ornithodira - uc-mercedjdyeakel.github.io/slides/dinos/07_dinosauria.pdf · ornithodira dinosauria...
TRANSCRIPT
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Archosauria
Crown-clade Archosauria
OrnithodiraCrurotarsi
Ornithosuchidae
Pterosauria Dinosauria
“Rauisuchia”Crocodylomorpha
Basal archosaurs
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Basal archosaur?Maybe... or it split off before archosauria
TanystropheusProlacertiform
Archosauria
prolacertiform?
Archosauromorpha
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Archosauria: synapomorphies
Antorbital fenestra (in front of eye)Teeth with serrated marginsMandibular fenestra
ProterosuchusBasal Archosaur
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Euparkeria (Facultative biped)Derived, Basal ArchosaurBony dermal plates down back
Faculatative biped vs. Obligate biped
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Stances: sprawling <=> semi-erect <=> erect
aquatic <=> terrestrial
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Rauisuchians-Pillar-Erect Posture
Locomotion(Pelvis)
Buttress-ErectOrnithodiransMammals
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Archosauria
Crown-clade Archosauria
OrnithodiraCrurotarsi
Ornithosuchidae“Rauisuchia”Crocodylomorpha
Basal archosaurs
Pillar-ErectButtress-Erect
Buttress-Erect
Locomotion: Pelvic/Hind leg conditions:
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Digitigradevs.Plantigrade
Barrel-like articulationConstrained ‘twisting’ motion to the plane parallel with its body
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astragalus calcaneum
PM: Primitive Metatarsal
CN: Crocodyle NormalCrocodylomorphs/Rauisuchians
CR: Crocodyle ReversedOrnithosuchids
AM: Advanced MesotarsalPterosaurs, Dinosaurs
Hinge
Hinge
Rotation Rotation
Proterosuchus
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The importance of a twisting ankle for animals with sprawling-erect posture
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The importance of a twisting ankle for animals with sprawling-erect posture
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Archosauria
Crown-clade Archosauria
OrnithodiraCrurotarsi
Ornithosuchidae“Rauisuchia”Crocodylomorpha
Basal archosaurs
Pillar-ErectRotation
Buttress-erect*Rotation
Buttress-erectRotation
Buttress-erectHinge
Sprawling/Semi-erectHinge
buttress-erect = parasagittal
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CrocodylomorphaLate TriassicTerrestrisuchusSaltoposuchus
BIPEDAL!/TERRESTRIAL!
Saltoposuchus
Terrestrisuchus
Buttress-erect*Rotation
A return to aquatic environments was more recent for crocodylomorphs
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Ornithodira
DinosauriaPterosauria(later)
Saurischia Ornithischia
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Dinosaur expansion: multiple models
Competitive Replacement Scenario (Gradual)
Opportunistic Scenario (Abrupt)
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DINOSAURS
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Dinosaur synapomorphiesA) Crest on humerusB) Shelf on top surface of iliumC) Perforated acetabulumD) Tibia w/ expanded endE) Ascending astragular process on front surface of tibia
(parasagittal stance)
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DINOSAURS
Herrerosaurus
Lagosuchus
Heterodontosaurus
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Eoraptor
Herrerosaurus
Pisanosaurus
Basal Dinosaurs
Coelophysis
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Ornithischians!
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‘Cheeky’ saurs
Lesothosaurus
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Heterodontosaurus
Shared, derived traits of skull
PredentaryLow jaw jointPalpebral bone: EAGLE EYE!Deep set cheek teeth
Head Tail
Hip shared, derived, trait
‘Opisthopubic pelvis’
Basal Ornithodiran condition
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Heterodontosaurus
Shared, derived traits of skull
PredentaryLow jaw jointPalpebral bone: EAGLE EYE!Deep set cheek teeth
Head Tail
Hip shared, derived, trait
‘Opisthopubic pelvis’
Basal Ornithodiran condition
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Other shared, derived traits
At least 5 sacral vertebraeOssified tendons above sacral regionFrontal process on illium
Lesothosaurus
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How do mammals chew?Front: CroppingDiastem: Manipulation by tongueCheek teeth: Grinding (occluding)Coronoid Process ~ Muscle attachmentsInset molars for cheeks ~ keep food in mouth
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How do mammals chew?Front: CroppingDiastem: Manipulation by tongueCheek teeth: Grinding (occluding)Coronoid Process ~ Muscle attachmentsInset molars for cheeks ~ keep food in mouth
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How did Ornithischians chew? In very similar waysFront: Cropping: carried out by keratin RAMPHOTHECADiastem: Manipulation by tongueCheek teeth: Grinding! Dental BatteriesCoronoid Process ~ Different shape, different muscle attachmentsInset molars for cheeks ~ keep food in mouth
EdmontosaurusOrnithopod
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How did Ornithischians chew? The Angle of the jaw. Scissors vs. Pliers
Traveling forceSmall area, large force
Broadly distributed force
Large area, less force
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Basal Ornithischians
Pisanosaurus Lesothosaurus
Everything else in Ornithischiais in Genasauria Chewing
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‘Cheeky’ saurs
Lesothosaurus
Heterodontosauridae
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Heterodontosaurids: Not Primitive... unique chewing.
Three kinds of teethAnterior: Snipping/CroppingPosterior: ChewingTusks: Potentially display/courtship
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Heterodontosaurids: Not Primitive... unique chewing.
Three kinds of teethAnterior: Snipping/CroppingPosterior: ChewingTusks: Potentially display/courtship
Chevrotain