administrative department. Time office is considered as the “soul of

administrative department”. The head time keeper is the head of the time office. The function

of the time office is to maintain the record relating to the attendance of the workers. Their

wage, leave matters etc. all the administrative details are maintained in the time office right

from the Recruitment to Recruitment of the employment of the employee. That mean all

personnel registers and the services register are maintained in the time office.

Securities



The security section comes under the personnel department. Security inspector is the head of

the security department. Under the security inspector there are security guards. Security is

responsible for the safety federation, its properties, raw materials and finished goods. They

also look after the transport of the materials both Inward and Outward. The visitors must enter

their names in to the register in order to keep by the security.

The main registers keeping in the security department are:

Visiting vehicle booking in an out register.

Inward gate register

Outward gate register

Visitors booking In/Out register

Movement of the staff and officers register.

Key register.

Transfer

A staff member who has put more than 3 years of service at a particular post may only be

considered for the transfer to any other department on a post on the same grade in the Normal

Circumstances.

Wage and salary administration

The salary of the office staff is calculated for the 26 days in a month. The structures of the

employees’ compensation structure are:

Basic salary

House rent allowance at 52% of the basis pay

Conveying allowance

Special allowance

Dearness allowances

Washing allowances

Lunch allowances

Working hours of C-DIT

The working hour in C-DIT is from 9.30 am to 5 pm with an interval of half an hour interval

from 1pm to 1.30pm.

Welfare Measures



The workers of C-DIT gets leave on the first day of the week.

Canteen facilities are arranged by C-DIT for the welfare of the workers and staff.

Suspension

Suspension may be imposed on the workmen as a punishment for Misconduct, pending

enquiry for Misconduct, or when the criminal proceeding are pursued by a Court of Law, If

the management deems it necessary.

Secrecy

No employees shall be writing to any person or by any means of Communication News paper,

Journals etc. Or any document, relating to the company expect with the prior approval in

writing to the management.

FINANCE & ACCOUNTS DEPARTMENT

FINANCE – A Concept

‘Money is an arm or leg you either use it or lose it’. This statement Of Hentry ford, through

apparently simple, is quite meaningful. It brings home the significance of money or finance.

In business the role of money has broadly altered. Kenneth Medley and Ronald burns state

‘financing is the process of organizing the flow of funds so that a business can carry out its

objectives in the most efficient manner and meet its obligation as they fall due’.

Finance is the study of management it may deal with ways in which businessman, investors,

governments, financial institutions and individuals handle their money. It is true that financial

activity is largely confined to money management. Even so to confine it to money

management is underestimate its role in economic transactions. In the context of finance,

money management will have to be accepted with a perspective.

Finance is regarded as the life blood of every business enterprises. This is because in the

modern money oriented economy. Finance is one of the basic foundations of all kind of

economic activities. It is the master key which provides access to the entire source for being

employed in manufacturing and merchandising activities. It has rightly been said that business



needs money to make more money. However it is also true that money be gets more money,

only when it is properly managed. Hence efficient management of every business enterprise is

closely linked with efficient management of its finance.

A firm perform finance function simultaneously and continuously in the normal course of the

business. They do not necessarily occur in a sequence. Finance function call for skillful

planning, control and execution of firms activities while performing the finance function,

possible the needed cooperation between many units of activity.

Finance and Significance of Finance

Today is the subject of financial management finance occupies an important place as an input

of every economic activity. The majority of transactions in an economy are facilitated by

financial instruments. In this case, economic units exchange real commodities fir intangible or

financial goods for other the finance manager should strive to maximize market value of

shares.

Financial management is an appendage of the finance function. “finance management is

that part of management which concerned mainly with raising funds in the most economic

and suitable manner, using these funds are profitably as possible, planning future operations

and controlling current performance and future developments through financial accounting,

cost accounting, budgeting statistics and other means financial management is important

because it has an impact on all the activities of a firm”. Financial management may be

considered to be the management of the finance function.

Finance offers a much wider scope it’s include money, banking credit of different type and

class. It is required to generate finance, and for this purpose, it depends up on the coordination

of the different business functions. It is in the sense that finance is often described as a part of

nervous system of a business. In this connection, in its overall sense finance embraces may

areas other than corporation finance, money, banking and credit of various type and classes

considered as a whole, finance may be said to be the circulatory system of the economic body,

making other financial relationship between financial goods. The field of finance is closely

allied to the field of economics and accounting. Financial management is a form of applied

economics, which draws heavily on economic theory. Financial management drawn data from

accounting as well as from applied economics. Finance is closely related economics, for its



seriously concerned with supply and demand in the financial management, including the

stock exchange, the money market bullion exchange etc no person can even successfully

dabble in finance unless he has a thorough knowledge of econ

FINANCE DEPARTMENT OF C-DIT

A well managed financial department is the strength of a good business enterprise. In C-DIT,

finance department is headed by finance director responsible for all the financial transaction,

procurement and allocation of funds are the major function of finance department.

FINANACE is the life blood of any business operation. A well planned finance department is

the strength of a good business enterprise. The finance department is responsible for

managing the firm’s financial assets such as cash, stocks and other investment in order to

maximize the return of those financial assets. It should be noted at the outset that in a modern

enterprise the finance manager occupies a key position. The financial manager is also

responsible for shaping the fortunes of the enterprise and is involved in the most vital

decisions of the allocation of the capital

The functions of this department include providing fund for different teams and departments

for meeting their expenses and collecting the project income from each team. It is the duty of

the finance and accounts department to pay service tax, income tax, KVAT etc. The mode of

auditing is classified into three-Internal auditing, Statutory auditing, and Account General

(AG) auditing. Teams and departments in need of funds should state the required amount in

the fund requisition form, for the purpose of acquiring them. This department deposited the

collected project income in the main account. In certain cases, the government offers grants

for certain projects, however almost all of the expenses are met through the collected project

income.

The major functions of the finance department are;-

Accounting.

Auditing.

- Internal Auditing.

- Statutory Auditing.

- Government Auditing.



Releasing the payments and collecting receipts from contract with outsiders.

Information management

Budgeting

Maintaining salary records, wages and investments.

Custody and safeguarding of the assets, securities, and the valuable.

Account management-profit and loss account, balance sheet, cash book, ledger etc.

Getting the accounts audited every year .

Maintain inflow and outflow of cash.

Closing the accounts periodically.

Careful management of the funds.

The various sections working with the finance department are;

Budgeting

Commercial Accounts

Bill Passing

Establishment

Cash

Works

Figure No: 4.18

Structure of Finance and Accounts Department




LEGAL DEPARTMENT

It is the duty of the legal department in C-DIT to handle the service related cases in Supreme

Court, high court, district court and Lokayuktha. This includes cases regarding service matter,

Intellectual Property Right (IPR), and those related to public. Before implementing the projects

with Public and Private Companies, the legal department ensures that there must have a

Memorandum of Understanding and agreement. Legal Department is responsible for making

agreements between contract employees and C-DIT. In case of internal service issue, legal

department provides legal opinion. Legal department is responsible for providing documents to

standing council appointed in Supreme Court, High Court, District Court etc.

OBJECTIVES

Prevention and settlement of industrial dispute.

Represent the company in the Court of Law.

File cases against external parties.


Director

Registrar

Asst. Manager Finance and Accounts

Asst. Accounts Officer


FUNCTIONS OF LEGAL DEPARTMENT

The Department is to render Legal opinion/advice on matters referred from various other

Departments of the company on subjects varying from recruitment and service matters to

contract and commercial transactions.

I. Recruitment

To the various categories of posts in Managerial Cadre and Subordinate Service,

recruitments effected through PSC/Employment Exchange or by Direct notification,

and under Dying-in-Harness scheme.

With regard to direct recruitment Legal opinion is often called for as to

qualifications/eligibility of the candidates or acceptability of applications.

In appointments under Dying-in-Harness scheme, producing of various certificates

evidencing Death of the employee, right of the claimant(s) for Death-cum-Retirement

benefits and qualifications/eligibility of the applicant for the job, the post to which the

candidate is to be appointed etc, may require legal vetting and verification.

II. Service Matters

Service matters ranging from eligibility of the candidates for promotion to a particular

post, deciding the merit, upgradation (in lieu of promotion), increments/anomaly etc

may call for legal advice/opinion.

III. Conduct of Cases

A dispute of difference between the parties in any of the above matters such as

recruitment/service matters, contract may lead to litigation at various venues such as

Industrial Tribunal/Labour Court, various Civil Courts, and High Courts of

Departmental authorities such as Sales Tax/Transport Commissioner/Tribunals

(Central Excise Commission/Collector (Appeals), Central Excise & Gold Control

Appellate Tribunal (CEGAT). In case of purchase/contract disputes are also referred

to Arbitration.

In these cases, the Standing Counsels at Ernakulam and Trivandrum appear in Courts

for the company. All the necessary information and documents required in the cases

for filling/presenting in Court have to be obtained from the concerned Departments



and transmitted to the Standing Counsels. Where the Judgment/Award of the Court or

Authority contains any direction to the Company the Department has to pursue action

for compliance with such direction stipulated in the judicial pronouncements.

IV. Disciplinary Proceedings

Being an establishment employing above 1200 employees (Managerial and

Subordinate Service), naturally questions of discipline may come up most often.

Having got the certified Standing Order, and the misconducts well define therein, any

act affecting discipline cannot but be taken cognizance of. Disciplinary proceedings

start with issuance of chargesheet with details of the alleged misconduct and calling

for the delinquent’s explanation which is not found satisfactory, domestic enquiry is

ordered: this involves posting of the Enquiry officer and Presenting Officer,

culminating in the Enquiry Report of the Enquiry officer and award of punishment, if

found guilty, based on the Enquiry Report.

At any of these stages legal opinion/advice may be sought so as to ensure that the

Management’s action is legally sound, as also to ensure that the delinquent is

accorded reasonable opportunity to present/defend his case and natural justice meted

out to him.

In addition to these duties with regard to disciplinary proceedings in general, officers

in the Department are posted as Enquiry/Presenting Officer in which case they have to

play the role of the judge or prosecutor respectively.

V. Commercial Transactions

In the course of business, the Company has to enter into agreements/contracts with

various suppliers, customers and contractors for supply of material, servicing of

equipment supplied, executing of contract works etc throughout the country and even

abroad at times.

Documents embodying these contracts have to be drafted/approved/vetted by this

Department.



In case of delay or default in supply or execution of work as per contract also, this

department shall have to intervene at various stages by way of issue of show cause

notice, termination of control, blacklisting of the party etc.

VI. Financial Matters

Mainly the financial matters referred for legal opinion relate to levy of charges such

as Excise duty/MODVAT claims, Sales Tax etc., on material purchased/sold by the

company.

There being a bulk of statues in the country governing industry/labour in addition to

the ordinary enactments on civil matters, a legal issue may spring up in anything

related to the Company any time, warranting involvement of Legal Department.

Figure No: 4.19

Structure of Legal Department


CHAPTER 5

ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS


Registrar

Law Officer

Director


SWOT ANALYSIS

SWOT analysis is the process of analyzing the various strengths, weakness, opportunity and

threats of an organization. The SWOT analysis provides information that is helpful in matching

the firm’s resources and capabilities to the competitive environment in which it operates. As

such, it is instrumental in strategy formulation and selection.

Thus, SWOT analysis is a strategic planning method used to evaluate the Strengths,

Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a business venture. The SWOT network

was described in the late 1960’s. SWOT analysis is a tool for audit an organization and its

environment. It is the first stage of planning and helps marketers to focus on key issues.

Strengths: By analyzing the strengths of any competitor, a business can adjust its own strategy

to obtain a differential advantage. Strengths of a business may include a pricing advantage,

better terms, free delivery, better service and better advertisement, among others. To be more

competitive, a business may consider the associated factors and similarly provide the

aforementioned pricing, service, etc,attributes of the person or company that is helpful to

achieving the objective.

Weaknesses: Weaknesses are any problems that limit the amount of business a company may

accrue. In contrast to the strengths of a business, weaknesses may include poor customer service,

poor delivery transit times and expensive pricing. These weaknesses are usually factors that

require improvement. Competitors who notice these weaknesses can take differential advantage

and target the customers of that business, attributes of the person or company that is harmful to

achieving the objective

Opportunities: After identifying the strengths and weaknesses of a competitor, a business may

recognize possible opportunities that may exist. If there are new products a market requires, a

business with all of the strengths and none of the weaknesses will easily steal the opportunity.

Also, changes in an industry may open the door to new opportunities. Suppose a specific

ingredient in shampoos is deemed hazardous to the health; all hair care manufacturers utilizing

this ingredient are now searching for a substitute. This is considered an opportunity for

ingredient manufacturers, external conditions that is helpful to achieving the objective



Threats: The final factor involved in the SWOT acronym is threats. Threats may include

weaknesses that will eventually affect the business more severely. If the aforementioned

weaknesses are not improved upon, a company may lose sales to another competitor and face

additional roadblocks. These threats may include losing shelf space, becoming obsolete or

replaced by technology and eventually going out of business, external conditions which could do

damage to the objective.

Figure No: 5.1 SWOT


USE OF SWOT ANALYSIS



The uses of SWOT analysis are not limited to profit-seeking organizations. SWOT analysis

may be used in any decision-making situation when a desired end-state (objective) has been

defined. Example include: non-profit organizations governmental units, and individuals.

SWOT analysis may also be used in pre-crisis planning and preventive crisis management.

SWOT analysis may also be used in creating a recommendation during a viability study.

Here are some examples of what a SWOT analysis can be used to asses:

A company (its position in the market, commercial viability, etc)

A method of sales distribution

A product or brand

A business idea

A strategic option, such as entering a new market or launching a new product

A opportunity to make an acquisition

A potential partnership

Changing a supplier

Outsourcing a service, activity or resource

An investment opportunity

SWOT @ CDIT

Strengths

C-DIT has a talented pool of creative personnel from diverse fields.

Quality in services.

Good brand image.

Impressive list of clientele.

C-DIT is the one and only public sector undertaking owning security hologram

production facility in the country.



Financially sound.

Major pillar of support to the Government of Kerala.

Weakness

Political interference

There is no human resource department to monitor the welfare of workers.

Opportunities

Can venture in the newer areas like cyber security.

Can develop anti-counterfeiting technologies for the protection of physical and digital

documents and secure identification of products, processes and services.

Threats

Competition from total solution provides like NIC, Keltron, etc.

Lack of possibility of technology upgradation of employees.

PESTEL ANALYSIS

WHAT IS PESTEL?

PESTEL analysis stand for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal environment

analysis and it describes a framework of macro-environment factors used in the environment

scanning component of strategic management. This analysis gives an overview of the different

macro environment factors that the company has to take into consideration. It is useful tool for

understanding market growth or decline, business position, potential and direction for operation.

POLITICAL FACTORS - Political factors include how and to what degree a government

intervenes in the economy. Specifically, political factors include areas such as tax policy, labour

law, environment law, trade restrictions, tariffs and political factors may also include goods and

services which the government wants to provide or be provided (merit goods) and those that the



government does not want to be provided (demerit goods or merit bad). Furthermore,

governments have great influence on the health, education and infrastructure of a nation.

As far as C-DIT is concerned the political support has helped the company to withstand during

the time when they struggled to survive. Some assistance in funding money for new project is on

the card. Even other helps like support in procuring raw material is also there.

ECONOMIC FACTORS - Economic factors include economic growth, interest rates,

exchange rates and the inflation rate. These factors have major impacts on how businesses

operate and make decisions. For example, interest rates affect a firm’s cost of capital and

therefore to what extent a business grows expands. Exchange rate affects the cost of exporting

goods and the supply and price of imported goods in an economy.

In C-DIT, economic factors like changes in tax rate will affect our business as we are competing

with global players. Government funds and loans will also help the organization to carry out its

functions. Exchange rates will also affect ort export business.

SOCIAL FACTORS- Social factors include the cultural aspects and include health

consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on safety,

trends in social factors affect the demand for a company’s products and how that company

operates. For example, an ageing population may imply a smaller and less –willing work force

(thus increasing the cost of labor). Furthermore, companies may change various management

strategies to adapt to these social trends (such as recruiting older workers).

Business is not much affected by sociological factors in C-DIT.

TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS - Technological factors include ecological and environment

aspect such as R&D activity, automation, technology incentives and the rate of technological

change. They can determine barriers to entry, minimum efficient production level and influence

outsourcing decisions. Furthermore, technological shifts can affect costs, quality and lead to

innovation.

In C-DIT, technological changes have effects in the business. Modifications in software’s and

atomization of various processes are adding value but the new technological advancement by

competitors is always creating mess for the company. Technological advancements in marketing

like electronic media are also adding value to us. The investments in technological developments

like research are comparatively low.



LEGAL FACTORS - Legal factors include discrimination law, consumer law, antitrust law,

employment law and health and safety law. These factors can affect how a company operates, its

costs, and the demand for its products.

In C-DIT, the following factors are found:

a. Legislation in areas such as employment, competition, health and safety

b. Changes in government policies will affect our business.

c. Change in Government may affect our business.

d. Restrictions provided by the government.

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS - Environmental factors include weather, climate and

climate change which may especially affect industries such as tourism, farming and insurance.

Furthermore, growing awareness to climate change is affecting how companies operate and

the products they offer it is both creating new markets and diminishing or destroying existing

ones.



CHAPTER 6



POTENTIALENTRANTS

RIVALRY AMONG EXISTING FIRMS

SUPPLIERS

PORTER’S FIVE FORCES MODEL

Figure 6.1 Porters Five Forces Model

Entry Barriers Threat of New Entrants

Bargaining

Bargaining power Bargaining

power

Constraints on Pricing

SUBSTITUTES

According to Michel porter’s well known model of structural analysis of industries, the state of

competition in an industry depends on five basic competitive forces viz;



A. Rivalry among existing firms

B. Threat of new entrants

C. Threat of substitutes

D. Bargaining power of suppliers

E. Bargaining power of customers

A. Rivalry among Existing Firms

Rivals are competitors within an industry. Rivalry in the industry can be weak, with few

competitors that don’t compete very aggressively. Or it can be intense, with many competitors

fighting in a cut-throat environment.

1) Number of Firms- more firms will lead to increased competition

2) Fixed costs- with high fixed costs as a percentage of total cost, companies must sell

more products to cover those costs, increasing market competition.

3) Product Differentiation- products that are relatively the same will compete based on

price. Brand identification can reduce rivalry.

As far as C-DIT is concerned, other solution providers like NIC, Keltron, etc are there in the

industry, but there is no rivalry between C-DIT and these companies.

B. Threat of New Entrants

One of the defining characteristics of competitive advantage is the industry barrier to entry.

Industry with high barriers to entry is usually too expensive for new firms to enter. Industries

with low barriers to entry are relatively cheap for new firms to enter.

The threat of new entrants rises as the barrier to entry is reduced in a marketplace. As more firms

enter a market, rivalry increases, and profitability will fall (theoretically) to the point where there

is no incentive for new firms to enter the industry.

Here are some common barriers to entry as C-DIT is concerned:

Patents- patented technology can be a huge barrier preventing other firms from joining

the market.



High cost of entry- the more it will cost to get started in an industry, the higher the barrier

to entry.

Brand Loyalty- when brand loyalty is strong within an industry, it can be difficult and

expensive to enter the market with a new product.

C. Threat of substitutes

This is probably the most overlooked, and therefore most damaging, element of strategic

decision making. It’s imperative that business owners not only look at what the companies direct

competitors are doing, what other types of products people could but instead.

When switching costs (the costs a customer incurs to switch to a new product) are low the threat

of substitutes is high. As in the case when dealing with new entrants, companies may

aggressively price their products to keep people from switching. When the threat of substitutes is

high, profit margins will tend to be low.

As C-DIT is mainly undertaking the projects of the Government, there will not be any threat

from substitutes. The Government of Kerala entrusted C-DIT for completing these kinds of

projects, so there will not be any substitutes.

D. Bargaining power of Suppliers

When multiple suppliers are producing a commoditized product, the company will make its

purchase decision based mainly on price, which tends to lower cost. On the other hand, if a

single supplier is producing something the company has to have, the company will have a little

leverage to negotiate a better price.

Size plays a factor here as well. If the company is much larger than its suppliers, and purchase in

large quantities, then the supplier will have very little power to negotiate. A few factors that

determine supplier power include:

1) Supplier concentration- the fewer the number if suppliers for a given product, the more

power they will have over the company.

2) Switching Costs- suppliers become more powerful as the cost to change to another

supplier increases.

3) Uniqueness of product- suppliers that produce products specifically for a company will

have more power than commodity suppliers.



Some of the suppliers to C-DIT are ETL Trivandrum, Hykon India Pvt Ltd, Trivandrum, etc C-

DIT negotiate with these suppliers to have a reasonable dealing with them.

E. Bargaining power of customers

There are two types of buyer power. The first is related to the customer’s price sensitivity. If

each brand of a product is similar to all the others, then the buyer will base the purchase decision

on price. This will increase the competitive rivalry, resulting in lower prices, and lower

productivity.

The other type of buyer power relates to negotiating lower prices. When there are many small

buyers of a product, all other things remaining equal, the company supplying the product will

have higher prices and higher margins. Conversely, if a company sells to a few large buyers,

those buyers will have significant leverage to negotiate better pricing.

Some factors affecting buyer power are:

Size of buyer- large buyers will have more power over suppliers.

Number of buyers- when there are a small number of buyers, they will tend to have more

power over suppliers. The Department of Defense is an example of a single buyer with a

lot of power over suppliers.

Purchase quantity- when a customer purchases a large quantity of a suppliers output, it

will exercise more power over the supplier. C-DIT is directly undertaking the projects of

the Government. So there will not exist any bargaining from the customers.



CHAPTER 7

FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

FINDINGS

C-DIT has evolved as a centre of convergence over years, currently over years,

currently offering a plethora of services.

C-DIT implemented a number of innovative projects for various clients in Kerala

such as installation of Digital imaging Printing System in all the 308 Sub-registrar

offices in Kerala, re introducing the CM’s interaction programme “Sutharya

Keralam” with new perspective and vision, etc.

The success in the financial year 2009-2010 acted as a morale booster in fixing

large targets in the forthcoming years.

C-DIT is the one and only public sector undertaking owning security hologram

production facility in the country.

C-DIT has successfully realized various prestigious projects on behalf of the

Government of India and Government of Kerala.

C-DIT has a talented pool of creative personnel from diverse fields.

The competition from other solution providers doesn’t affect the existence of C-

DIT.

Political interference in matters like appointments, promotion and deployment of

job etc.

Lack of possibility of technology upgradation employees.

There is absenteeism in the company that affects the flow of work.

. There is no adequate number of employees for meeting the job needs.

Research and development department is weak.

CONCLUSION

As encouraging signs of recovery have appeared from one of the worst

economic crisis, information technology is bound to play an increasingly prominent



role as key enabler of renewed and sustainable growth, given that it has become an

essential element of the infrastructure underpinning competitive economics. The study

conducted at C-DIT helped to analyze the activities of various departments. C-DIT is

getting ready for a quantum leap-not only in terms of business and turnover, but also in

terms of diversification and quality up-gradation. All the teams in C-DIT are all geared

to meet the challenging target of 40 core turnover in the current financial year. By

appropriate planning, Coordination and control, C-DIT as able to attain its objectives.

The study gives light to the various departments in the organization, and helps to

understand the organizational activities, organizational discipline, communication etc. C-DIT

and its functions help to improve the IT services in Kerala. Its services and activities are well

reached among the public, because all the functions are done through its marketing societies.

C-DIT is now in a growing stage.

SUGGESTIONS



In order to understand the problems and need of workers and to provide welfare

measures to them, a human resource department should be constituted

separately.

It would be better to include all the teams now working outside the C-DIT main

centre, in the main centre to reduce the employees to cope with the

technological advancements.

C-DIT can focus into new areas like cyber security, development of anti-

counterfeiting technologies.

As far as possible, political interference should be avoided.

Strict schedule of work should be maintained to avoid absenteeism.

The federation should speed up their ongoing projects to capture the market and

to produce diversified products.

Recruit more skilled and unskilled employees to avoid workload and stress.

The company must have to give more attention to research department for new

diversified products.

The organization must install and use more advanced technology.
