OrthopedicsOrthopedics Is the study of the musculoskeletal Is the study of the musculoskeletal

system.system.

CTVT:CTVT: pgs 676-677- pgs 676-677-Retractors and pgs 679-685Retractors and pgs 679-685

Please review all information on Please review all information on orthopedic instruments.orthopedic instruments.

You will be given an instrument You will be given an instrument identification exam over identification exam over orthopedic instruments. orthopedic instruments.

Please take time to study the orthopedic Please take time to study the orthopedic instruments here at school as well as in instruments here at school as well as in your book.your book.

Orthopedic SurgeryOrthopedic Surgery Is the branch of Is the branch of surgerysurgery concerned with concerned with

acuteacute, , chronicchronic, , traumatictraumatic, and overuse , and overuse injuriesinjuries and other disorders of the and other disorders of the musculoskeletal systemmusculoskeletal system. Orthopedic . Orthopedic surgeons address most musculoskeletal surgeons address most musculoskeletal ailments including ailments including arthritisarthritis, , traumatrauma and and congenitalcongenital deformities using both surgical deformities using both surgical and non-surgical means.and non-surgical means.

Single-action rongeur

Double-action Ruskin rongeur-mechanically

stronger than single-action. Kerrison rongeur

Gun shaped appearance. Useful

for spinalsurgeries

Rongeurs: Close-up of tips.Rongeurs: Close-up of tips.

Used to cut small pieces of dense tissue such as bone, cartilage, or fibrous tissue

The Musculoskeletal The Musculoskeletal System consists of ?System consists of ?

Answer:Answer:

BonesBones JointsJoints LigamentsLigaments

TendonsTendons MusclesMuscles NervesNerves CartilageCartilage

Wire cutters Wire cutters (left)(left) and bone and bone cutters cutters (right).(right). They look similar They look similar but should not be confused. Bone but should not be confused. Bone

cutters have finer jaws.cutters have finer jaws.

Osteotomes and chisels are used to

cut bone. Osteotomes and

chisels are used by pounding on the flared end of the

handle with a mallet.

Mallet

Chisel

Osteotome

OrthopedicsOrthopedics ArthritisArthritis Cruciate Ligament RuptureCruciate Ligament Rupture Canine Hip DysplasiaCanine Hip Dysplasia Intervertebral Disk DiseaseIntervertebral Disk Disease

Key

Pin Cutter

Steinmann pinsaka

Intramedullary (IM) pins

Extension

Smaller pins=Kirschner wires

or K wires

Jacobs hand chuck or a power drillis required to

insert pins intobone, and a pin

cutter is necessaryto cut it to theproper length.

Bone-holding forceps. Bone-holding forceps. Left to right:Left to right: Small Kern bone-holding forceps, large Small Kern bone-holding forceps, large speed-lock forceps, large point-to-point speed-lock forceps, large point-to-point

forceps, small clamshell forceps.forceps, small clamshell forceps.

Bone curettes

of various sizes.

Used to scrape hard tissue such

as bone or cartilage. Notice

the cuplike structure. These

are used for bone grafts.

Used to pry periosteum or muscle from the bone surface. They can have sharp

or blunt edges and are available in various

sizes.

Freer elevator

¼ inch Key elevator

In general these instrumentsare called Periosteal

elevators

Michel trephineMichel trephine This instrument is T-shaped and is used to remove a core of bone for biopsy. All of these instruments are very sharp. Use caution when handling them.

Orthopedic wire, Orthopedic wire, wire twisters, wire wire twisters, wire cutters. Wire cutters. Wire twisters look twisters look similar to needle similar to needle holders but are holders but are more rugged and more rugged and designed to designed to withstand higher withstand higher forces.forces.

Various sizes of bone Various sizes of bone plates.plates.

Bone plates must be bent to match the curve of the bone and fastened to it with bone screws.

Bone screws Bone screws

Bone plating equipment. Bone plating equipment. Left to right:Left to right: Drill Drill guide, drill bit, depth gauge, tap sleeve (to guide, drill bit, depth gauge, tap sleeve (to

prevent soft tissues from being caught on the prevent soft tissues from being caught on the bone tap), bone tap, and screwdriver.bone tap), bone tap, and screwdriver.

External fixation is a means of stabilizing fractures using pins placed through the

skin and bone. These pins are fixed to bars using special

clamps.

CTVT: pgs. 820-821CTVT: pgs. 820-821 Please read over the following topics:Please read over the following topics:

Canine Hip DysplasiaCanine Hip Dysplasia Intervertebral Disc DiseaseIntervertebral Disc Disease

Canine Hip DysplasiaCanine Hip Dysplasia

Hip dysplasia is an abnormal development and growth of the hip joint. Both hips are usually affected, but only one side may show symptoms.  Hip dysplasia occurs primarily in dogs that have a mature body weight of over 30 pounds. Genetics and nutrition appear to important factors in these dogs.

Intervertebral Disk Intervertebral Disk DiseaseDisease

Breeds commonly affected:Breeds commonly affected: DachshundsDachshunds PekingesePekingese Cocker SpanielsCocker Spaniels PoodlesPoodles PugsPugs BeaglesBeagles

ChondrodystrophoidChondrodystrophoid Any disorder of cartilage formationAny disorder of cartilage formation

Intervertebral disk disease affects the spinal cord of chondrodystrophoid breeds at an earlier age than nonchondrodystrophoid breeds.

Orthopedic TerminologyOrthopedic Terminology

What’s Next?What’s Next? Fractures!Fractures!