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Organized by:
International Conference on Education Innovation
(ICEI)
PROCEEDING
THE 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EDUCATION INNOVATION (ICEI)
Faculty of Education, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Indonesia
Peer Review : Prof. Dr. M. V. Roesminingsih, M.Pd.
Prof. Dr. Wahyu Sukartiningsih, M.Pd.
Dra. Pratiwi Retnaningdyah, M.Hum, M.A., Ph.D.
Arie Wardhono, S.T., M.MT., M.T., Ph.D.
Dr. Elly Matul Imah, M.Kom.
Rooselyna Ekawati, Ph.D.
Dr. Andre Dwijanto Witjaksono, S.T., M.Si.
Dr. Suryanti, M.Pd.
Dr. Gunarti Dwi Lestari, M.Si.
Dr. Erny Roesminingsih, M.Si.
Dr. Yuliyati, M.Pd.
Dr. Bachtiar Syaiful Bachri, M.Pd.
Dr. Fajar Arianto, M.Pd.
Dr. Karwanto, M.Pd.
Dr. Sri Joeda Andajani, M.Kes.
Dr. Najlatun Naqiyah, M.Pd.
Dr. Eko Darminto, M.Si.
Dr. Retno Tri Hariastuti, M.Pd., Kons.
Dr. Umi Anugerah Izzati, M.Psi.Psikolog.
Dr. Widodo, M.Pd.
Dr. Miftakhul Jannah, M.Si.
Dr. Asri Wijiastuti, M.Pd.
Neni Mariana, Ph.D.
Nurchayati, Ph.D.
Committee : Dr. Budi Purwoko, M.Pd.
Ulhaq Zuhdi, M.Pd.
Muhammad Syafiq, S.Psi., M.Sc.
Ganes Gunansyah, M.Pd.
Syunu Trihantoyo, M.Pd.
Evi Winingsih, M.Pd.
Kartika Rinakit Adhe, M.Pd.
Editor & Layout : Bambang Dibyo Wiyono, M.Pd.
M. Syahidul Haq, M.Pd.
Cetakan pertama : Desember 2017
Publisher:
Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan
Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Jalan Lidah Wetan Surabaya – 60213
Telp. (031) 7532160 Fax (031) 7532112
PREFACE
We are pleased to welcome all of the participants to the International Conference on
Education Innovation (ICEI 2017). The ICEI 2017 is organized by Faculty of Education
Univeritas negeri Surabaya. ICEI has been started since 2017, this conference is an
international conference dedicated to the advancement of theories and practices in all areas of
education. It also provides an interdisciplinary platform for participants to present and discuss
the most recent innovations, trends, and concerns as well as practical challenges encountered
and solutions adopted in the fields of education.
The main objectives of our conference are bringing together academicians,
researchers, educators, and practitioners from all parts of society and all regions of the world
to exchange and share their knowledge, experiences, concepts, critical analysis, and examples
of good practice on all aspects of education. Eight simultaneous tracks will be held, covering
different aspects of Education Innovation, including special need education, educational
technology, educational management, guidance and counseling, early-childhood education,
elementary education, non-formal education, and educational psychology.
The ICEI 2017 Program features 4 invited keynote speakers and 310 contributed oral
presentations, which come from different countries: Indonesia, China, Taiwan, Malaysia,
Philippine, and Australia. All papers reviewed before and after they are presented in this
event. Selected papers will be published in the CRC press and Conference Proceeding. To all
participants, we hope that you will learn new subjects, make networking, and have fruitful
discussions with others. To overseas participants, we wish you a pleasant stay in Surabaya.
Finally, we wish to express our sincere appreciation to all of the presenters for their valuable
contributions and also to the members of the program committee for their excellent works in
selecting abstracts and organizing the program.
October 2017
ICEI Chief of Commite
CONTENTS
PREFACE ................................................................................................................................... i
CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................... ii
Correlation between giving reward and motivation and the increasing of the students’
learning interest
Agus Widodo, Ketut Admaja,Suhanadji ................................................................................... 1
A framework development of thematic comic module based multiple intelegence D. Yasa, D.
D. Chrisyarani, S. Akbar, & A. Mudiono ................................................................................. 5
The influence of fantasy plasticine exploration game on cognitive form and cognitive
creativity of group B kindergarten children
A. Fadhillah.............................................................................................................................. 10
Developing Spa level IILearning of the standard competence of traditional body massage by
direct learning A.Kastur,L. Nurlaela&M.Munoto ................................................................... 14
Utilization of E-Learning in Improving the Quality of Learning
A. Kristanto, Mustaji & A. Mariono ........................................................................................ 18
The dynamics of Banjaresee cultural mentality and the dynamic of guidance and counseling
service management
A. Rachman & M. A. Setiawan ............................................................................................... 21
Developing Edutainment-Based Supplement Book for Grade IV Students of Elementary
School
A. Rimabethe, A. Kasdi, W. Sukartiningsih ........................................................................... 27
Child friendly school development model through strengthening of school culture in junior
high school
A. Rusmana dan I. Abdulhak, K. Abdul Hakam & Y. Ruyadi ................................................ 32
The influence of parenting and the strengthening of the tutors social competence on the
character building of Paket B Program
Achmad Baidhowi, MV. Roesminingsih, & I Ketut Atmaja J.A. .......................................... 39
The improvement activity and learning outcomes with application of cooperative learning
model type student team achievement division
A.A Manunggal, Y. Riyanto & Suhanadji ............................................................................... 44
Characteristics of philosophy and values of lecturers work culture
Arwildayanto............................................................................................................................ 48
Gamification: a literature review
J.S. Putra, E.Y. Chandra, B. A. Chandra ................................................................................ 59
Improved cognitive and motoric developments with the game “Mana Aku” in PAUD
Surabaya
A. Husnah, W. Sukartiningsih, & R. Hasibuan ........................................................................ 63
The effect of project based learning model and learning style to the ability of creating
educational game tools for early childhood.
A. Insani, M. Mustaji, & M. Jannah ........................................................................................ 67
Influence of fish math media on ability to recognize the concept of numbers and fine motor
skill
A. Lilawati, Mustaji, & S. Setyowati ....................................................................................... 71
The application of VCT by using video media to improve honesty value awareness on civics
learning for students elementary school
A.N. Setyaningsih, dkk ............................................................................................................ 75
The implementation of eating together habit in order to foster the ability of fine motor and social emotional of play group students
A. Risalah, S. Masitoh, & A. Mariono ..................................................................................... 80
The development of comic media based on CTL in elementary school
A. Rosyida, Mustaji, & W. T. Subroto .................................................................................... 85
Scientific approach through inquiry process activities setting inclusive among students with
visual impairment
A.W. Winarno, M.V. Roesminingsih ...................................................................................... 89
Development of child activity sheet by using the scientific approach at ethnic subtheme to
introduce Indonesian cultural variety
A. Y. Novitasari, A.Bastian dan B. Mustaji, A. Mariono ........................................................ 93
A training of creating APE (Educational Game Making Tool) in parenting to increase
children’s multiple intelligence
A.Yusuf, B. B. Wiyono, H. Hardika, R. Al Atok .................................................................... 97
The Contribution of Organizational Culture and Principals’ Spiritual Leadership towards
Teachers’ Extra-Role Behavior at Islamic Senior High School in Surabaya
Bachtiar Hariyadi ................................................................................................................... 102
Managemant development in the selection of school headmaster candidates to obtain quality
performance of school headmaster
Budi Tri Cahyono ................................................................................................................. 108
The most accurate classroom management and assesment
D. A Setiawan, & A. A Putri ................................................................................................. 113
In primary schools in Indonesia
Deni Setiawan, Sutaryono, Sumilah, Hartati ......................................................................... 118
Application of self-learning on basic teaching skills
Debora & Supriadi ................................................................................................................. 125
Development Device Learning Oriented Model The Problem Based Learning with Video
Media
Dessy Nonita Sari .................................................................................................................. 131
The total blind social learning
D. Idawati, M. Masitoh, & B.S. Bachri ................................................................................. 138
Keroncong music infographic book for elementary school children
D. Febrianto ........................................................................................................................... 142
Matematical learning model based on scientific approach in preschool
D. Suryana.............................................................................................................................. 147
Multimedia development to introduce english vocabulary for group B children in
kindergarten
D. Prastyo, W. Sukartiningsih & B.S. Bachri ........................................................................ 151
The development of learning to navigate a scenario applied
to the full mission bridge simulator
D. Purba, M. Mustaji, M.Janah .............................................................................................. 156
Bullying in play activity of kindergarten children
D. Komalasari & F. K. Hasjim .............................................................................................. 161
Interactive media to develop language ability in kindergarten
D. Suprihatin, W. Sukartiningsih ........................................................................................... 166
Verbal and nonverbal aspect on teaching and learning process
D. Tandyonomanu.................................................................................................................. 171
Implementation of CBSA-based direct learning to improve student activities and learning
outcomes in class IPS subjects V SDN Kertayaja V / 211 Surabaya
E. Andriani, Mustaji, Nasution .............................................................................................. 175
Developing Learning Materials Oriented to Discovery Learning with Puzzles for Fourth
Graders of Elementary School
E.N.Q.S.Farnanti, W. Sukartiningsih & W.T. Subroto .......................................................... 179
Efficiency of anjungan belajar mandiri as an online learning facility
Ema Sumiarti, Rusijono, Andi Mariono ................................................................................ 184
Implementation of comprehensive counseling and guidance with microsystem principle for
language development of children with hearing impairement
E. Bunyanuddin dan N. Azizah.............................................................................................. 188
Development of folding flannel board media in stimulating cognitive and fine motor
development of ages 4-5 years.
E. Hasanah, S. Masitoh, B. S. Bachri .................................................................................... 192
The Costing Management Model Development at University Which Applies Management of
Public Service Agencies
Efendi dan S. Bambang & Murtadlo...................................................................................... 196
Influence of interactive picture story media on early childhood cognitive and language
development
E. Fithriyana ........................................................................................................................... 202
Social skills to improve social adjustments by peers
E Christiana ............................................................................................................................ 206
The impact of ladder snake game with gross motor skill development and knowledge self protection concept in 5-6 years
E. U. M. A. W. Suci, & S. Masitoh, & S. Setyowati ............................................................. 214
Practical method of drawing human figure for visual art students
F. Akbar. R. P ........................................................................................................................ 219
The effect of accelerated learning methods, discussion and achievement motivation to
learning outcomes
Fatah Yasin ............................................................................................................................ 223
Analysis the content of character in student book for first grade elementary school
F. M. A Septiyana, W. Sukartiningsih & W. T. Subroto ....................................................... 228
How to develop problem based teaching materials?
F.N. Kumala ........................................................................................................................... 232
Local Culture In Basic Violin Learning
H. Y. Karyawanto .................................................................................................................. 237
Study of academic atmosphere among universities in indonesia and thailand
H.Siswanto, I.K.Ainin & M.N.Ashar..................................................................................... 240
The use of inquiry media to increase student’s care activity for 4th elementary school
students
H.S. Rahmawatie, R. Ningsih and S. Suhanadji .................................................................... 244
Implementation of Blended Learning In Improving Motivation of Vocational Package C
Students At Community Learning Center
H. Susilo, R. Rimbarizki ........................................................................................................ 253
Development of cooperation character of elementary school student through project-based
learning
H. Trisdiono,dkk .................................................................................................................... 257
Playing drama for early childhood using hand puppets with story telling method
I.A.I. Candra .......................................................................................................................... 263
The role of care group in character building and academic development in higher education
I. Adhitya Wulanata Chrismastianto, P. Rahmadi ................................................................. 268
Development of career model based on life skills to increase career maturity
I.Lestari, R. Hidayati, N. Mahardika, A. Kiswantoro ............................................................ 274
The effect of folklore video toward competence in retelling story and moral development of
young learners 4-5 years old in kindergarten
I. N. Hayati, W. Sukartiningsih & S. Setyowati .................................................................... 284
South line and social economic change
I.K. A. J. Artha ....................................................................................................................... 289
Development of learning device based on multiple intelligences to improve creative thinking
skills of elementary school students
I.Karunia, M.V. Roesminingsih & Suryanti .......................................................................... 292
Parental involvement in developing english reading habit of young learners
I K. D. Susila, L. P. Artini & N. N. Padmadewi .................................................................... 298
The Development of Learning Material to know Allah names on Kindergarten
.I. Choiroyaroh1W. Sukartiningsing dan S.Setyowati............................................................ 304
Releated work environment and motivation to work with performance tutors BP-ECD in East
Java and Dikmas
Ipung Prihan Riyawan, dkk.................................................................................................... 310
The development of business strategy management model in a college using balanced
scorecard framework
Iskandar, Murtadlo & B. Suratman ........................................................................................ 315
Conceptual model of mobile learning based moodle for learning in higher education
I.Lestari, G. Yarmi ................................................................................................................. 321
Experiental learning: using the learning material on integrated concept
I.Rahmawati, G. Gunansyah, VD. Wicaksono ...................................................................... 328
The development of diorama media to improve the cognitive learning outcomes in elementary school students I.Y. Safitri , M. Ibrahim, Suryanti.......................................................................................... 334
Implementation of Compassion Value in Teacher Education System to Improve Students’
Social Competency
Jossapat Hendra Prijanto ........................................................................................................ 342
Children independency and adaptability based on family education and play group entrance
J. Jusniar, W. Sukartiningsih & A. Mariono .......................................................................... 347
From the game to the meaning: an action research in music appreciation class of elementary
school
Karsono, Rukayah & J. Daryanto .......................................................................................... 351
Character Education Activities that Work for Elementary School
Kerti Nitiasih, Putu, Padmadewi, Ni Nyoman ....................................................................... 357
The influence of socio-drama harvest festival method on group B children’s language and
social-emotional development
K.Kamila, Mustaji, M. Jannah ............................................................................................... 367
Teachers Collaboration between Inclusive School and Resource Center for Student with
Disability at the Primary School
Kurniasari, Mashitoh, &Bachtiar ........................................................................................... 374
Outdoor learning influence towards numerical and science concept in plant theme in lettuce
sub theme for TK A Student in Islamic Kindergarten School, Rungkut-Surabaya
Kurnia Fitri, Mustaji, Miftakhul Jannah ................................................................................ 376
Electronic module development of audio processing techniques subject to twelveth multi
media graders in vocational high school.
L. H. Susarno, R. Rusijono & B. S. Bachri ........................................................................... 380
The application of andragogy approach with interpersonal communication in English
competency achiement
L. Musyafa’a .......................................................................................................................... 385
The Effect of Circus Adventure Circuit Game on Cognitive Development and Gross Motor
Development of 5-6 Year Old
L. Nur Indah Prawesti, S. Masitoh, R. Hasibuan ................................................................... 390
Narrative expression in forum lingkar Pena’s Asma Nadia’s da’wah novels
Lukman Fahmi ....................................................................................................................... 394
The Influence Of Problem Posing Learning By Using Buttons Media To Increase Fractional
Arithmatic Operation Capability In Grade IV Elementary School Students
L. D. A. Suarlan, M.V Roesminingsih, & T. Y. E. Siswono ................................................. 399
Improving self regulation through portfolio assessment in higher
education
L. Hidayati, dkk. ................................................................................................................... 405
Designing multicultural education module as a learning supplement of thematic learning for
4th grade elementary school
L. Fatmawati & V.Y. Erviana ................................................................................................ 408
Maximizing Critical Thinking To Elementary School Students
L.Ari, A .................................................................................................................................. 412
Scaintific approach on biology subject to improve students’ learning result
L. Muanty, Raharjo, Suyatno ................................................................................................. 415
The development of mathematics teaching kit for eight grades of junior high school based on
HOTS oriented
M. Diali & Jailani .................................................................................................................. 420
Application of learning models based problems to increase skills troubleshooting and
students activities
Mallevi Agustin Ningrum ...................................................................................................... 424
Pattern of Application of Cooperative Learning Model STAD and Achievement Motivation to
Improve Reading Ability in English Language Subject of Grade X Students at SMAN
M. Munarto ............................................................................................................................ 427
Implementation of character education policy at colleges
M. Hazin, Murtadlo & Mudjito.............................................................................................. 428
The development of multimedia learning to increase religious and moral values in
kindergarten children
M Endang, Mustaji, & B S Bachri ......................................................................................... 438
Organization model development MGMP Geography SMA in Surabaya City
Mohammad Arifana ............................................................................................................... 411
The challenge of student character education in the digital era
M. Sinar Tarigan .................................................................................................................... 461
Analysis of the instructional mistake in formulating indicator of attainment competence on
civic education in Elementary School
Mujtahidin .............................................................................................................................. 466
The influence of video animation to develop language and cognitive abilities in kindergarten
children
Musayyadah .......................................................................................................................... 471
Government Policy Analysis About The Standard’s Assessment of The New Curriculum in
Indonesia
M. Hidayat, L. Nurlaela & F. Ariyanto.................................................................................. 476
Improve Learning Outcomes of Students Through Implementation of The Collaborative
Project-Based Learning Model in Thermodynamics
Nizwardi Jalinus, Arwizet K., Rahmat Azis Nabawi & Ambiyar ......................................... 485
The pattern of character education in extracurricular activities in elementary school N.A.D.C. Sari, W. Sukartiningsih, W.T. Subroto .................................................................. 490
Sponge blocks media development to improve creativity and cooperative attitude for group B
children in kindergarten
N.N. Widayanti, Mustaji & A. Mariono, .............................................................................. 495
The effect of organization culture and job statisfaction on teachers organization commitment
of State Junior High School in Tebing Tinggi
Nasrun, Dody Feliks Pandimun Ambarita ............................................................................. 500
The effectiveness of solution-focused brief counseling (SFBC) in group settings to improve
student self-control
N. Hikmah .............................................................................................................................. 506
Level of reasoning ability for eight grades student of State Junior High School
N. P. Ayu & H. Retnawati 509
Life based learning model with problem solving pattern improves student’s social behavior
N. Wachid, Y. Riyanto, Mustaji ............................................................................................ 515
Stimulate learning outcome with direct object media
N. Yuniasih & Y.Yulianti ...................................................................................................... 519
Motif batik sidoarjo as education character
P. Chirnicalia.......................................................................................................................... 524
Dharma Budaya ART Performance studio at Pasuruan City (Study of Regional Art Facts and
Activities)
P. Indra Perdana and S. Yanuartuti ........................................................................................ 528
Fine Arts Curriculum 2013 and Implementation in School
PC.S.Ismiyanto ..................................................................................................................... 535
Learning Through Playing Traditional Games To Improve The Social Emotional Skill of
Children B1 TK Pradnyandari III
P. I. Lestari, E. Prima ............................................................................................................ 540
Mind mapping strategy: Can it be combined with jigsaw?
P. Sulistyowati ....................................................................................................................... 546
Management of Internalizing Religious Values in Integrated Islamic Primary Schools (SDIT)
Iqrak I Bengkulu City
PuspaDjuwita ......................................................................................................................... 550
Implementation of graduates’ soft skills competencies in higher education in Indonesia to
face the 21st century workplace competencies.
Rachmie Sari Baso dan M. Adenuddin Alwy ........................................................................ 557
The Use of Communicative Language Teaching in Maritime English Classes
Ratnaningsih, Dyah., Novandi, Faris., Wahyuni, A.A.Istri Sri. ........................................... 560
Media Development of Dance Video to Stimulate Art and Motor Skills for Kindergarten
Students
Rindyawati,dkk. .................................................................................................................... 563
Integrated Textbook Based Multiple Intelligences Type Threaded For Students Elementary
School
R.A Devi, W. Sukartiningsih & Rusijono.............................................................................. 567
Public Perception of Mother and Child Health Services Based on Holistic Integrative Health
in East Java
R. Hasibuan ............................................................................................................................ 572
The Effectiveness of Appreciative Problem Solving Strategy to Grow Innovative Ideas
R. P. Puspitawati, L. Yuanita & Y.S. Rahayu ...................................................................... 576
The role of guidance and counseling for moral development of children in early age
R. Rachmayanie .................................................................................................................... 582
Organizational development through human process intervention for implementation
vocational educational revitalization at vocational high school
Rusdinal, R. Meizatri , W. F. Defi ........................................................................................ 587
Collaborative learning device development to improve social skills and learning outcomes in
IPS subjects for elementary school students
R. Danarti, Mustaji, & Nasution ........................................................................................... 591
The influence of cultural differences on interpersonal communication and the implications
towards peer guidance
R. Yanawati........................................................................................................................... 596
The Influence Of Flannel Pocket Media Utilization Toward The Ability Of Summation
Computation For 1st Grade Student With Hearing Impairment
Richo Surya Pradana; Rina Pancawati ................................................................................... 600
The characteristics of successful principal leadership ( Case Study Endang Binarti Successful
principal leadership in Mojokerto District )
Kuswemi, Rino Indaru ........................................................................................................... 609
Function of Ludruk Irama Budaya in the Presevation Theater Traditional
R. Jindan ................................................................................................................................ 619
The Influence of Playing Letter Puzzle on Language Development in Knowing the Letters
and Social Development of the Group A Children
S. A. Atapunang, R. Hasibuan ............................................................................................... 623
Implementation of art center to stimulate fine motor and social emotional development
S. Asiah, S. Masitoh, & S. Setyowati .................................................................................... 626
Correlation between Principal Leadership, Organizational Culture, Education and Training,
Job Satisfaction with Teacher Performance
Sugit ...................................................................................................................................... 630
Type Semut as model final exam SMK Electronic Enginerring skills competence industry
S. Jamal .................................................................................................................................. 672
Foreigner’s Cultural Arts Learning Method at Indonesian Art and Culture Scholarship
Programme
S. P. Yudhaningtyas ............................................................................................................... 686
Analysis Reception of Cosmopolitan Magazine and Fashion TV Silviana Purwanti ................................................................................................................... 691 The influence of Metacognition and E-Learning to Learning outcomes on reading English
texts
Suparlin, Luthfiyah Nurlaela, Fajar Arianto .......................................................................... 698
Development of Flip Flannel Media on the Fruit Plant Subthemes to Stimulate the
Development Fine Motor and Language for Early Childhood
S.L. Kusna, W. Sukartiningsih & B.S. Bachri ....................................................................... 703
Effect of modification futsal game against gross motor and cognitive development in
kindergarten children
S. Maulida, Siti Masitoh & Rachma Hasibuan ...................................................................... 709
Somatic Auditory Visualization Intellectual (SAVI) learning for student’s activity and
understanding
S.Santi, K. Prasetyo, W. T. Subroto ...................................................................................... 713
Influence of playing rolling ball on gross motor and social development
S. Widiasari, Mustaji & A. Mariono ...................................................................................... 717
The influence of audio visual on students’ achievement
Suparno .................................................................................................................................. 722
Integrated Learning Model as The Best Practice on Physical Fitness
Syamsuar Abbas..................................................................................................................... 729
Narrative counseling to Develop self regulation of Senior high school students in
Bandarlampung city
S. Amdani, dkk. .................................................................................................................... 737
Application of Learning Based on Developmentally Appropriate Practice on Playgroup
Children's Cognitive and Social Development Activities
S. Fuada.................................................................................................................................. 748
The role of teachers on attitudes responsibilities and independence of kindergarten children
S. Hilyati, S. Masitoh, dan A. Mariono ................................................................................. 752
Developing art and cultural learning with instructional video as media for hearing-impaired students
S. Kuswantoro, M. Masitoh & B.S. Bachri ........................................................................... 757
Binary Opposition in the Educational Study in Indonesia: Non Formal Education
Deconstructs Formal Education
S. Mardliyah dan Z. Abidin Achmad ..................................................................................... 762
Entrepreneurial attitudes as mediator of entrepreneurship learning and family environment
to increase entrepreneurial behavior
S.Saino,Y. Soesatyo, & A. Soejoto ........................................................................................ 767
The Strategy to Improve Higher-Order Thinking Skills of Students in Instructional
S. Sucipto, Mustaji & A. Maryono ........................................................................................ 773
The role of parents in developing religious and moral children
S. Sutik, Mustaji & B. S. Bachri ............................................................................................ 777
Developing learning multimedia for senior high school
Suparmi ................................................................................................................................. 781
Application of PBL with Mind Mapping Method to Increase Cognitive Learning Result of
Social Study in Fourth Grade Students
Suwaib, Y. Riyanto & W. T. Subroto .................................................................................... 786
Improving mother language skill through singing method for kindergarten Group A
S. Widayati & H. Kristiana ................................................................................................... 792
The influence in using storytelling on cartoon series as media to improve language and social
emotional skills of children at group B
S. Widiyaningrum, Mustaji & A. Mariono ............................................................................ 795
Art of Creative Exploration "T Key" In Non Formal Education
S. Z. Damayanti ..................................................................................................................... 800
The application of an assertive practice technique with role playing to decrease conformity
behavior
T. I. Pratiwi, D. P. A. Amin & W. Nuryono .......................................................................... 806
Learning model contextual teaching and learning (CTL) can improve learning results at SMA
model terpadu Bojonegoro – Indonesia T. Syaifuddin, I. Basuki and S.P. Prasetya ............................................................................ 818
Learning Decimal Numbers Students’ Fifth Grades Elementary School Within Flying Shoot
Decimal (FSD) Based Multimedia To Support Curricullum 2013
T. F. Muhammad, S. M. Amin, T. Y. E. Siswono ................................................................. 823
1 BACKGROUND Education in general can be understood as a conscious and planned effort to create an atmosphere of learning so that learners actively develop their potential to have spiritual strength, religious, self-control, personality, intelligence, mo-rality and noble character, as well as skills needed by them-selves, nation and state. Preschool education is education to assist the growth and de-velopment of the physical and spiritual development of chil-dren outside of the family environment before entering prima-ry education that held in school education path or out school education path. In research conducted by Novi Wahyu Hidayati, Martin & Hastiani (2014) on the role of guidance and counseling in maximizing the achievement of the task of development of emotional social aspect of kindergarten children proves that guidance and counseling program able to increase the task of child's emotional development of kindergarten. In the RI Law no. 20 Year 2003 Article 28 paragraph 2 states that early childhood education can be organized through for-mal education, non-formal, and informal. Early childhood formal education in the form of kindergarten, raudhatulathfal (RA) or other similar forms. Non-formal channels in the form of playgroup, and informal paths in the form of daycare or other equal form (Depdiknas, 2004: 13). Kindergarten is one form of preschool education that provides early programs for children aged four years old to enter basic education, age 6 years old. The purpose of conducting kinder-garten is to help to put the groundwork for the development of attitudes, knowledge, skills, and creativity needed by the stu-
dents in adjusting to their environment and for further growth and development. The more specific explanation of early childhood education is found in Article 28 paragraph 1 of the Law of National Edu-cation System Number 20 Year 2003 which explains that ear-ly childhood education is held for children from birth up to the age of 6 years and is not a condition for following basic educa-tion. Furthermore, in Chapter I, Article 1, paragraph 14, it is emphasized that Early Childhood Education is a coaching ef-fort aimed at children from birth up to the age of six that is done through the provision of educational stimuli to assist growth and physical and spiritual development so that chil-dren have readiness in entering higher education (Depdiknas, 2004:4).
2 RESEARCH CONTEXT Early childhood education is one form of education that focuses on laying the foundation toward growth and physical development (soft and hard coordina-tion), intelligence (thinking capacity, creativity, emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence), socio emotional (attitude, behavior and religion), language and communication in accordance with the unique-ness and stages of development that through by early age children. Early age from birth until six years old s a very deci-sive age in the formation of the character and per-sonality of a child. That age is as important age for the development of their permanent intelligence, they are also able to absorb information very high.
The role of guidance and counseling for moral development of children in early age
Ririanti Rachmayanie
Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
ABSTRACT: Kindergarten is one form of preschool education for children aged four to six years in prepara-tion to enter basic education. Guidance and counseling in kindergarten is a special assistance process given by teachers or other officers to the students in order to pay attention to the possibility of difficulties faced by the child in order to achieve optimal development. Guidance and counseling should refer to the achievement of child development tasks outlined as the purpose of coaching in kindergarten itself. Therefore, understanding of child development tasks is very useful for educators and especially for counselors. In achieving its devel-opmental tasks, early childhood does not have sufficient ability to self-directed, she should be assisted by adults around her to develop her potential optimally. Therefore, the authors identify the factors that influence the development of early childhood moral in the form of guidance and counseling services from literature studies using literature studies.
According to experts, children who are at an early age is said to be in the golden age, which at this time the child is growing rapidly and extraordinary. Since the child born, his brain cells develop extraordinarily by making connections between cells, the process that will shape the life-long and decisive experience. Elizabeth B. Hurlock (1978) stated that early child-hood (especially age 2-6 years old) is a sensitive pe-riod or sensitive period, a time when certain func-tions need to be stimulated, directed there won’t be any obstacle in its development. According to Erik-son in Hels& Turner (1994) consider this period as phase of imitative, during this period children should be encouraged to develop their initiative. The envi-ronment can help foster self-confidence and inde-pendence in order to develop their initiatives. Con-versely if it is too much reprimanded or forbidden children will be feeling guilty. Curiosity and strong enthusiasm toward everything is a prominent feature in early childhood, especially children aged 4-6 years old. Children have a strong adventure attitude such as children will pay much at-tention, ask about things they saw or heard. In addi-tion they also have a strong interest to observe the environment and the objects around them (Susanto, 2015: 43-45). From an early age, all children's intelligence needs to be developed through stimulation or stimulation through play and guidance. Through guidance ex-pected to prepare the next generation who have vari-ous capabilities for the development of themselves from an early age. The end of 20th century, the development of infor-mation and communication technology through printed and electronic media seem like taking the function of parents, society and teacher education. Globalization works very fast through media. Inter-net that all digital success to change a paradigm, the way of life and even value of life, attitude and be-havior that effected to the decreasing of morality and noble value of young generation that also decrease the character of nation. Development of science and technology give influ-ence toward behavior of early age children, where the condition is very real now day is the increasing of juvenile , aggressive behavior, lying, arrogant, rude and disrespectful, disobeying parents and teacher rules, jealous, envy, stingy and hard to pray are behavior that against social and religion norm. The development of morality value for early age children must be conducted properly. If this effort can’t be reached, so the delivery of moralitymas-sage from parents to children would meet some ob-stacle. The development of morality value for early age children can be done in three education center, they are family, school, and society. The development of morality are the change of rea-soning, feeling and behavior about standard f right and wrong. The development of morality have in-
trapersonal dimension, that set someone activity when he doesn’t involved in social interaction and intrapersonal dimension that set social interaction and conflict solving. The word morality origin from Latin word mos, means custom, habit, rules/value, or way of life. So morality define as rule, value and morality principal, people consciousness to accept and obey rules, values, and standard principle and considered as right things (Susanto, 2011:65). Piaget conclude that children pass two different steps in their way of thinking about morality. First, 4 until 7 years old children show heteronom morality which is children think that justice and rules are the world property that can’t be change and uncontrolled by people. Second, 7 until 10 years old children are in transition show some characteristics from first step morality development and as characteristic of second step, otonom morality. Start from 10 years old above children show otonom morality, they re-alize that rules and laws made by human and when asses an action they will be considering intention and consistency (Santrock, 2007:117-118). Lawrence Kohlberg emphasized that the way of thinking of morality development are in stage, and every stage have two stages. Pra conventional rea-soning is the lowest stage from morality reasoning, where good and bad are interpreting through exter-nal reward and punishment. Stage 1. Heteronom morality, in this stage morality reasoning related to punishment. Stage 2. Individualism, instrumental purpose, and exchange in this stage individual reasoning think more about themselves is a right thing and it is also occur on other people. They think what is right is something that involved equal exchange, if they are nice to other people, other people will be nice to them. Conventional Reasoning is the second stage, where individual use particular standard, however this standard is made by other people. Stage 3. Mutual interpersonal expectation, relationship with other people, and interpersonal confrontation. In this stage individual appreciate trust, attention, and loyalty to other peo-ple as base of morality judgment. Stage 4. Morality system morality, in this stage morality judgment base on the understanding about orderliness in soci-ety, laws, justice, and obligation. Postconventional reasoning is the highest stage, where individual realize there is alternative morality way, exploring this choice, the decide base on per-sonal morality code. Stage 5. Contract or social utility and individual right. In this stage individual is reasoning that values, right and principal is everything or more that laws. Stage 6. Universal ethical principal, in this stage someone al-ready develop morality standard base on universal human right. Kohlberg believe that those stages and steps happen orderly and related to age. Before 9 years old most children use stage 1 that is pra-conventional reasoning (Santrock, 2007: 119-120).
Morality development in beginning of childhood is in low stage. This thing caused by children intellectual development isn’t reach a point where they can learn and apply abstract principals about right and wrong. Children isn’t have any in-tention to follows rules because they still don’t understand the benefit of being the member of social group. Because of they don’t understand the matter of morality standard, children must learn to act in morality in every special situation. Chil-dren only learn to act without knowing the reason. Realizing that children have limited capability, morality concept that in-clude principal of “right and wrong” is an abstract concept, too heavy to understand by children (Susanto, 2011:68). Therefore, it needs time until children have mental ability that strong enough to generalizing and transferring principal to act from one situation to other situation. The ability to connecting systemic from series of rules in different situation will be de-veloping as the adding of children experience. In the process of education there are many problem faced by student as participants of education, the fact that often faced by early age children are: 2.1. Bad kids are children that have deviate behavior from
custom and habit, and even morality arrangement. The form of juvenile in early age children have many varia-tion, like without worrying to hit their friend, pulling their friend’s hair, disobeying teacher and parents order, and other unexpected behavior,
2.2. Arrogant and cocky, is behavior of underestimating and mocking friend, they think that they are the greatest and they also think that other people is below them,
2.3. Lying , that is saying something that is not fit to the truth reality,
2.4. Rude and disrespectful and also having negative habit that different from expectation,
2.5. Ignoring parents and teacher order, that is rebellious atti-tude cause by negative attitude mix with inappropriate self-adaptation or amorality,
2.6. Stubborn, that is attitude of rejecting the truth that come from outside themselves,
2.7. Stingy, jealous, envy that is attitude of too protective to their belonging and they don’t want to share it even a little to their friends,
2.8. It is difficult to ask to learn how to pray, in religion-morality view children who difficult to ask to learning how to pray is a child who is the most problematic. That is because, pray is a key of someone’s morality,
2.9. Influence by other religion ritual, phenomenon that con-sidered as taboo is children influenced by other religion ritual done by their classmate who have different religion ( Suyadi, 2009: 305).
In someone’s morality development, include early age chil-dren mostly influenced by certain factors, internal and exter-nal. Internal factor is factor by themselves and external actor is factor from out of themselves, and usually external factor is more dominant on negative side. So externally, positive poten-tials from themselves slowly faded and finally someone de-cide to act negatively, if that external factor is dominant nega-tive and influencing strongly. However, if the external factor is a conducive situation (as example moralist and religious envi-ronment), so the nature potential will be stronger and become
someone personality provisions in the next step of their life. Atrhur T. Jersild, stated that children morality development in-fluenced by several things: intellectual, social and emotional, motoric ability and psychology condition. Piaget defines children morality development mostly influ-enced by their friends. Syamsu Yusuf thinks that the most important from effect of morality development is environment factors, for early age children is parents role is very important because in early age usually children spend their times in family environment. According to Zakiah Darajad, the causal factors of today's mo-rality decreasing include: the lack of religion value on every person in society; the condition of society is less stable; the number of writings and images that disregard the morality ba-sis; lack of good moral education; lack of parental awareness of the importance of early morality education; the number of people neglecting noble character; unstable family condition; lack of guidance on how to spend leisure time and lack of place of counseling service (Susanto, 2015: 378). While the impact that will arise on the child if the lack of mo-rality value investment include: 2.1. Children dare to do immoral acts without burden, 2.2. Alienation of children cause shunned by his friends,
therefore he will put a sense of hatred to anyone who stay away from him,
2.3. Children will lose ethics, 2.4. Children won’t serve their parents, 2.5. Children become taboo of transcendental and spiritual
values, children do not have strong moral standards, 2.6. The possibility of religious conversion in later. Responding to the problems above the existence of guidance and counseling in early childhood education (kindergarten) is needed, because many of problematic behavior experienced by learners. This resulted in the potential contained in the child can’t develop optimally. Guidance and counseling during this time seemed only to overcome the students who have problems alone, whereas guidance and counseling also help achieve all aspects of stu-dent development. Both academic aspects, talents and inter-ests, emotional, social interaction, adjustment, and self-discovery, would be better if directed early in order to achieve all aspects of the maximum development of learners. From all of that, this is where we need teachers of counseling and counseling in early childhood to help identifying the prob-lem and to help achieving all aspects of early childhood de-velopment. Guidance and counseling in kindergarten should refer to the achieving of children development in line as the training pur-pose in kindergarten itself. Therefore, understanding of chil-dren development tasks is very useful for educators especially for counselors. According to Havighurst in Furqon (2005: 18) states that the task of development is the task that arises in a certain period in individual life, which if it is successful will lead to a sense of happiness and lead to success in carrying out next tasks, while failure in carrying out the task will cause un-happiness, rejection by society and difficulty to face tasks in the next phase. The task of development of infancy and early childhood are: learn to eat solid foods; learn to walk; learn to speak;
learn to control the disposal of body waste; learn the difference between sex and its procedure; prepare to read and learn to distinguish right and wrong, and begin to develop conscience (Hurlock, 1993: 10). In achieving its developmental tasks, early age chil-dren don’t have sufficient ability to self-directed, they should be assisted by adults around them to de-velop their potential optimally. Therefore guidance in early childhood requires the active role of all par-ties related to the child (teacher, principal, parents). Synergistic cooperation is required, so that the guid-ance process can be implemented consistently, in harmony, and in line. Thus, children have relatively similar pattern of coaching.
3 CONCLUSIONS The guidance model directed to instill moral in chil-dren, one of them is a comprehensive counseling guidance model, which is a model of guidance given to all children as individuals and not just children who face problems. Comprehensive guidance is also intended as a guidance covering all aspects of devel-opment, unified guidance in all educational activi-ties, carried out through routine, spontaneous, pro-grammed, and by example, and through habituation. As for character education is necessary in order to teach children moraliteracy to prevent them from engaging in immoral behavior. Ministry of National Education (2010) set 18 values in the development of cultural education and character of the nation. Eighteen values in character education are: religious, honest, tolerance, discipline, hard work, creative, in-dependent, democratic, curiosity, The spirit of na-tionalism, the love of the homeland, appreciating achievement, friendly/communicative, peace loving, love to reading, environmental care, social care, and responsibilities (Susanto, 2015 : 386-387). Other alternatives in guidance to face the problems experienced by learners can be through multicultural guidance and counseling services, which with a mul-ticultural approach is very appropriate for plural cul-tural environment such as in Indonesia. Guidance and counseling is done on the basis of Bhineka Tunggal Ika, that is, the similarity above the diversi-ty of Indonesian cultural values is manifestly able to create a harmonious life with pluralistic conditions (Risaldy, 2014: 149). Parents and teachers as early childhood counselors should be able to have strategies in fostering chil-dren,they are: First, the ability to captivate the feel-ings or emotions of students, especially those who are experiencing problems. With such an enchanting appearance, it is expected that the troubled children will be amazed and imaged the figure as a whole person who is ready to alleviate all problem honest-ly, sincerely, and selflessly. Second, calmness in fac-ing problems.Physical calmness will be able to make troubled children put a great confidence that parents
and teachers can overcome the problems faced. Third, ability to empathize deeply. Parents or teach-ers should be able to put the problems raised in the child, so parents and teacherable to feel what the learners feel (Suyadi, 2009: 336-337). At the same time, this charming, calmness, early-childhood counselor should not be dissolved and sink into his own feelings. Counselors can differen-tiate as well as overcome these problems, this is called the ability to empathize deeply. By some approach strategy guidance and counseling model in conducting coaching to early age children, it is expected to alleviate the problems experienced by the learners, so that the purpose of guidance in developing all aspects of development in early childhood is achieved.
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