origins of the english language
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Origins of the English Language. Written records of English have been preserved for about 1,300 years. Much earlier, however, a people living in the east, near the Caspian Sea, spoke a language that was to become English. Proto-Indo-European. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Origins of the English Language
Origins of the English Language
Written records of English have been preserved for about 1,300 years. Much earlier, however, a people living in the east, near the Caspian Sea, spoke a language that was to become English.
Written records of English have been preserved for about 1,300 years. Much earlier, however, a people living in the east, near the Caspian Sea, spoke a language that was to become English.
Proto-Indo-EuropeanProto-Indo-European
• The earliest family of languages made up of most of the languages of Europe, Iran, India, and other parts of Asia.
• Proto= “the first or earliest form of something”
• The earliest family of languages made up of most of the languages of Europe, Iran, India, and other parts of Asia.
• Proto= “the first or earliest form of something”
Indo-European LanguagesIndo-European LanguagesProto-Indo-European people traveled and settled in parts of Turkey, Iran, India, and most of Europe. Their languages changed into what we now call Per-sian, Hindi, Armenian, Greek, Russian, Polish, Irish, Italian, French, Spanish, German, English, Dutch, Nor-wegian, Swedish, and most of the languages of Europe and India.
Proto-Indo-European people traveled and settled in parts of Turkey, Iran, India, and most of Europe. Their languages changed into what we now call Per-sian, Hindi, Armenian, Greek, Russian, Polish, Irish, Italian, French, Spanish, German, English, Dutch, Nor-wegian, Swedish, and most of the languages of Europe and India.
Timeline of Language in England
Timeline of Language in England
People Group Language307 B.C.-1 A.D.- CelticCelts/Britons
C. 50 A.D. Romans Latin
449 A.D.- Angles & Saxons DanishScandina-vian
People Group Language307 B.C.-1 A.D.- CelticCelts/Britons
C. 50 A.D. Romans Latin
449 A.D.- Angles & Saxons DanishScandina-vian
People Group Language597 A.D.Roman Missionaries Latin
Latin words borrowed from Roman soldiers: mile, street, wall, wine, cheese, butter, dish After conversion to Christianity, these words were added to vocabulary: school, candle, alter, paper, circle
People Group Language597 A.D.Roman Missionaries Latin
Latin words borrowed from Roman soldiers: mile, street, wall, wine, cheese, butter, dish After conversion to Christianity, these words were added to vocabulary: school, candle, alter, paper, circle
Timeline of Language in England
Timeline of Language in England
People Group Language793 A.D.- Vikings Norse/ Scandin- avian
Words borrowed from Vikings: get, give, get, give, hit, kick, law, sister, skirt, sky, take, hit, kick, law, sister, skirt, sky, take, window, they, their, themwindow, they, their, them
People Group Language793 A.D.- Vikings Norse/ Scandin- avian
Words borrowed from Vikings: get, give, get, give, hit, kick, law, sister, skirt, sky, take, hit, kick, law, sister, skirt, sky, take, window, they, their, themwindow, they, their, them
Timeline of Language in England
Timeline of Language in England
People Group Language849-899 A.D. SaxonAlfred the Great (Old English)
Words from Old English/Anglo-Saxon:
Heart (heorte), foot (fot), head Heart (heorte), foot (fot), head (heafod), day (dæg), year (gear), father (heafod), day (dæg), year (gear), father (fæder), mother (moder), son (sunu), (fæder), mother (moder), son (sunu), daughter (dohtor), name (nama), east daughter (dohtor), name (nama), east (east)(east)
People Group Language849-899 A.D. SaxonAlfred the Great (Old English)
Words from Old English/Anglo-Saxon:
Heart (heorte), foot (fot), head Heart (heorte), foot (fot), head (heafod), day (dæg), year (gear), father (heafod), day (dæg), year (gear), father (fæder), mother (moder), son (sunu), (fæder), mother (moder), son (sunu), daughter (dohtor), name (nama), east daughter (dohtor), name (nama), east (east)(east)
Timeline of Language in England
Timeline of Language in England
Root Root Meaning Today's Words ber carry bear, berth, borne, burden
brew ferment brew, brewery, bread
dear valued dear, ear ly, darling
drink swallow drink, drank, drunk
hel sanctuary Hell, hellish, helmet, hall, place of protection
kno- skill know, knowledge, knew
lik- similar, to be pleased with like, liken, likeness. Likely
spell recite spell, spelling, gospel
swer- swear, proclaim answer, forswear, swear, sworn
tru- faithful truth, true, troth, betrothed, truly
ward guard, protect ward, wardrobe, homeward, warden
Root Root Meaning Today's Words ber carry bear, berth, borne, burden
brew ferment brew, brewery, bread
dear valued dear, ear ly, darling
drink swallow drink, drank, drunk
hel sanctuary Hell, hellish, helmet, hall, place of protection
kno- skill know, knowledge, knew
lik- similar, to be pleased with like, liken, likeness. Likely
spell recite spell, spelling, gospel
swer- swear, proclaim answer, forswear, swear, sworn
tru- faithful truth, true, troth, betrothed, truly
ward guard, protect ward, wardrobe, homeward, warden
Anglo- Saxon RootsAnglo- Saxon Roots
People Group Language1066 A.D. FrenchWilliam the Conqueror(Normans)Words from borrowed from French:
abjure, abstain, account, beverage, abjure, abstain, account, beverage, blank, blanket, bonnet, calendar, blank, blanket, bonnet, calendar, cancel, canon, foundcancel, canon, found
People Group Language1066 A.D. FrenchWilliam the Conqueror(Normans)Words from borrowed from French:
abjure, abstain, account, beverage, abjure, abstain, account, beverage, blank, blanket, bonnet, calendar, blank, blanket, bonnet, calendar, cancel, canon, foundcancel, canon, found
Timeline of Language in England
Timeline of Language in England
Hwæt! Wé Gárdena in géardagum Listen! We --of the Spear Danes the days of yore, þéodcyninga þrym gefrúnon· of those clan-kings– heard of their glory. hú ðá æþelingas ellen fremedon. how those nobles performed courageous deeds. Oft Scyld Scéfing sceaþena þréatum Often Scyld Scaef’s son, from enemy hosts monegum maégþum meodosetla oftéah· from many peoples seized mead-benches; egsode Eorle syððan aérest wearð and terrorised the fearsome Herudli after first he was
féasceaft funden hé þæs frófre gebád· found helpless and destitute, he then knew recompense for that:- wéox under wolcnum· weorðmyndum þáh he waxed under the clouds, throve in honours, oð þæt him aéghwylc þára ymbsittendra until to him each of the bordering tribes ofer hronráde hýran scolde, beyond the whale-road had to submit, gomban gyldan· þæt wæs gód cyning. and yield tribute:- that was a good king!
Beowulf Manuscript