organizational competences for open innovation
Post on 17-Oct-2014
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This is a presentation of intermediary results from a German R&D project about "Open Innovation and Organizational Competences"TRANSCRIPT
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Organizational Competences for Open Innovation in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises of the Digital Economy
Joachim Hafkesbrink innowise GmbH Duisburg, 7.12.09
„Competences Development and Process Support in Open Innovation Networks of the Digital Economy through Knowledge Modeling and Analysis“
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Index
Methodological Background
A spotlight on the Digital Economy – proponents of Open Innovation
How to define Open Innovation in the Digital Economy
Linking Open Innovation and Competences
Linking Organizational and Individual Competences
Concluding remarks: some hypotheses on the future of Open Innovation in the Digital Economy
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Methodological Background
Underlying Methodology and Informational Background
• Literature on Open Innovation
• Conferences attendance ISPIM 2008 (Tours) and 2009 (Vienna)
• Consultancy and Research on New Business Models in the Digital Economy/ New Media Industry
• Four in-depth longitudinal case studies within the KOPIWA project („Competences Development and Process Support in Open Innovation Networks of the Digital Economy through Knowledge Modeling and Analysis“)
• Online questionnaire (investigation within the BVDW – German Professional Association of the Digital Economy)
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multiple digital segments
A spotlight on the Digital Economy – proponents of Open Innovation (1)
Source: www.newmediaranking.de OVK Online Report 2009/02 Overview of figures and trends (ed. BVDW 2009)
„steady growth even in the crisis“ „highly dynamic project driven business“
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A spotlight on the Digital Economy – proponents of Open Innovation (2)
Technology and Market Convergence need for collaborative innovation
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A spotlight on the Digital Economy – proponents of Open Innovation (3)
Games, BlueRay-Player,
Internet
+ ???
Playstation 3
Examples of technology convergence
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How to define Open Innovation in the Digital Economy? (1)
“Open Innovation focuses on how to combine different competences or technological capabilities whether they are inside or outside the firm and apply them to commercial ends.” (Lazzarotti/Manzini 2009; Vanhaverbeke/Cloodt/Van de Vrande 2008)
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How to define Open Innovation in the Digital Economy? (2)
Facets of Open Innovation in the Digital Economy:
Bottom-up: e.g. starter-kernel / common programming context (e.g. tools, languages, environments, etc), but no common project, a common goal or a common organizational context of production (e.g. Yahoo! Developer Network or programming discussion forums like http://php-forum.com/; and code sharing sites e.g., http://snipplr.com/)
Top down:decisive common project context and programming goal , a centralized authority with control over the code base, organized in star-shaped networks with developers only communicating to one central hub.
Development (Open Technology):technological development, where collaboration is more or less open to all and the innovative source technology is shared, licensed etc. between stakeholders to develop software programs or applications for different fields
Application (Open Content): application development based on one or more technologies e.g. to enable and stimulate collaborative innovation and open business models that i.a. allow for crowd-sourcing in different application fields (e.g. social software applications like Web 2.0 platforms)
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How to define Open Innovation in the Digital Economy? (3)
Examples of Open Innovation in the Digital Economy:
OSS
MyS
QL
Open Design
Yahoo! Pipes
Apache Commons
Examples of Open Innovation in the KOPIWA project:
Case Study „Mobile
CMS“
Case
Stu
dy
Open
SIM
Case Study User
GeneratedLearning SnippetsLinkedIn
MySpace Facebook
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Linking Open Innovation and Competences (1)
Macro-level (society, regulatory framework)
Meso-level
(sector environment)
Micro-level (firm level) Capacity to act
Experience
Knowledge/Skills
• Mastery• Proficiency
• Vantage• Threshold
• Waystage• breakthrough
Organizationalreadiness
Collaborative capability
Individual Compe-tences
Capabilityto act
Experience
Skills
Absorptive Capacity
Organizational Competences
Success CriteriaEffectiveness
Efficiency
measured against
Open Innovation Competences Model
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Linking Open Innovation and Competences (2)
Macro-level
Technology convergence
Regulatory Push
Diffusion of Enabling Technologies (mobile devices,
broadband)
Interaction between B2C, C2C, C2G ….,
„Prosumers“New Lifestyles, Individualisation
Meso-level
Changes in supply chains
Networking
Communities
Micro-level
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Linking Open Innovation and Competences (3)
Organizational Competences for Open Innovation
Requirements based on comprehensive literature research (> 100 sources)
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Linking Open Innovation and Competences (4)
Moving from closed to open innovation: the challenge
Closed Innovation (Innovation 1.0)
Open Innovation (Innovation 2.0)
Internal R&D
Control over everything
Siloed mind-set
Collaboration = threat
Internal & external R&D
Laisser faire controlling
open mind-set
Collaboration = opportunity
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Innovation 2.0
Linking Open Innovation and Competences (5)
Different Perspectives of Organizational Competences
Innovation 1.0
Structural View• Infrastructure
• Policy
• Culture
Process View• Unfreezing
• Moving
• Freezing
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10 Golden rules to kill (Open) Innovation:
• Distrust all ideas coming from inferior levels and insist on approvals of superior levels!• Treat employees communicating external as a betrayers and always endorse the NIH
syndrome!• Encourage reciprocal criticism!• Critizise without restraint and disable acclamations!• Treat disclosure of problems as blunder!• Always be in full control of everything!• Make reorganization decisions underhand and implement them abruptly!• Always ask for accurate justifications of information inquiries (who wants to know
what?)!• Above all delegate savings programs!• Don’t forget that you, as an incumbent of a superior level, still are aware of the most
important things in your business and nobody else!
Linking Open Innovation and Competences (6)
Unfreezing ( to slacken crusted organizational structures and processes)
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Dynamic change capabilities
overcome routines
install philosophy of constant change
improve self-organization ability
install continuous learning
improve responsiveness to uncertainty and ambiguity
Linking Open Innovation and Competences (7)
Moving (1) ( to configurate trials, working in a new way, gaining trust and commitment)
Effective organizational structures and processes
Install heterarchical and ad-hoc structures
Build cross-functional interfaces
Provide enabling spaces
Develop dedicated rewarding systems
Enable decentralized decision making
Cultural openess
Open up borderlines, communication and mindsets
Develop identification and institutionally based trust
Install knowledge friendly organizational structures
Set up participative structures
Admit high level of fault tolerance
Supportive technological enhancement
Introduce techniques to enable adductive thinking
Install interactive collaboration tools
Improve ability to use (collaboration) software for web interaction and knowledge elicitation
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Linking Open Innovation and Competences (8)
Internal collaboration
Enable internal networks to acquire external know how
coordinate knowledge exchange across boundaries
synergetically integrate creative capacities
Networking capabilities
leverage individual and company network
balance strong and weak ties
manage serial, pooled or mutual inter-dependencies
increase networking reputation, goodwill & trust
induce synergetic interactions with universities, suppliers and users
· ability of balancing transaction value and costs
ability to leverage intermediary services for outside-in and inside-out processes
outside-in/inside-out collaboration
bridge the cognitive distance between external and internal knowledge
increase proximity to innovation partners
develop gate-keeper competences
enforce co-ideation, co-design and co-development capabilities
strenghten active user involvement capability
Moving (2) ( to configurate trials, working in a new way, gaining trust and commitment)
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Linking Open Innovation and Competences (9)
Re-Freezing ( to enable new organizational competences in ...)
identification of technological opportunities, i.e.
the ability to identify sources and gaining access to external and internal knowledge/ technologies
elicitation and assimilation, i.e.
the ability to recognize compatibility of external and internal knowledge/ technologies
understanding/transforming, i.e.
the ability to acquire, adjust and integrate external knowledge/technology into the product / services development
sharing/disseminating/exploitation, i.e.
the ability to valorize integrated knowledge towards the market
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Linking Organizational and Individual Competences
readiness collaboration absorption Etc.
Individual Competences
Organizational Competences
Research Question in KOPIWA: what are important individual competences that lever the organizational capability for Open Innovation in the Digital Economy?
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1. The properties of digital technologies favor Open Innovation in the Digital Economy, with attributes of being distributed, collaborative, interactive and often systemic.
2. The shift to Open Innovation in the Digital Economy is – in contrast to other industry segments – an ongoing natural and evolutionary development, nothing special but still challenging.
3. In future the challenges of Open Innovation will increase as a result of diminuishing threshholds in using enabling technologies by a broader community of prosumers of digital products and services (swarm intelligence).
4. Swarm intelligence and increasing convergence of digital technologies rises additional requirements in terms of complex organizational and individual competences beyond professional skills, especially to develop new business models.
5. The Digital Economy is therefore desperately in need for a smart, prospective and responsive competences monitoring system. KOPIWA is the first step in that direction.
Some Hypotheses on Open Innovation in the Digital Economy
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Some Hypotheses on Open Innovation in the Digital Economy
By the Way: Crowdsourcing is not....
Contact:
Joachim Hafkesbrink
Innowise gmbh
Bürgerstr. 15
47057 Duisburg