organizing a framework, a plan to achieve goals. strategy goals activities group the activities...
TRANSCRIPT
ORGANIZING
A FRAMEWORK, A PLAN TO ACHIEVE GOALS
STRATEGYGOALS
ACTIVITIESGROUP THE ACTIVITIES
COORDINATE THE ACTIVITIESASSIGN TASKS
SELECT, PLACE, TRAIN, EDUCATE, AUTHORITY,
RESPONSIBILITY(EMPOWER)
FORMS OF STRUCTURE
FUNCTIONALDIVISIONAL
PRODUCT MARKET CHANNEL GEOGRAPHICAL CUSTOMER/CLIENT
MATRIXNETWORK
FUNCTIONAL GROUP SIMILAR TASKS, JOBS
+ SPECIALIZATION, EXPERTISE+ EFFICIENCY+ ECONOMY OF SCALE? ACCOUNTABILITY OVERALL? ACROSS FUNCTIONS - “CHIMNEYS”
Coordination, Communication? “Narrow” Jobs
PRODUCT
+ FOCUS ON PRODUCT/SERVICE+ ACCOUNTABILITY - PRODUCT? DUPLICATION OF FUNCTIONS? ACROSS DIVISIONS
“CORPORATE” FOCUS?COORDINATIONCOMMUNICATION
MARKET CHANNEL
+ FOCUS ON MARKET CHANNEL+ ACCOUNTABILITY - CHANNEL? DUPLICATION OF FUNCTIONS? ACROSS DIVISIONS
“CORPORATE” FOCUS? COORDINATION COMMUNICATION
GEOGRAPHICAL
+ FOCUS ON TERITORY+ ACCOUNTABILITY - TERRITORY? DUPLICATION OF FUNCTIONS? ACROSS DIVISIONS
“CORPORATE” FOCUS? COORDINATION COMMUNICATION
CUSTOMER, CLIENT
+ FOCUS ON CUSTOMER+ ACCOUNTABILITY - CUSTOMER? DUPLICATION OF FUNCTIONS? CROSS DIVISIONS
“CORPORATE” FOCUS? COORDINATION COMMUNICATION
MATRIX
(SPECIAL BLEND OF RESOURCES)
+ FOCUS PRODUCT, PROJECT…+ FLEXIBLE, BUILT TO FIT+ ”PROFIT” CENTER? ACCOUNTIBILITY? JOB INSECURITY
TASK FORCE
STRONGFORMAL
SHORT
PROJECTMANAGER
MEDIUMFORMAL
“MEDIUM”
PRODUCTMANAGER
“PERSUASIVE” “PERMANENT”
CROSSFUNCTIONAL
TEAMVARIES VARIES
TYPE OFSTRUCTURE
TYPE OFAUTHORITY
DURATION
TYPES OF MATRIX
NETWORK
(HUB PLUS “SUB-CONTRACTORS”)
+ FOCUS+ COORDINATE+ FLEXIBLE+ OUTSOURCE? CONTROL? OUTSOURCE
LINE - STAFF
LINE: DIRECTLY INVOLVED
STAFF: INDIRECTLY…
TO DETERMINE PROPER FOCUS, MISSION
AUTHORITY
RIGHT TO…
MAKE DECISIONS,ISSUE ORDERS,REQUESTS, ETC.
POWER
ABILITY
TO INFLUENCE= REAL AUTHORITY
BASES OF POWER(FRENCH & RAVEN)
LEGITIMATECOERCIVEREWARDEXPERTREFERENT
BASES OF POWER(WEBER)
LEGITIMATE
TRADITIONAL
CHARISMATIC
BASES OF POWERANOTHER VIEW
CONTROL RESOURCE ACCESS
AWARE OF IT
WANT TO HAVE POWER
KNOW HOW TO USE IT
RESPONSIBILITY = OBLIGATION
AUTHORITY = RESPONSIBILITY
DELEGATING AUTHORITY
1. DECIDE GOALS/TASKS TO ASSIGN
“TEACH MISSION,” EDUCATE
CAPABLE PERSON IN POSITION
TRAIN
DELEGATING AUTHORITY
2. MAKE ASSIGNMENTS
AGREE ON MISSION, GOALS, TASKS
ESTABLISH LIMITS (POLICY)
AGREE ON RESULTS, MEASUREMENT
ESTABLISH MONITORS, FEEDBACK
GIVE INFORMATION
DELEGATING AUTHORITY
3. GRANT AUTHORITY TO ACT TRANSFER RIGHT TO DECIDE
TRANSFER RIGHT TO COMMIT RESOURCES
BACK UP IN WRITING
COORDINATE WITH OTHER PEOPLE/POSITIONS
DELEGATING AUTHORITY
4. HOLD RESPONSIBLE/ACCOUNTABLE
CHECK PROGRESS
DO NOT “INTERFERE”
DELEGATING AUTHORITY
5. “MONITOR” REWARD REMOVE ROADBLOCKS TEACH COMMUNICATE GIVE INFORMATION GIVE RESOURCES HOLD ACCOUNTABLE
Who’s responsible? Or Everybody is somebody
This is a story about four people named Everybody, Somebody, Anybody, and Nobody. There was animportant job to be done and Everybody was askedto do it. Everybody was sure Somebody would do it.Anybody could have done it, but Nobody did it. Somebody got angry about that, because it was Everybody’s job. Everybody thought Anybody could do it, but Nobody realized that Everybody wouldn’tdo it. It ended up that Everybody blamed Somebodywhen Nobody did what Anybody could have done.
Anonymous
PROBLEMS WITH DELEGATION
RELUCTANCE TO DELEGATE
NOT DONE WELL NO CLEAR SYSTEM, CONTROL
POWER CONSIDERATIONS
MOVE UP THROUGH POSITION DO NOT “LEAVE OLD JOB”
PROBLEMS WITH DELEGATIONCONT’D
RELUCTANCE TO DELEGATE
TIGHTLY HELD /FAMILY OR ORGANIZATIONDON’T TRUST SUBORDINATE NOT TRAINED WON’T MAKE “RIGHT DECISION”
MATRIX STRUCTURES
PROBLEMS WITH DELEGATION
RELUCTANCE TO ACCEPT
LIMITS ON AUTHORITY
BEYOND SUBORDINATE’S WILLINGNESS, CAPACITY
DIFFERING ROLES
WORK RULES
LIMITS ON AUTHORITY
NORMS, CULTURE
UNION RULES
DIFFERENT PERCEPTIONS
DIFFERENT BELIEFS
CENTRALIZATION--DECENTRALIZATION
(INFLUENCING FACTORS)
STRATEGYENVIRONMENT ORGANIC, MECHANISTIC CORE, BOUNDRY SPANNERS UNCERTAINTY, CERTAINTY
TECHNOLOGY - INTERDEPENDENCE
CENTRALIZATION--DECENTRALIZATION
(INFLUENCING FACTORS, cont’d.)
“COST OF DECISION”, RISK
UNIFORMITY OF POLICY
GEOGRAPHICAL DISPERSION
PHILOSOPHY, CULTURE
CENTRALIZATION--DECENTRALIZATION
(INFLUENCING FACTORS, cont’d.)
AVAILABILITY OF MANAGERS ABILITY DESIRE
SIZE OF ORGANIZATION, GROWTH DIFFERENTIATION FORMALIZATION
COORDINATION TOOLS
RULES, PROCEDURES, POLICIES
GOALS
HIEARCHY
PLANS
COORDINATION TOOLS
TEAMS
COMMITTEE
LAISON
ORGANIZATION CULTURE
CULTURE IN SOCIETY
SPAN OF MANAGEMENT
(FACTORS AFFECTING)
SKILL, STYLE OF SUPERVISOR
SKILL, STYLE OF SUBORDINATES
TYPE OF TASKS COMPLEX ROUTINE
SPAN OF MANAGEMENT
(FACTORS AFFECTING, cont’d.)
COORDINATION OF INTERACTIONS FREQUENCY “SEVERITY”
ASSISTANCE ASSISTANTS GOALS, PLANS, ETC.
PHILOSOPHY, CULTURE
TALL, FLAT
NUMBER OF LEVELS NUMBER OF MANAGERS
SPAN OF MANAGEMENT
?VERTICAL COMMUNICATION?
“FLAT” NOT NECESSARILY = DECENTRALIZED!
CHAIN OF COMMAND
DIRECT LINES OF AUTHORITY
FORMAL LINES OF AUTHORITY
UNITY OF COMMAND
REPORT TO ONLY 1 SUPERVISOR
PLACING “SERVICE” DEPT.
ACCESSIBLE
“CLOUT”
“OWNED” BY A DEPARTMENT
LEVEL
TITLE
STAFF AUTHORITY
ADVISORY
SERVICE
CONTROL
FUNCTIONAL