organizational patterns
DESCRIPTION
Organizational Patterns. Reading. Professor Charlene Koonin. What are Organizational Patterns?. Parts fitting together to create a whole. Why Do Writers Use Organizational Patterns?. Creates cohesiveness Connects Main Ideas and Details Helps readers understand - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Organizational Organizational PatternsPatterns
ReadingReadingProfessor Charlene Koonin
What are What are Organizational Patterns?Organizational Patterns?
Parts fitting together to create a wholeParts fitting together to create a whole
Why Do WritersWhy Do Writers Use Organizational Use Organizational Patterns?Patterns?
Creates cohesivenessCreates cohesiveness Connects Main Ideas and DetailsConnects Main Ideas and Details Helps readers understandHelps readers understand Maintains audience interestMaintains audience interest Avoids digressionsAvoids digressions
How Do PatternsHow Do Patterns Benefit Readers? Benefit Readers?
Follow an author’s ideasFollow an author’s ideas Focus on the main ideaFocus on the main idea See relationship between detailsSee relationship between details Make predictions about the next Make predictions about the next
detailsdetails Remember informationRemember information
What Else About What Else About Patterns?Patterns? Used in expository and Used in expository and
informative writinginformative writing Determined by the author’s Determined by the author’s
purpose purpose Can have single or multiple Can have single or multiple
patterns within a single patterns within a single paragraphparagraph
Contain Signal Words Contain Signal Words
•SIMPLE LISTING
•CAUSE -- EFFECT
•STATEMENT & CLARIFICATION
•DEFINITION/EXPLANATION
•COMPARISON/CONTRAST
•CLASSIFICATION
•Summary
•Organizational Patterns
•Generalization- Illustration•/example
What is a Simple What is a Simple Listing Pattern ?Listing Pattern ?
Details given in Details given in list order•CHRONOLOGICAL--TIME ORDER- SEQUENCE
•ENUMERATION—ADDITION- SIMPLE LIST
•SPATIAL/PLACE•ORDER OF IMPORTANCE
CHRONOLOGICALTIME ORDER
7:00 PM11:10 AM 3:10 PM
Chronological Time Order. The major supporting details occur in a very specific sequence. The order of the details can NOT be interchanged.
Signal WordsSignal Words
• First, second, and so First, second, and so on; next, then, today, on; next, then, today, yesterday, finally, yesterday, finally, 1991,1992, after, 1991,1992, after, before previously before previously once, meanwhileonce, meanwhile
ChronologicalChronological
ADDITION, ENUMERATIONSIMPLE LIST
Addition, Enumeration, Simple List. The major supporting details occur in ANY sequence. The order of the details CAN be interchanged.
EnumerationEnumeration Signal Words Signal Words
Also, in addition Also, in addition further, another further, another furthermore, furthermore, moreover, moreover, besides,a besides,a number ofnumber of
Spatial Simple ListSpatial Simple List
Spatial Simple List is when the major supporting details list how places or objects are related to each other in a given area or space.The passage gives details about the location of geographical areas or the relationship of objects to each other.
Spatial Spatial Signal Words Signal Words To the right, to the left, on top, above, To the right, to the left, on top, above,
under, below, inside, next tounder, below, inside, next to North, South, East, WestNorth, South, East, West
Order of ImportanceOrder of Importance Signal Words Signal Words Most importantMost important
Less importantLess important
Least importantLeast important
What is a Cause and What is a Cause and Effect Organizational Effect Organizational Pattern?Pattern?
CauseCause• What makes something happenWhat makes something happen• What leads to the eventWhat leads to the event• What causes the eventWhat causes the event
EffectEffect• Results of the actionResults of the action• ConsequencesConsequences
Cause and Effect Cause and Effect Signal Words Signal Words
CauseCause• Because, since, as, the reason for this, a Because, since, as, the reason for this, a
causecause EffectEffect
• As a result, thus, consequently, so, As a result, thus, consequently, so, hence, therefore, one outcome, an effecthence, therefore, one outcome, an effect
CombinedCombined• If (cause), then (effect)If (cause), then (effect)
Cause results in
effect
What is aWhat is a Clarification Pattern? Clarification Pattern? Saying the same thing a number of Saying the same thing a number of
waysways Examining its meaning a second, third, Examining its meaning a second, third,
or fourth time in attempt to make clearor fourth time in attempt to make clear Referred to asReferred to as statementstatement and and
clarification/EXAMLPEclarification/EXAMLPE or or generalization generalization and clarification/EXAMPLEand clarification/EXAMPLE
Signal Words Signal Words ClearlyClearly In other wordsIn other words As a matter of As a matter of
factfact EvidentlyEvidently IndeedIndeed
In factIn fact ObviouslyObviously Of courseOf course TooToo
ClarificationClarification
What is a Definition What is a Definition And Explanation Pattern?And Explanation Pattern? Explains or describes a topic, idea, Explains or describes a topic, idea,
or process that the author thinks or process that the author thinks unclearunclear
Sounds like a dictionary entrySounds like a dictionary entry Includes classification sometimesIncludes classification sometimes Elaborates on an explanationElaborates on an explanationW
ebste
r
Definition and Definition and ExplanationExplanation Signal Words Signal Words
is, is, in other words, in other words, refers to,refers to, meansmeans
What is the Comparison What is the Comparison and Contrast Pattern?and Contrast Pattern? Shows similarities (comparisons)Shows similarities (comparisons) Shows differences (contrasts)Shows differences (contrasts)
Comparison and Contrast Comparison and Contrast Signals Signals Words Words ComparisonComparison
• In the same way, In the same way, similarly, likewise, similarly, likewise, both,both,
in comparisonin comparison
ContrastContrast• Although, on the Although, on the
other hand, other hand, however, on the however, on the contrary, but, contrary, but, instead, instead, conversely, conversely,
in contrast, yet, in contrast, yet, unlikeunlike
What is aWhat is aClassification Pattern?Classification Pattern?
Groups or Groups or categorizes categorizes individual members individual members according to shared according to shared characteristics that characteristics that exist or the writer exist or the writer createscreates
Classification Classification Signal Signal Words Words KindsKinds TypesTypes CategoriesCategories GroupsGroups SortsSorts
SummarySummary A summary is a series of brief, concise A summary is a series of brief, concise
statements. These statements should statements. These statements should include the authors main idea and include the authors main idea and major supporting details. Minor major supporting details. Minor supporting details should not be supporting details should not be included in a summary.included in a summary.
To summarize this presentation we will To summarize this presentation we will revisit the main points in the next revisit the main points in the next slide.slide.
The Writer’s The Writer’s Organizational Patterns Organizational Patterns RevisitedRevisited Simple ListingSimple Listing Cause and EffectCause and Effect Statement &Statement & ClarificationClarification Generalization-Generalization- Illustration/Illustration/ ExampleExample
Definition/Definition/ ExplanationExplanation Comparison/Comparison/ ContrastContrast ClassificationClassification SummarySummary