origins of the socialist labor movement 1848: the “general brotherhood of german workers” seeks...
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ORIGINS OF THE SOCIALIST LABOR MOVEMENT
1848: The “General Brotherhood of German Workers” seeks “one big union” for all.1863: Rebuffed by the Progressive Party, a network of “workers’ educational clubs” invites Ferdinand Lassalle to found a party for them.1869: Admirers of Marx found the “Social Democratic Workers’ Party” in Eisenach, Saxony1875: Unification of the Lassalleans and Eisenachers1878-90: Anti-Socialist Law1890: Reconstitution of the “Social Democratic Party of Germany” as it exists today
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Ferdinand Lassalle and the banner of his “German Workers Association”
(1863):“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity!
Unity makes us strong!”
Lassalle received
financing from Countess Sophie von
Hatzfeldt but died in a duel over a woman
in 1864….
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August Bebel and Wilhelm Liebknecht founded the Marxist “Social Democratic Workers Party” in Saxony
in 1869
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Bebel and Liebknecht served two years in prison fortheir opposition in the Reichstag to the Franco-
Prussian War
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“To honor our elders and guide the young!”
(poster to commemorate
the Gotha unification congress of
1875)
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REPRESSION UNDER THE ANTI-SOCIALIST LAW IN THE 1880s:
The police dissolve a workers’ rally after
judging that the speaker had
advocated socialism.
The police search a worker’s apartment
for socialist pamphlets or
magazines, smuggled from
Switzerland.
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“Revenge for our persecuted comrades,
1878-88. Long live Social Democracy”
“Only he deserves freedom and life who must conquer them
daily” (a “proletarian house blessing”)
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Robert Koehler, “The Strike” (Munich, 1886)
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The Social Democrat celebrates the SPD’s election
victory in March 1890
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Delacroix, “Liberty Leading the People” (1830)
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“Homage to Liberty” (those celebrating the SPD election success in 1893 include Lassalle, Marx, Danton, Darwin, &
Brutus)
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Liberty summons
Progress to demolish the
Bastille of capitalism with the 8-Hour Day
(Der wahre Jacob, 1895)
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August Bebel argued in Woman
and Socialism that women must be able to pursue careers to achieve genuine equality
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Social Democratic women’s meeting (Berlin, 1891): By 1912 the SPD counted 150,000 women and 850,000 men
as members
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“Thank you, dear wife. What’s the news?”
(Der Wahre Jacob, 1892)
But many workers yearned for wages high enough that their wives could stay at home and keep house….
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The inevitable collapse of capitalism:“The Fateful Path” (Der wahre Jacob, 1891)
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“Wasted Effort” (Der wahre
Jacob, 1902):The international
proletariat defeats all efforts by the Imperialist Powers to keep it
divided and weak.
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EVIDENCE OF DISCRIMINATIONAGAINST WORKERS IN IMPERIAL
GERMANY
Under three-class suffrage (retained in most states and cities until November 1918), a worker’s vote counted for 1/30 as much as a rich man’s.
In 1900 only 1-2% of Prussian university students were children of workers, 0% of heads of large businesses, 1% of Protestant pastors, and 4% of Catholic priests.
In Hamburg’s cholera epidemic of 1892, working-class neighborhoods had mortality rates 5 to 10 times higher than those of middle-class neighborhoods.
According to the research of Hartmut Kaelble, in 1900 sons of skilled blue-collar workers were twice as likely to experience downward social mobility as upward.