origin and economic importance of maize
DESCRIPTION
Indigenous to the Americas Principle food grain of Americans Domesticated about 8000 years ago Yield is 700 million tons per year.TRANSCRIPT
A Presentation By
Ishtiaq Shariq
Roll #: 2
B. Sc. (Hons.) 6th Semester Plant Breeding and Genetics
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• Indigenous to the Americas • Principle food grain of Americans • Domesticated about 8000 years ago
• Building on this legacy, early
American farmers evolved
high-yielding, open-pollinated
dent cultivars adapted to.......
Native Americans accomplished remarkable feats by evolving races of flint, flour, gourd-seed dent, pop, and sweet corn.
• Differ from primitive corn in having more
productive plants due to an increased
number and weight of individual kernels
on a cob of corn.
Whether corn originated by a single domestication from the basal branching
teosinte subspecies Zea mays L. spp. parviglumis
OR
From the lateral branching subspecies Z. mays L. spp. mexicana, or by a dual
domestication from the two subspecies.
• Proposed pathways for double origin of corn from different subspecies of teosinte.
• Upper: Basal branching type from subspecies parviglumis. Note proliferation of tillers at the base of the plant.
• Lower: Lateral branching type from subspecies mexicana.
• Note that branching is lateral, with each branch terminating in a tassel.
The wild annual forms of teosinte have the same chromosome
number as corn
Teosinte X corn = fertile
corn and teosinte
• Teosinte, like corn, is monoecious in flowering habit, with staminate and pistillate flowers borne in separate inflorescences
• Differs from corn in that the pistillate spikes bear 6 to 12 kernels in hard triangular, shelllike structures. The teosinte seed structures break apart and shatter when mature, forming a natural means of seed dispersal
CORN HAS TWO POSSIBLE CENTERS OF ORIGIN
• The highlands of Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia; and the region of southern Mexico and Central America.
WET MILLING PRODUCTS
• Modified maize starch for paper lamination
• Textile
• Wrap
• Sizing and laundry finishing
• In India, dry milling is the predominant process for:
• Flour
• Animal feed
• Fermentation
• Distilling industries
• Composite flours.
• In the new millennium, it is an alternate crop to rice and wheat
• Over the past two decades, global maize production has increased by
nearly 50 percent, or 1.8 percent annual compound growth rate.
Most of the increase in world maize production during the past decade can
be attributed to a rapid expansion
IN
ASIA • 35 percent during the past decade • Accounting for 30 % of global growth
Applications: Field Crops Utilizing Hybrid Breeding Procedures Chapter 17 Origin of Corn, page 321
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Economic Section Competitive Commercial Agriculture in Sub–Saharan Africa (CCAA) Study Maize International Market Profile
