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MASTER PROGRAMS Spring Semester

2008/2009

COURSE SYLLABUS

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR IN CROSS-CULTURAL CONTEXT

Instructor: Tatiana E.Andreeva, Ph.D., Senior Lecturer, Organizational Behavior and Human Resources Management Department, GSOM, e-mail: andreeva@som.pu.ru Organization of the course Program Master in International Business Year 1-st year Course status Core Workload 6 ECTS, 45 hours of classes Prerequisites Undergraduate course in Organizational Behavior. For students

who did not have this course, additional readings on organizational behavior are recommended (any basic textbook for the course, for example, “Organizations: Behavior, Structure, Processes” by J.L.Gibson, J.M.Ivancevich and J.H.Donnelly Jr.)

Teaching methods The course will be based on interactive teaching style with intensive student participation. This course does not have separate seminars, it is supposed to intertwine lectures with various types of activities that stimulate student’s thinking and develop their cross-cultural skills, such as individual exercises, group discussions, class discussions, case discussions, simulation games and student presentations (group projects). Classes are supplemented by readings.

Course objectives

The aim of the course is to provide students with the understanding of diverse nature of organizational behavior in the global context, that is:

to acquaint students with important theoretical perspectives on organizational behavior,

to enhance their awareness of cross-cultural issues, to train students to apply these perspectives through analysis of cases from different

cultural contexts and to develop their skills as future global managers.

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Course content

All the topics covered within the course are arranged into three parts.

Part I. Introduction and key theoretical concepts (16 hrs)

Topic 1. Introduction to culture (4 hrs)

Topic 2. Culture and organizational behavior (8 hrs)

Topic 3. Culture in management sciences (4 hrs)

Part II. Key aspects of organizational behavior in cross-cultural context (18 hrs)

Topic 4. Individual in organization (4 hrs)

Topic 5. Groups and teams in organization (4 hrs)

Topic 6. Leadership in organization (2 hrs)

Topic 7. Communications in organization (4 hrs)

Topic 8. Corporate culture (2 hrs)

Topic 9. Organizational structure and management systems (2 hrs)

Part III. Organizational behavior in various cultural contexts: applied analysis (12 hrs)

Topic 10. Developing practical skills for work in the cross-cultural context (6 hrs)

Topic 11. Cross-cultural issues and topical management problems (6 hrs)

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Plan of classes Part I. Introduction and key theoretical concepts

Topic 1. Introduction to culture (4 hrs) Class 1 16.02.2009 13.00 - 14.30 14.45 - 16.15 Auditorium

Key points: Introduction to the course: aims, contents, evaluation system, Definitions of culture. Culture concept in management sciences: different approaches Cultural differences: problem or advantage.

Learning outcomes: Understanding of the concept of “culture” Capability to compare different concepts of culture, discuss their

advantages and disadvantages Assignments for class 2:

Reading # 1, 2, 3 from Readings’ list NB! This section includes only conceptual readings. Some mini-cases as another form of home assigned readings may be distributed in the class.

Topic 2. Culture and organizational behavior (8 hrs)

Class 2. 02.03.2009 13.00 - 14.30 14.45 - 16.15 Auditorium

Key points: Specifics of organizational behavior in various cultural

contexts. Key factors determining these specifics. Various cultural contexts: regional, national, industry,

professional, corporate cultures. Learning outcomes:

Understanding of basic framework for cultural analysis Capability to identify various cultural contexts in particular

situation Awareness of the student’s own cultural spheres of influence

Assignments for class 3: Reading:

## 4, 5 from readings’ list Project work:

Students have to form groups for their group project. Groups have to be submitted before March, 5. Details of group project assignment are provided in Appendix 1 of this syllabus.

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Topic 3. Culture in management sciences (4 hrs)

Class 3. 16.03.2009 13.00 - 14.30 14.45 - 16.15 Auditorium

Key points: Key dimensions of culture and resulting organizational

behavior. Various typologies of national cultures: Kluckhon, Hall,

Hofstede, Trompenaars, GLOBE project. Advantages and problems of these typologies.

Learning outcomes: Knowledge of key typologies (dimensions) of national cultures Capability to compare different typologies of culture, discuss

their advantages and disadvantages Awareness of the student’s own cultural profile

Assignments for class 4: Reading:

## 6, 7, 8 from readings’ list Project work:

Students have to finalize project proposal reports. Submission deadline – March, 22.

Class 4. 23.03.2009 13.00 - 14.30 14.45 - 16.15 Auditorium

Key points: Cultural influence on theory building in social sciences. Universality and culture-specificity concepts. Cultural stereotypes and paradoxes. Current trends in international/cross-cultural research.

Learning outcomes: Understanding of cultural influence on theory building Capability to analyse cultural roots of various management

concepts Knowledge of current trends in cross-cultural research Capability to reflect on cultural biases of the student’s own

master thesis research Assignments for class 5:

Reading: ## 9 & 10 from readings’ list

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Part II. Key aspects of organizational behavior in cross-cultural context. Topic 4. Individual in organization (4 hrs)

Topic 5. Groups and teams in organization (4 hrs)

Class 5 30.03.2009 13.00 - 14.30 14.45 - 16.15 Auditorium

Key points: Efficient individual in cross-cultural context. Concept of cultural intelligence (CQ). Head, body and heart

facets of cultural intelligence. Career in global organization. Culture shock and acculturation.

Re-entry culture shock. Learning outcomes:

Understanding of the features that make an individual efficient in cross-cultural context

Knowledge of CQ concept Understanding of key challenges that an individual faces in

developing his/her career in global organization Understanding of culture shock and reverse culture shock

models Assignments for class 6:

Reading: ## 11 & 12 from readings’ list Some additional readings for Prof. Susan Schneider class may be assigned.

Class 6. 06.04.2009 14.45 -16.15 16.30 – 18.00 Auditorium

Guest lecture by Prof. Susan Schneider, HEC Geneva Tentative outline of the class: Key points:

Types of diversity in teams. Cultural diversity’s impact on teams.

Conditions for high-performing multicultural teams. Management of culturally diverse teams.

Social identity theory and its applications. Learning outcomes:

Understanding of multicultural team’s dynamics Knowledge of social identity theory. Skills for efficient work in and management of multicultural

teams Assignments for class 7:

Reading: # 13 from readings’ list

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Topic 6. Leadership in organization (2 hrs)

Topic 7. Communications in organization (4 hrs)

Topic 8. Corporate culture (2 hrs)

Class 7. 13.04.2009 14.45 - 16.15 Auditorium

Key points: Successful leadership in the context of globalization and

diversity. Learning outcomes:

Understanding of features that make a leader efficient in multicultural context

Assignments for class 8: Reading:

## 14-15 from readings’ list

Class 8. 20.04.2009 14.45-16.15 16.30-18.00 Auditorium

Key points: Cultural factors in communication. Language and culture. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. Language

and social context. Nonverbal dimension of cross-cultural communications.

Learning outcomes: Understanding of cultural influence on communication process Awareness of student’s own non-verbal communication

preferences Assignments for class 9:

Reading: ## 16, 17, 18 from readings’ list

Class 9-1. 04.05.2009 14.45-16.15 Auditorium

Key points: Relations between corporate and national culture. Corporate culture in multicultural settings. Dimensions of corporate culture (Hofstede’s typology)

Learning outcomes: Understanding of interrelationship between corporate and

national culture Knowledge of Hofstede’s typology of corporate cultures

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Topic 9. Organizational structure and management systems (2 hrs)

Part III. Organizational behavior in various cultural contexts: applied analysis (12 hrs) Topic 10. Developing practical skills for work in the cross-cultural context (6 hrs)

Class 9-2. 04.05.2009 16.30-18.00 Auditorium

Key points: Variations in management systems (organizational structure,

planning and control systems, etc.) depending on cultural context.

Learning outcomes: Understanding of influence of culture on management system

within a company Development of skills to analyze elements of management

system through culture lenses Assignments for class 10:

Reading: to refresh readings # 5 & 6 from readings’ list

Project work: Finalization of group project reports. Report submission deadline: May, 5.

Class 10. 11.05.2009 14.45-16.15 16.30-18.00 Auditorium

Key points: Simulation game “Windmills of our minds”

Learning outcomes: Development of skills to identify and analyze various cultural

contexts involved in particular situation Assignments for class 11:

Project work: Finalization of self-reflection reports and blind reviews. Submission deadline: May, 12.

Assignments for class 12: Reading:

## 19 & 20 from readings’ list

Class 11-1. 13 - 15.05.2009 Date and time to be confirmed later Auditorium

Key points: Presentations of students’ group projects (video conference with

HEC Geneva) Learning outcomes:

Development of skills to apply course concepts to identify and analyze various cultural contexts involved in particular situation

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Topic 11. Cross-cultural issues and topical management problems (6 hrs)

NB! Minor readjustments may apply.

Office hours for individual consultations:

Calendar plan of current and final evaluation Submission of sub-groups March, 5 Announcement of virtual group members March, 6 Submission of project proposal (qualified for GSOM mid-term evaluation) March, 22

Announcement of mid-term evaluation results April, 3, by email Submission of final group project paper (scenario + teaching note) May, 5

Mail-out of reports for a blind review May, 6 Submission of self-reflection group project report and a blind review May, 12

Video-conference with presentation of the best group projects

May, 13-15 (exact date and time – to be confirmed later)

Announcement of coursework results May, 25, by email Pre-exam consultation: May, 29, 13.00 – 14.30 Exam: June, 1, 13.00 – 14.30 Announcement of exam results: June, 4

Class 11-2. 15.05.2009 14.45 - 16.15 Auditorium

Key points: Analysis of cultural context: example of Russia

Learning outcomes: Development of skills to apply course concepts to identify and

analyze various cultural contexts Assignments for class 12:

Reading: ## 19 & 20 from readings’ list

Class 12. 18.05.2009 14.45-16.15 16.30-18.00 Auditorium

Key points: Application of the course concepts to analysis of topical

management issues: organizational change management, M&A management, knowledge management

Learning outcomes: Development of skills to identify cultural factors within various

management issues

Tatiana Andreeva, individual consultations by email andreeva@gsom.pu.ru , face-to-face consultations – by prior appointment

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Evaluation system

Forms of current evaluation: mid-term group project assignment and regular coursework. Details are provided further in this section

Form of final evaluation: written exam

Grading policy

The final grading is composed as follows: o Group project – 30% o Regular coursework – 10% o Final exam – 60%

Group project assignment - details are provided in the Appendix 1 of this syllabus. Grading details of the group project are as follows:

Group project proposal is graded on “passed/failed” basis and qualifies for GSOM mid-term assessment. Blind peer review is graded on “passed/failed” basis and “passed” is a prerequisite to get the credit for the group project Participation of all members of the group in the video-conference class with presentations of best group projects is a prerequisite to get the credit for the group project The final grade for the group project is composed as follows:

o Scenario and teaching note – 70% o Self-reflection report – 30%

Regular coursework includes class participation, preparation for classes (readings) and

participation in class discussions. Evaluation will be done on the following basis: it is assumed that a student taking this course will follow the regular coursework at his/her best and will receive his/her 10% for this component of the grading. If the student fails to meet this expectation, he/she receives “minus point” (e.g. does not show in the class without valid reason and prior notification, or does not prepare for the class as assigned). Three (3) “minus points”, received during the semester, result in the total annulment of these 10%.

NB! If student has a valid reason not to show in the class, he/she needs to notify the instructor about this by email (andreeva@gsom.pu.ru) as early as possible.

Please, note, that the course workload (6 ECTS) implies intensive student homework (both

in the form of readings and group project development). Exam is held as a written test. It is based on all course issues and materials.

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Required readings This section represents full list of readings, organized by course topics. There are 4 sources of the readings:

GSOM library (mostly refers to chapters from books). Such readings are marked with (L) in the list of readings.

EBSCO electronic database (ask in GSOM library for details). Such readings are marked with (E).

Various open databases available via Internet. For such readings, internet path is indicated. Some more readings will be distributed in the class. They are marked with (H).

Part I. Introduction. Topic 1. Introduction to culture

1. Berger, P.L., Luckmann, T. “Origins of institutionalization”, paragraph from “Society as an objective reality: 1. Institutionalization”, in The Social Construction of Reality, Ch.2, 1967, London: Allen Lane The Penguin Press, pp. 70-85 (in Redding G., Stening B.W. (eds) Cross-cultural management. An Elgar Reference Collection, Cheltenham, UK, 2003. Volume I, pp.144-159). (L) NB! There are only 2 copies of this book in the library, so students are strongly advised to read/make their copy well in advance.

Topic 2. Culture and organizational behavior

2. Mercado S., Welford R., Prescott K. “European business”, Prentice Hall, 2001. Ch.10, “Frameworks for cultural analysis”, pp. 435-446. (L)

3. Schneider, S., Barsoux, J.-L. ”Managing across cultures”. Ch.3, pp. 46-75. (L) 4. Hofstede G. Motivation, Leadership and Organization: Do American Theories Apply

Abroad? // Organizational Dynamics. – 1980. - Summer 1980. – pp. 42-63. (E) 5. Trompenaars F. “Cultural factors in international management”. From “Handbook of

management”. Pp.669 – 684. (H) 6. McSweeney B. Hofstede’s model of national cultural differences and their consequences: a

triumph of faith – a failure of analysis. // Human Relations. – 2002. - Vol.55, № 1. – pp.89-118. (available from http://www.it.murdoch.edu.au/~sudweeks/b329/readings/mcsweeney.doc )

7. Hofstede G. Dimensions do not exist: A reply to Brendan McSweeney. // Human Relations. – 2002. - Vol.55, № 1. – p.1355-1361. (available from http://www.geert-hofstede.com/dimBSGH.pdf ) (E)

8. Fink G., Kölling M., Neyer A.-K. The Cultural Standard Method, Wirtschaftsuniversität Wien, Working Papers, Nr. 62, January 2005. Table 1 “Overview of culture dimensions research”, pp.7-8. (H)

Topic 3. Culture in management sciences

9. Hofstede, G. An American in Paris: The Influence of Nationality on Organization Theories. // Organization Studies (Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG.), 1996, Vol.17, No.3, pp.525-537. (E)

Part II. Key aspects of organizational behavior in cross-cultural context. Topic 4. Individual in organization

10. Earley, Ch., Mosakowski, E. “Cultural Intelligence”/ Harvard Business Review, October 2004, p.139-146. (E)

11. Sims, R.H.; Schraeder, M. “An Examination of Salient Factors Affecting Expatriate Culture Shock”.// Journal of Business & Management, Spring2004, Vol. 10 Issue 1, p73-87. (E)

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Topic 5. Groups and teams in organization 12. Schneider, S., Barsoux, J.-L. ”Managing across cultures”. Ch.8, pp. 181-208. (L)

Topic 6. Leadership in organization 13. Brodbeck F., Frese M. “Cultural variations of leadership prototypes across 22 countries”

//Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. 73, 1-29,2000 (E) Topic 7. Communications in organization

14. Munter, M. “Cross-cultural communication for managers”. // Business Horizons, May/Jun93, Vol. 36 Issue 3, pp.69 – 78. (E)

15. Henderson, J.K. “Language Diversity in International Management Teams” // International Studies of Management & Organization, Spring2005, Vol. 35 Issue 1, pp.66-82. (E)

Topic 8. Corporate culture

16. Mercado S., Welford R., Prescott K. “European business”, Prentice Hall, 2001. Ch.10, Table 10.6 (p. 468) (H)

Topic 9. Organizational structure and management systems

17. Schneider, S., Barsoux, J.-L. ”Managing across cultures”. Ch.4., pp. 77-105. (L) 18. Mercado S., Welford R., Prescott K. “European business”, Prentice Hall, 2001. Ch.10, Table

10.5 (p.466) (H) Part III. Organizational behavior in various cultural contexts: applied analysis. Topic 11. Cross-cultural issues and topical management problems

19. Cartwright, S.; Cooper, C.L. “The role of culture compatibility in successful organizational marriage” // Academy of Management Executive, May1993, Vol. 7 Issue 2. Pp. 57-71. (E)

20. Javidan, M.; Stahl, G.K.; Brodbeck, F.; Wilderom, C.P. “Cross-border transfer of knowledge: Cultural lessons from Project GLOBE”. // Academy of Management Executive, May2005, Vol. 19 Issue 2, pp.59-76. (E)

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Appendix 1 Virtual group project assignment

As a part of the courses “Organizational Behavior in Cross-Cultural Context” (GSOM) and “Managing Across Cultures” (HEC Geneva), students should fulfill a virtual group project work. Group project description and requirements are provided below.

Key objective of the virtual group project is to gain deeper insight on cultural issues related to an international collaboration. More specifically, the project aims to help you develop cultural self-awareness and improve your competencies of working in multicultural teams.

Project work task You work for a Swiss-Russian joint-venture specialized in intercultural management training -

Cross Cultural Learning & Development (CCL&D). One of your clients, a Fortune 500 company, has asked your team to prepare training on managing cultural differences. CCL&D is known for its innovative approach to training, especially in creating scenarios wherein different strategies for managing cultural differences are illustrated. Your training is composed of two parts: a scenario and a teaching note.

CCL&D involves trainers from two offices of the company, located in Geneva and St. Petersburg, for this task. Thus, your joint-venture team has two additional challenges that need to be reconciled within this project. First, as your team members have different cultural background, members have to tackle managing differences within the team itself while accomplishing the task. Secondly, communication with some team members is limited to virtual channels only; therefore, the limited communication adds further complexity. Acknowledging these two challenges and for the purposes of personal development, you should prepare a report describing how your virtual cross-cultural team work evolved.

Therefore, you are supposed to deliver three major outcomes of your group work: prepare a scenario for a cross-cultural training, write a teaching note and a self-reflection report on virtual cross-cultural team work. Your work should demonstrate analytic abilities and skills through the application of the concepts and models, taken from compulsory and optional literature assigned for the course, as well as from internet resources. Creativity and innovation will be of an important asset.

Research proposal In order to receive an initial feedback on your project, one page proposal should be submitted to

andreeva@gsom.pu.ru and anna.lupinawegener@unige.ch by March, 22nd indicating: theme chosen; first ideas about your scenario; bibliography.

Final report The final report of the virtual group work consists of the following components:

scenario for cross-cultural training; teaching note; self-reflection report; “blind” review (see below). Creativity and innovation are important for preparing a scenario. In addition, your work

should demonstrate analytic abilities through the application of concepts and models from compulsory and optional literature assigned for the course. You can also carry out additional literature review in relevant journals. Then, you should verify the theory in a chosen setting (for a teaching note).

Below are some guidelines for development of each of the components of your final report:

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Scenario (2 pages maximum) The scenario is the text to be handed out to the participants of training given by CCL&D.

Therefore, your scenario should be a realistic, yet a creative description of a situation in which (potential) conflict between individuals/groups emerges due to cultural differences. You may refer to your team members’ experience and some readings or develop an imaginary situation. Remember, that your company is known for innovative approach and feel free to expoit all the creativity of your team.

Teaching note (3 pages maximum) The teaching note is a document for the trainers which should help them to analyze the

scenario during a training. Your teaching note should, therefore, refer to theoretical frameworks seen in class and in assigned readings (both obligatory and optional). The teaching note is to contain a complete reference list including Internet resources.

Self-reflection report (2 pages maximum) Each team should deliver two self-reflection reports – one prepared by HEC Geneva sub-

team, and another by GSOM sub-team. In these reports, you can share anything that your find relevant / interesting / surprising, etc., as related to your experience of virtual multicultural team work. The focus of this report is on student personal opinions and reflections. Please, keep your self-reflection report constructive and reflective. The purpose of this report is to develop awareness of cultural issues and skills to deal with cultural challenges in the future.

Blind peer review (1 page maximum) After all groups submit their scenarios and teaching notes, each group will be assigned to

review one peer report and to evaluate it against the following items: Originality of the scenario Avoidance of cultural stereotypes and capability to uncover multiple cultural layers Strong theoretical basis Critical thinking and analytical capabilities Coherence and clarity of the arguments Please note that a peer review will not be graded, but it is obligatory to obtain a credit for the

group project. Blind peer reviews should be sent to andreeva@gsom.pu.ru and Anna.LupinaWegener@hec.unige.ch by May 12th and they will be forwarded to the evaluated group as anonymous reviews.

The best group scenarios will be presented during the last session organized as the live video

conference between HEC and GSOM. Each group will have 10 minutes for the scenario (or role play) to be followed by a class discussion (10 minutes; based on a teaching note). Participation in the last class of all members of the group is obligatory in order to get a credit for the project.

Evaluation Scenario and teaching note will be evaluated against to following criteria:

o Originality of the scenario o Avoidance of cultural stereotypes and capability to uncover multiple cultural layers o Strong theoretical basis o Critical thinking and analytical capabilities o Coherence and clarity of the arguments

Self-reflection report will be evaluated against the following criteria:

o Constructivism o Reflectivity

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Organizational issues Your virtual group work will be supervised by Tatiana Andreeva (GSOM, St. Peterburg) and

Anna Lupina-Wegener (HEC, Geneva). You will work in a virtual group of six (approximately), composed of three students from

University of Geneva and three students from Graduate School of Management, St. Petersburg State University. The virtual teams will be assigned by the group project supervisors, Tatiana Andreeva and Anna Lupina-Wegener:

In order to register your local sub-group, you are asked to send an email to andreeva@gsom.pu.ru and anna.lupinawegener@unige.ch by March, 5th. Please indicate names of the group members and email addresses. To form a sub-group, students are strongly encouraged to choose the partners with whom they have never worked on a project before, who have the most different background, etc.

By March, 6th, we will compose HEC-GSOM virtual teams. Each team will receive a number, and you are strongly advised to use this team number in any further correspondence concerning your group project. Please put your team number in the title of the email, and ensuring the names of the files you send always start with your group number.

All submissions should be made both by email and as hard copy. Your group must hand in two hard copies (one in HEC Geneva and one in GSOM) and send an electronic version to both andreeva@gsom.pu.ru and Anna.LupinaWegener@hec.unige.ch. Please tune your email program to ask for received receipt to ensure that your emails come through. In GSOM, hard copies are to be handed to MIB office.

Summary - important dates

March 5th. Registering of GSOM and HEC sub-groups. March 6th. Announcement of virtual group members. March 22nd. Project proposal submission. May 5th. Written report submission. May 6th. Mail-out of reports for a blind review. May 12th. Blind reviews and self-reflection reports are due. Video conference (oral presentations) – date to be announced later.

File formatting guidelines: All files should be formatted according to the following guidelines:

Word format, 1.5 spaced, font size 12, margin 2.5cm, file name should start with your group number (provided to you as the groups are

assigned), and follow this template: “X-proposal.doc”, “X-scenario.doc”, “X-teaching-note.doc”, “X-SRreport-HEC.doc” or “X-SRreport-GSOM.doc”, where X stands for your group number, and HEC/GSOM – for your sub-team location.

Bibliography & references guidelines:

Journals Hiltrop, J-M. (1996). The impact of human resource management on organizational performance: theory and research. European Management Journal. 14 (6): 628-637. Books Schuler, R. S. & Dowling, P. J. (1990). International Dimensions Of Human Resource Management. Boston: PWS Kent. References Hiltrop (1996) argues that... Unfortunately, there is still lack of global measurement of impact of HRM on performance (Hiltrop, 1996) Schuler& Dowling (1990) argue that Effective HRM might strongly contribute to ... (Bournois, Rojot & Scaringella, 2003)

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Appendix 2 Further (optional) readings

This section lists the sources that are recommended for the students who would like either to review the topic or to read more on it. These readings are not compulsory, and the list is provided solely for students’ information.

Topic 1. Organizational behavior: field of research and applied discipline

Svyantek, D.J.; Brown, L.L. “A Complex-Systems Approach to Organizations”. // Current Directions in Psychological Science, Apr2000, Vol. 9 Issue 2, pp. 69-74.

Topic 2. Introduction to culture

Schneider, S., Barsoux, J.-L. ”Managing across cultures”. Ch.2, pp. 19-30. Holden N.J. Cross-cultural management: a knowledge management perspective. 2002.

Prentice Hall. Ch.2 (“Culture: the anthropologist’s legacy”) and Ch.3 (“Some consequences of Culture’s consequences”), pp. 17-64.

Gertsen M.C., Soederberg A.-M., Vaara E. “Cultural change processes in mergers: a social constructionist perspective”. Working paper, Copenhagen Business School. Pp. 9-13 only. The paragraph “A social constructionist perspective on cultural change processes". (available in Copenhagen Business School Open Archive, http://ir.lib.cbs.dk/download/ISBN/x648078441.pdf)

Topic 3. Culture and organizational behavior

Schneider, S., Barsoux, J.-L. ”Managing across cultures”. Ch.2, pp. 19-30. Hofstede G. Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and

Organizations Across Nations. 2001. 2ed. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA. Trompenaars F., Hampden-Turner C. Riding the waves of culture: understanding cultural

diversity in business. 1997. London: Nicholas Brearley. House, R.J et al. (eds). Culture, Leadership, and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62

Societies. 2004. SAGE publications. More critics to Hofstede and Hofstede’s replies:

Goodstein L. Commentary: Do American Theories Apply Abroad? // Organizational Dynamics. – 1981. - Vol.10, № 1. – p.49-54.

Hunt J.W. Commentary: Do American Theories Apply Abroad? // Organizational Dynamics. – 1981. - Vol.10, № 1. – p.55-62.

Hofstede G. Do American Theories Apply Abroad? A Reply to Goodstein and Hunt. // Organizational Dynamics. – 1981. - Vol.10, № 1. – p.63-68.

Sondergaard M. Research note: Hofstede’s consequences: a study of reviews, citations and replications. // Organization Studies. – 1994. – Vol.15, №3. – pp. 447-456.

Baskerville-Morley R.F. Hofstede never studied culture. // Accounting, Organizations & Society. – 2003. - Vol. 28, № 1. – p. 1-14.

Hofstede G. What is culture? A reply to Baskerville. // Accounting, Organizations & Society. – 2003. - Vol. 28, № 7/8. – p. 811-813.

Baskerville-Morley R.F. A research note: the unfinished business of culture. // Accounting, Organizations & Society. – 2005. - Vol. 30, № 4. – p. 389-391.

Topic 4. Culture in management sciences

Boyacigiller, N.A., Adler, N.J. “The parochial dinosaur: organizational science in a global context”.//Academy of Management Review, Apr 1991, Vol. 16 Issue 2, pp.262-290.

Osland, J.S., Bird, A. “Beyond sophisticated stereotyping: Cultural sense-making in context.” // Academy of Management Executive, Feb2000, Vol. 14 Issue 1, pp.65-80.

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Usunier, J.-C. International and cross-cultural management research. SAGE Publications, London. 1998.

Petersen R. “International management research: looking to the future”. 1993.

Topic 5. Individual in organization Earley, Ch., Ang, S. Cultural Intelligence: individual interactions across cultures. Stanford

Business Books, Stanford, 2003. Triandis, H.C.; Suh, E.M. “Cultural influences on personality”. // Annual Review of

Psychology, 2002, Vol. 53 Issue 1, pp.133-160. Paik, Y.; Segaud, B.; Malinowski, C. “How to improve repatriation management”. //

International Journal of Manpower, 2002, Vol. 23 Issue 7, pp.635-648. Adler N. “International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior”, Ch.8, 9,10, pp. 257-372.

Topic 6. Groups and teams in organization

Adler N. “International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior”, Ch.5, pp.133-163. Jarvenpaa S., Ledner, D. “Communication and trust in global virtual teams”. // Organization

Science, 1999, Vol.10, No.6, pp. 791-815. Topic 7. Leadership in organization

Adler N. “International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior”, Ch.6, pp.165-174 Smith, P.B.; Misumi, J.; Tayeb, M.; Peterson, M.; Bond, M. “On the generality of leadership

style measures across cultures”. // Journal of Occupational Psychology, Jun 1989, Vol. 62 Issue 2, p97-109.

Topic 8. Communications in organization

Adler N. “International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior”, Ch.3, pp. 73-102. Kodish, B.I. “What we do with language - what it does with us”. // ETC: A Review of

General Semantics, Winter2003/2004, Vol. 60 Issue 4, pp.383-395. Holden, Nigel. “Language: Management’s Lost Continent”. // Cross-Cultural Management:

a Knowledge Management Perspective. Prentice Hall, 2002. Ch.11., pp. 225-243. Topic 9. Corporate culture.

Witte, K.D.; van Muijen, J.J. “Organizational Culture: Critical Questions for Researchers and Practitioners”. // European Journal of Work & Organizational Psychology, Dec99, Vol. 8 Issue 4, pp.583-595.

Topic 10. Organizational structure and management systems

Laurent A. “Cultural diversity of western conceptions of management”. // International Studies of Management and Organization. 1983. Vol.13, #1-2, pp. 75-96.

Topic 11. Organizational change management

Marshak R. Lewin meets Confucius: a review of the OD model of change. // Journal of Applied Behavioral Science. – 1993. – December, Vol. 29, # 4. – pp. 393 – 415.

Nahavandi, A.; Malekzadeh, Ali R. “Acculturation in Mergers and Acquisitions” // Academy of Management Review, Jan1988, Vol. 13 Issue 1. Pp. 79-91.

Glisby, M.; Holden, N. “Contextual constraints in knowledge management theory: the cultural embeddedness of Nonaka's knowledge-creating company”. // Knowledge & Process Management, Jan-Mar2003, Vol. 10 Issue 1, pp.29-36.

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Further readings concerning organizational behavior in various cultural contexts: For country comparative analysis – a useful source is Harris P.R., Moran R.T. & Moran S.V.

“Managing Cultural Differences: Global Leadership Strategies for the 21st Century”, 6th ed., Elsevier, 2004. (Unit 2, “Regional culture specifics”)

Europe: Viney J. “The culture wars”. Ch.2 “United by difference: the formation of a European

identity”. Pp.23-43. (available in the SOM library, in the “Organizational behavior in cross-cultural context” compendium 2005, pp. 167-178.

Liberman L., Torbiorn I. “Variances in staff-related management practices in eight European country subsidiaries of a global firm” // International Journal of Human Resources Management. 2000. February, 37-59.

Myers, A.; Kakabadse, A.; McMahon, T., Spony, G. “Top management styles in Europe: implications for business and cross-national teams.” // European Business Journal, 1995 1st Quarter, Vol. 7 Issue 1. pp.17-28.

Segalla, M.; Fischer, L. “Making Cross-cultural Research Relevant to European Corporate Integration: Old Problem-New Approach”. // European Management Journal, Feb2000, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p38 – 51.

Middle East: Schramm-Nielsen J., Faradonbeh, H.-A. Society and management in Iran. Working paper,

Copenhagen Business School. 2002. 20 p. Khadra, B. “The prophetic-caliphal model of leadership: an empirical study”. // International

Studies of Management & Organization, Fall90, Vol. 20 Issue 3. Pp.37 – 52. Russia and Eastern Europe: Kets De Vries, Manfred F. R. “A Journey into the "Wild East": Leadership Style and

Organizational Practices in Russia” // Organizational Dynamics, Spring2000, Vol. 28 Issue 4. Pp.67-82.

Bakacsi, G. et al. “Eastern European cluster: tradition and transition”. // By: Journal of World Business, Spring2002, Vol. 37 Issue 1, pp. 69 – 80.