origins and destinations of foreign students in the united states - … · 2018. 1. 30. · 2 pew...
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Origins and Destinations of Foreign Students in the United States Neil G. Ruiz
Associate Director of Global Migration & Demography
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2
Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and
trends shaping America and the world. We conduct public opinion polling, demographic research,
content analysis and other data-driven social science research. We do not take policy positions. All of
our research is available at www.pewresearch.org. We are a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts,
our primary funder.
Major research areas
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• Global migration and demography
• Social and demographic trends
• Research methodology
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30 January, 2018 3 www.pewresearch.org
Main Data Source for Foreign Student Data
Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (SEVIS)
data received via a FOIA request from
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement
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30 January, 2018 4 www.pewresearch.org
Over 1 million foreign students
studying in the United States during 2015/16 school year
Source: Institute for International Education, Open Doors.
Number 1 destination of foreign students in the world [will hear more from IIE]
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30 January, 2018 5
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30 January, 2018 6
+ 100%
+ 100%
+ 150%
+ 108%
+ 108%
+ 106%
+ 33%
+ 43%
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30 January, 2018 7
Cost of U.S. higher education increased significantly among
public schools
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30 January, 2018 8
Most “Popular” Universities 2016
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30 January, 2018 9 www.pewresearch.org
Work Authorization for Foreign Student Graduates
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30 January, 2018 10 www.pewresearch.org
The OPT program has grown rapidly in recent years
Source: Congressional Research Service presentation of data from U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, as cited in Ruth Ellen
Wasem, “Temporary Professional, Managerial, and Skilled Foreign Workers: Policy and Trends” (Washington, DC: January 13,
2016).
28
9197
105115
123
137150
2008 2014
Number of foreign students approved for OPT approvals, 2008 to 2014
In thousands
Notes: Numbers rounded to nearest thousands. Numbers are for
each fiscal year.
Source: Congressional Research Service presentation of data from
U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, as cited in Ruth Ellen
Wasem, "Temporary Professional, Managerial, and Skilled Foreign
Workers: Policy and Trends" (Washington, DC: Congressional
Research Service, January 13, 2016)
PEW RESEARCH CENTER
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30 January, 2018 11 www.pewresearch.org
Foreign students from India and China accounted for more
than half of all OPT approvals from 2012 to 2015
Of those applying
for OPT:
STEM Majors had
75% employment
rate compared to
Non-STEM Majors
(53%)
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30 January, 2018 12 www.pewresearch.org
Ten tech companies in the Fortune 500 with the highest market
valuation employed 8,725 or 3.5% of workers under the OPT program
Source: Pew Research Center analysis of Student and Exchange Visitor Information data received via FOIA request from U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.
520
214
520
1,936
1,067906
1,563
180
739
1,080
421
176
446
1,637
912812
1,552
171
711
1,063
OPT STEM
2,000
Apple HewlettPackard
IBM Amazon Microsoft Google Intel Cisco Oracle Qualcomm
Top 10 Fortune 500 companies with employed OPT students, including STEM
Number that technology companies hired…
Notes: Companies are listed from top to bottom in order of ranking. Data collected for the years 2012 to 2015
PEW RESEARCH CENTER
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30 January, 2018 13 www.pewresearch.org
Main Pathway for Retention in US:
Temporary Employment-Based Visa System
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30 January, 2018 14 www.pewresearch.org
H-1B visa applications have exceeded supply for the past
five years
Source: Pew Research Center analysis of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services data.
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30 January, 2018 15 www.pewresearch.org
Since 2001, half of H-1B visas have been awarded to
Indian nationals
Source: U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services annual reports to Congress on H-1B petitions.
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30 January, 2018 16 www.pewresearch.org
Most H-1B applications seek STEM knowledge, but 1 in 4
don’t require a bachelor’s degree
Source: Pew Research Center analysis of data from U.S. Labor Department’s Labor Conditions Applications for 2011 and O*NET.
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30 January, 2018 17 www.pewresearch.org
More than half of all H-1B visa approvals in fiscal 2013
went to employers in four states
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30 January, 2018 18 www.pewresearch.org
Salaries have risen for High-Skilled Workers on H-1B Visas
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30 January, 2018 19 www.pewresearch.org
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30 January, 2018 20 www.pewresearch.org
From Temporary to Permanent Residency:
The Green Card System
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30 January, 2018 21 www.pewresearch.org
U.S. Green Card system is majority family-based One million immigrants receive lawful permanent resident status each year – also
known as a green card – that puts them on a path to citizenship, and most are sponsored by family members
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• Data are not linkable: F-1 & Optional Practical Training (OPT) are only
linkable data to understand those staying in the U.S. post-graduation
• Need to FOIA detailed data on H-1B visas from US Citizenship and
Immigration Services (USCIS) if they release those previously on F-1
visas
• No linkage between H-1B visas and Green Cards (EB-1 / EB-2 / EB-3)
• No exit/entry system so U.S. government has no understanding of all
the various visas an individual had while in the United States
30 January, 2018 22
Key Challenges for Understanding where
U.S. foreign students end up after they graduate
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Contact Information
Neil G. Ruiz
Associate Director of Global Migration & Demography
@neil_ruiz