orica - recent innovations in perimeter blasting
TRANSCRIPT
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Recent Innovations in Perimeter Blasting
Ontario Mining Health and Safety Conference Sudbury – April 18, 2013
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Development Blasting – Perimeter Control
• Context– Perimeter control refers to additional measures taken in the
outside holes of a development round to reduce the impact of blasting on the surrounding rock mass. Good perimeter control lowers scaling and bolting time, decreases over break and reduces reconditioning.
• Orica HandiLoader System• PowerGel Viper
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Perimeter Control
• The act of reducing the impact of the explosive detonation pressure inside the borehole and on the surrounding mass.
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Explosive Energy
Detonation YieldsShock Energy + Gas Energy…
... that Breaksand Heaves Rock
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shock sensor 1m from borehole center
Trace height indicatesintensity of shock wave
6-inch diameter boreholeexplosive fully coupled
2-inch diameter boreholeexplosive fully coupled
6-inch diameter boreholewith 2-inch diameter charge
air space around charge
water in space around charge
6-inch diameter boreholewith 2-inch diameter charge
Effects on Shock Wave
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HandiLoader String Loading System
Orica String Loading System
A combination of specific products and PLC controlled equipment resulting in a variable speed retraction system for the charging hose, designed for minimising damage in the back and side walls.
Constant pumping velocity c [kg/s]
Controlled retraction speed v [m/s]
Q = c/v [kg/m]
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Bulk Emulsion Explosive• Water in Oil Emulsion
– External oil phase is water repelling (Water resistant)
– Water Phase• Oxidiser Solution
– Nitrates (70-80%) + Water (20-30%) + Minor Chemicals
– Fuel Phase• Readily available oils
including diesel, paraffin oil, vegetable oils or wax’s (Packaged)
• Emulsifiers/ChemicalsDual Sensitized/Variable Density
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Equipment
• Emulsion Pumping Unit.
• PLC Control Unit• Hydraulic Hose
Handling System• In-Basket Operator
Controls
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Charging Unit Illustration
Instrumentation
Charginghose
Dosagepump
WaterGassing agents
Emulsion
Dosagepump
Main pump
Mixingnozzle Homogenizer Hose Retraction
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100 %
50 % reduction
75 % reduction
Flexible Charging Density
HandiLoader String Loading System
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Universal Explosive - Different Charging DensitiesApplication
Distribution of charging densities in a typical road tunnel (45 mm drill bits):
Cut
Stoping b
Lifters
Stoping a
Wall Wall
Contour
Internal ContourUp to 5 pre-programmed loading density options
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Glass Tube Loading
40mm (0.25m/sec)
32mm (0.40m/sec.)
22mm (0.83/sec.)
22mm (0.83/sec.)
32mm (0.40m/sec.)
40mm (0.25m/sec.)
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Features & AdvantagesSafetyReduces peak pressure and rock over break through string chargingReduced crack zone/damage to surrounding rock structureNo risk of pull-outs or blow-out as experienced with packaged productsVariable densityAllows to reduce energy density in holeAllows complete flexibility of charge from 25% to 100% of hole volume
EfficiencyShorter charge time (up to 50% less time compared to cartridge explosivesCharging documentation generated by system
CostLower overall cost per round of explosivesConsiderably cheaper than conventional perimeter products
HandiLoader String Loading System
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Benefits Identified in Local Trials• Compared to conventional packaged
explosives– Over-break reduction – 6% Average– Finer Fragmentation (95%<16in vs. Anfo @ 32in)– Reduced Damage to Services – 50%– Reduction in Bolting Required – 6.6%– Muck Pile Height/Profile and Cast– Cycle Time Reduction– Advance Rate – Equal or better– Explosives Cost Reduction – (13 – 24%)
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Benefits Identified in Local Trials
• Compared to conventional packaged explosives– Post blast Ventilation Time – Reduction in
Ammonia – Re-blasting Costs – reduced misholes– Loading Efficiency – vs. Packaged Explosives – Reduction of Manual Labor –vs. packaged– Product rationalization – no need for specialized
products– Ability to adjust powder factor and blasting
process for specific rock type
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Over Break Reduction
Traced Anfo String Loading
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Fragmentation
Anfo String Loading
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Example of MacLean Loader Conversion
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Example of IFI MineCat
Boom Basket – Large Headings
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Example of IFI MineCat
Man-lift– Narrow Vein – used in 10x12ft
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Orica PowerGel Viper
Packaged Perimeter Control Product
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PowerGel Viper •Product aims to deliver an easy to use perimeter control product.•Good wall control product for a positive impact where miners spend ~50% of their time in the scaling and bolting cycle. •Based on accepted Razorback concept.
•Improved toe design•Improved explosive formulation•Improved retention device
•The lack of detonating cord differentiates itself from other products
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PowerGel Viper
Product Characteristics•Precut length – 14 ft•Watergel explosive formulation (Detagel)•Density – 1.20 g/cc•VOD – 5000 m/sec•Toe Charge Design
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PowerGel ViperSafety•Low impact sensitivity compared to other perimeter control products•Engineered detonator well•Detonator locked in and ideally located within the explosive charge•Stabilization in the blasthole provided by a spider locking device•Highly visible•Decoupled charge minimizes damage to back and wallsEase of Use•A single pre cut piece – no assembly•Improved priming•One piece design•Higher toe charge
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Any questions?