orgeron - chapter 2 framing and video laws

Chapter 2 Chapter 2 The TV Frame & ShotsThe TV Frame & Shots

The Frame

The illusion of three dimensions in two dimensional space.

•The rectangle’s outline is the frame•The space inside (the screen) is “inside the frame”•The black space of the theater or your home is “outside the frame”

Types of shots

FOREGROUND & BACKGROUND

CAMERA SHOTS AND COMPOSITION

OBJECTS OR ACTION CLOSEST TO THE CAMERA IS FOREGROUND

OBJECTS OR ACTIONS AWAY FROM THE CAMERA IS BACKGROUND

TWO SHOT


FRAMING OF TWO PEOPLE

THREE SHOT


FRAMING OF THREE PEOPLE

ESTABLISHING SHOT


SHOWS OBJECTS FROM A GREAT DISTANCE. USUALLY ESTABLISHES THE LOCATION OF WHERE THE SCENE WILL TAKE PLACE

LONG SHOT


OBJECT SEEN FROM FAR AWAY OR FRAMED LOOSELY

SIGNIFIES: CONTEXT, SCOPE OR PUBLIC DISTANCE

MEDIUM SHOT (MS)


Brings subject matter closer to the viewer than a long shot and begins to isolate it from the overall environment.

*Typically Waist to Head

SHOWS: PERSONAL

RELATIONSHIP

MEDIUM CLOSE -UP SHOT (MCU)


USUALLY FRAME FROM SHOULDERS TO TOP OF THE HEAD.

SHOWS: IMPORTANCE!

CLOSE -UP SHOT (CU)


OBJECT OR ANY PART OF IT SEEN AT CLOSE RANGE AND FRAMED TIGHTLY. USUALLY FRAMED FROM CHIN TO MIDDLE OF FOREHEAD.

SIGNIFIES: INTIMACY

EXTREME CLOSE UP (ECU)


SHOWS THE OBJECT WITH VERY TIGHT FRAMING

OVER THE SHOULDER SHOT


CAMERA LOOKS OVER A PERSON’S SHOULDER AT ANOTHER PERSON (SHOULDER AND BACK OF HEAD INCLUDED IN SHOT)

OVER THE SHOULDER SHOT


180 DEGREE RULE


IMAGINARY LINE ON ONE SIDE OF THE AXIS OF ACTION IS MADE AND THE CAMERA MUST NOT CROSS OVER THAT LINE, OTHERWISE THERE IS A DISTRESSING VISUAL DISCONTINUITY

180 DEGREE RULE


Camera ACTORS

The TV Frame & ShotsThe TV Frame & Shots

POSITION:

You can emphasize a compositional element by the way in which you position it within the frame.

In any composition, the upper left quadrant attracts the eye first because that is where we automatically look to start reading a new page of text.

Advanced TelevisionAdvanced Television

POSITION:

11 22

33 44


POSITION:

Shot• The single, continuous take of material that is recorded each

time the camera is turned on until it is turned off.

Visual Grammar• The rules that govern the visual reconstruction of events,

including the raw material shot and recorded in the field and the process of editing the material for broadcast.


1st Law of the video world:

Everything outside of the television frame doesn’t exist!


By having a small number of spectators sit close together and not shoot the empty seats around them you can make an audience seem bigger then it really is.

Since all the empty seats are outside the frame, they do not exist.


By framing off the many well-kept homes in the neighborhood and framing only the few run-down houses, you can make an area look like a slum.

In the video world the attractive homes outside the frame do not exist.


THE LANGUAGE OF VIDEO EXPRESSION

*Image (Frame)

*Shot

*Scene

*Sequence



*An Image (Frame) is much like a Single Word




*A Shot is like a Complete Sentence





*A Scene is like a Paragraph





*A Scene is like a Paragraph

*A Sequence is like a Chapter


2nd Law of the video world:

Height and Width are determined solely by the frame and depth is only an illusion



Height and Width are determined solely by the frame and depth is only an illusion

Width

Height

Depth



Height and Breadth are determined solely by the frame and depth is only an illusion



Height and Breadth are determined solely by the frame and depth is only an illusion

North

EastWest

South


3rd Law of the video world:

In the actual world objects keep the same size and position; but in video space nothing is fixed. You can use this fact to your advantage.


4th Law of the video world:

Direction is determined solely by the frame


4th Law of the video world:

In this law, a character climbs six flights of stairs, in actual shooting, a single flight was used repeatedly, with different floor number signs and camera angles.


VIDEO TIME:

Taking a real world event and condensing it down to fit the time required


VIDEO TIME:

Example:

If you presented a program in real world time - say a 2 hour bike ride would actually last two hours long, the audience would be profoundly bored long before the video ends


SCREEN TIME:

Screen time is the length of real-world time in which a video program is actually displayed on-screen

Screen Space• The space that surrounds subjects in the frame, including

headroom, gaps between people, and the space into which subjects move.

• Improper use of screen space results in visual imbalance.

HEADROOM


THE SPACE LEFT BETWEEN THE TOP OF THE HEAD AND THE UPPER SCREEN EDGE

LEADROOM


THE SPACE LEFT IN FRONT OF A PERSON OR OBJECT MOVING TOWARD THE EDGE OF THE SCREEN

Lookroom


THE SPACE LEFT IN FRONT OF A PERSON LOOKING OR POINTING TOWARD THE EDGE OF THE SCREEN

Tilt Shot• The camera moves up or down to reveal new action or subject

matter.

Pan Shot• Moving the camera in a horizontal motion left to right or vice

versa

Dolly Shot• A shot made from a camera mounted on a

wheeled conveyance that is moved either toward the subject or away from it.

Truck Shot• A shot made from a camera mounted on a

wheeled conveyance that is moved either left or right, either following the subject or revealing new information to the viewer.

CAMERA ANGLE


THE POV (POINT OF VIEW) CHOSEN TO PHOTOGRAPH A SUBJECT

Reaction Shot• A shot that shows a subject’s reaction to an action in the

previous shot.

Point of View Shot• The view as seen through the subject’s eyes.

Shot / Reverse Shot• The back and forth of shots using the 180 degree rule

Interior Shot• A shot made inside a building or other interior location.

Exterior Shot• A shot made outdoors.

Dutch Angle• This is the process where a camera is angled so that the

horizontal frame line is not parallel to the horizon• A cinematic tactic often used to portray the psychological

uneasiness or tension in the subject being filmed

Jump Cuts• An action that is seen to jump unnaturally into a new position

on the screen.

LOW-ANGLE SHOT


SHOT IN WHICH THE SUBJECT IS FILMED DIRECTLY FROM BELOW AND THE CAMERA POINTS UP

LOW-ANGLE SHOT


SHOT IN WHICH THE SUBJECT IS FILMED DIRECTLY FROM BELOW AND THE CAMERA POINTS UP

*MAKES THE SUBJECT APPEAR LARGER, MORE FORMIDABLE AND MENACING, PERHAPS TALL AND REGAL

HIGH-ANGLE SHOT


SHOT IN WHICH SUBJECT IS FILMED FROM ABOVE AND THE CAMERA POINTS DOWN AT ACTION

HIGH-ANGLE SHOT


SHOT IN WHICH SUBJECT IS FILMED FROM ABOVE AND THE CAMERA POINTS DOWN AT ACTION

*MAKES THE SUBJECT APPEAR WEAK, SMALL, AND POWERLESS

RULE OF THIRDS


UNDERSTOOD CAMERA TECHNIQUE THAT DOESN’T PLACE THE FOCUS OF ATTENTION IN THE DIRECT MIDDLE OF THE SCREEN

RULE OF THIRDS

Rule of Thirds


SPEED WITHIN A SHOT:

Editors control video time speed in two ways:

*They slow time down by Overlapping action

*They speed up time by Omitting action.

The TV Frame & Shots The TV Frame & Shots


SLOW MOTION

In slow motion, the lovers float lazily toward each other across a flowery field.

Moderate slow motion imparts a dreamlike effect. The feeling may be pleasant or romantic.



FAST MOTION

Clowns skitter around in the screen in a comedy type effect.


FLASHBACK:

To jump backward in time and then resume its forward direction


FLASHBACK:

To jump backward in time and then resume its forward direction

*It is not a flashback when a character in a program actually travels through time. In a flashback, it is the story, rather than the character, that changes position in time.


VOICE OVER:

A voice off-screen that fill in gaps and provides necessary information for the viewer

orgeron - chapter 2 framing and video laws

Art & Photos

image frame

television frame doesnt

shoulder shot camera

long shot camera shots

shot mcu camera shots

shot cu camera shots

ecu camera shots

types of shots