organizational behavior ch1

7/23/2019 Organizational Behavior CH1

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Organizational Behavior, 14e(Robbins/Judge)

Chapter 1 What Is Organizational Behavior?

1) Which of the following is not a reason why business schools have begun to include

classes on organizational behavior?

A) to increase manager effectiveness in organizationsB) to help organizations attract top quality employees

C) to epand organizations! consulting needs

") to improve retention of quality wor#ers

$) to help increase organizations! profits

%) Which of the following is most li#ely to be a belief held by a successful manager?

A) &echnical #nowledge is all that is needed for success'

B) (t is not essential to have sound interpersonal s#ills'

C) &echnical s#ills are necessary but insufficient alone for success'

") $ffectiveness is not impacted by human behavior'$) &echnical s#ills do not influence efficiency'

*) Which of the following would not be considered an organization?

A) a church

B) a university

C) a military unit

") all adults in a given community

$) an elementary school

+) Which of the following is least li#ely to be considered a manager?

A) an administrator in charge of fund,raising activities in a non,profit organization

B) a lieutenant leading an infantry platoon

C) a doctor who acts as head of the physiotherapy department at a public hospital

") the mayor of a large city

$) an (& technician who enables communication between all of a company!s

employees

-) Which of the following is not one of the four primary management functions?

A) controlling

B) planningC) staffing

") organizing

$) leading

.) Which of a manager!s primary functions requires the manager to define an

organization!s goals establish an overall strategy for achieving these goals and

develop a comprehensive hierarchy of plans to integrate and coordinate activities?

A) controlling

B) planning

C) staffing

") coordinating

$) leading


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/) "esigning an organization!s structure such as who reports to whom defines the

00000000 function'

A) planning

B) leading

C) controlling

") organizing$) contemplating

) As a manager one of 2oe!s duties is to present awards to outstanding employees

within his department' Which 3intzberg managerial role is 2oe acting in when he

does this?

A) leadership role

B) liaison role

C) monitor role

") figurehead role

$) spo#esperson role

4) Which of the following is not an interpersonal role of management according to

3intzberg?

A) a high school principal handing out graduation diplomas

B) a department head relocating the department after a fire

C) a manager interviewing potential employees

") a shift foreman reprimanding a wor#er that arrived late

$) a pro5ect manager listening to a team presentation

16) According to 3intzberg when a manager searches the organization and its

environment for opportunities and initiates pro5ects to bring about change the

manager is acting in which role?

A) negotiator

B) entrepreneur

C) monitor

") resource allocator

$) reflective analyst

11) 3anagers need to have three essential s#ills in order to reach their goals' What are

these s#ills?

A) technical decisional and interpersonal

B) technical human and conceptualC) interpersonal informational and decisional

") conceptual communication and networ#ing

$) human informational and communication

1%) 2ill is valued by her colleagues for her ability to perform effective brea#,even

analysis on upcoming ventures' (n this case her colleagues value her for

competencies that fall within which essential management s#ills categories?

A) technical

B) communication

C) human

") conceptual$) education


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1*) &echnical s#ills encompass the ability to 00000000'

A) analyze and diagnose comple situations

B) echange information and control comple situations

C) apply specialized #nowledge or epertise

") initiate and oversee comple pro5ects

$) communicate effectively with others

1+) Which one of the following would not be considered a human s#ill of a manager?

A) decision ma#ing'

B) communicating

C) resolving conflicts

") wor#ing as part of a team

$) listening to others

1-) 7red 8uthans wanted to loo# at management from a different perspective' 9e

wanted to see what management qualities are needed 00000000'

A) to produce quality wor#B) to attain quality employees

C) to attain high pay

") to be quic#ly promoted

$) to show economic returns

1.) According to 8uthans! research successful managers meaning those that were

quic#ly promoted spent more of their time on 00000000 than on any other activity'

A) traditional management

B) human resource management

C) networ#ing

") communicating

$) hiring and firing

1/) 00000000 is the study of the impact that individuals groups and structure have

on behavior within organizations'

A) Conceptual s#ills

B) 8eadership

C) 9uman s#ills

") "ecisional roles

$) :rganizational behavior

1) Which of the following is not a topic or concern related to :B?

A) turnover

B) leader behavior

C) productivity

") management

$) family behavior

14) :n which of the following problems would an :B study be least li#ely to focus ?

A) an increase in absenteeism at a certain company

B) a fall in productivity in one shift of a manufacturing plant

C) a decrease in sales due to growing foreign competition") an increase in theft by employees at a retail store


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$) ecessive turnover in volunteer wor#ers at a non,profit organization

%6) What are the three primary behavior determinants of organizational behavior?

A) profit structure organizational compleity 5ob satisfaction

B) individuals profit structure and 5ob satisfaction

C) individuals groups and 5ob satisfaction

") groups structure and profit structure$) individuals groups and structure

%1) Which of the following is not a core topic of organizational behavior?

A) motivation

B) attitude development

C) conflict

") resource allocation

$) wor# design

%%) (n order to predict human behavior it is best to supplement your intuitive opinions

with information derived in what fashion?A) common sense

B) direct observation

C) systematic study

") speculation

$) organizational theory

%*) 2anet needs to assign a very important advertising account to one of her writers'

7irst she reviewed each writers wor# load then she studied the sales data of the

products for the last three campaigns of each writer then she reviewed each writer!s

annual review to familiarize herself with their goals' 7inally she gave the account to

;aula a very creative efficient writer who has had high sales results with her last

three clients! products' 2anet!s management style is based on 00000000'

A) intuition or


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%.) What do the authors of the tetboo# advise?

A) "isregard your intuition because it!s usually wrong and will lead to incorrect

assumptions '

B) =se evidence as much as possible to inform your intuition and eperience '

C) >ely on research since it is almost always right and researchers don!t ma#e

mista#es '") 3a#e predictions of individuals! behaviors based on others! actions '

$) "on!t trust preconceived notions unless you have substantive evidence to bac#

them up '

%/):rganizational behavior is constructed from all of the following disciplines ecept

00000000'

A) physics

B) psychology

C) anthropology

") sociology

$) social psychology

%) ;sychology!s ma5or contributions to the field of organizational behavior have been

primarily at what level of analysis?

A) the level of the group

B) the level of the individual

C) the level of the organization

") the level of the culture

$) the level of interacting groups

%4) &he science that see#s to measure eplain and sometimes change the behavior of

humans and other animals is #nown as 00000000'

A) psychiatry

B) psychology

C) sociology

") political science

$) organizational behavior

*6) 00000000 blends concepts from psychology and sociology and focuses on the

influence people have on one another'

A) Corporate strategy

B) AnthropologyC) ;olitical science

") ocial psychology

$) Archaeology

*1) Austin is a graduate student helping to organize a study about individual 5ob

satisfaction' &he study focuses on the top five reasons that a person is satisfied or

dissatisfied in his current 5ob' 9is department is surveying %66 individuals in 166

different types of organizations' Austin is most li#ely a graduate student in the

department of 00000000'

A) psychology

B) anthropologyC) political science


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") social psychology

$) archaeology

*%) @roup behavior power and conflict are central areas of study for 00000000'

A) archaeologists

B) sociologistsC) anthropologists

") social psychologists

$) operations analysts

**) 00000000 focuses on the study of people in relation to their social environment'

A) ;sychology

B) ociology

C) Corporate strategy

") ;olitical science

$) :perations management

*+) Which field of study has contributed to :B through its research on organizational

culture and formal organization theory and structure?

A) psychology

B) operations management

C) corporate strategy


$) sociology

*-) Which of the following fields has most helped us understand differences in

fundamental values attitudes and behavior among people in different countries?

A) anthropology

B) psychology

C) political science

") operations research

$) psycholinguistics

*.) 3yriam is analyzing the gender roles of men and women in management in the

=nited tates compared to those of management in 2apan' he is surveying fifty men

and fifty women managers in each country to compare their daily behavior' 3yriam!s

study eemplifies how 00000000 contributes to :B'

A) anthropologyB) psychology

C) social psychology


$) corporate strategy

*/) Which of the following statements best describes contingency variables?

A) &hey are scientific factors based on universal truths'

B) &hey are factors that moderate the relationship between two or more events or

situations'

C) &here is general consensus among :B researchers that they can be controlled'

") &hey are the cause,effect principles that tend to apply to all situations that have

been discovered'$) &hey are simple and universal principles that eplain organizational behavior'


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*) &here are 00000000 simple and universal principles that eplain organizational

behavior'

A) an infinity of

B) absolutely no

C) a confusing array of

") fourteen$) few if any

*4) >aymond is completing a study on discrimination in which he has noted that

saleswomen who wear s#irt suits ma#e more sales than saleswomen who only wear

pant suits ' 9owever >aymond determined that his findings only pertained to those

industries in which the purchasing decision ma#er is traditionally masculine' 7or

eample the sales results were the same for all women selling to medical office

managers a female dominated field' >aymond used 00000000 variables to more

accurately eplain his results'

A) global

B) general

C) dependent") non,reactive

$) contingency

+6) Which of the following is not a reason why :B is etremely relevant today?

A) an aging wor#force

B) a diverse wor#force

C) changing employee practices

") globalization

$) global warming

+1) 00000000 is an effect of increasing globalization'

A) 3ore epensive consumer goods

B) An increase in manufacturing 5obs in developed nations

C) An ever increasingly homogeneous wor#force

") hared economic values among all cultures

$) 2obs moving to nations with low,cost labor

+%) 00000000 is a measure of how organizations are becoming more heterogeneous in

terms of gender race and ethnicity'

A) @lobalization

B) Wor#force diversityC) Affirmative action

") :rganizational culture

$) :perational homogeneity

+*) Which of the following statements is not true about wor#force diversity?

A) Wor#force diversity is a global concern'

B) 3anaging wor#force diversity presents many challenges'

C) Wor#force diversity focuses on differences within a country'

") eual orientation is a part of wor#force diversity'

$) Wor#force diversity is a concern only in the =''


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++) What was the most significant change in the ='' labor force during the last half

of the twentieth century?

A) substantial decreases in the number of wor#ers who are under --

B) increases in the percentage of ='' citizens of 9ispanic origin

C) increasing numbers of African,Americans at all levels within the wor#force

") the steady increase in the percentage of wor#ers that are men$) the rapid increase in the percentage of wor#ers that are women

+-) Which of the following statements is not an implication of increased wor#place

diversity?

A) 3anagers should recognize differences between wor#ers'

B) "iversity training should be provided'

C) $mployee benefits should be revamped to accommodate the different needs of

different employees'

") (t is critical that all wor#ers be treated ali#e'

$) (nnovation and creativity in organizations is li#ely to increase'

+.) $ighty percent of the ='' wor#force today is made up of 00000000 5obs'

A) tetile

B) technology

C) automobile

") restaurant

$) service

+/) Approimately 00000000 of the ='' labor force is employed in service

industries'

A) 16

B) %-

C) +6

") .6

$) 6

+) ervice industry 5obs include all of the following ecept 00000000'

A) fast good counter wor#er

B) sales cler#

C) waiter

") nurse

$) production line wor#er

+4) Which of the following factors ma#es it imperative that organizations be fast and

fleible?

A) temporariness

B) corporate ecess

C) truncated capacity

") advances in corporate strategy

$) globalization

-6) @iven the climate of


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B) be prepared to stay in the same position for longer periods of time

C) ma#e closer connections to their peers

") foster friendship within the wor# environment

$) limit their mobility if they hope to compete

-1) Which of the following is the ma5or challenge to managers in a fully networ#edorganization?

A) eliminating the need for paper communication by relying entirely on e,mail file

transfers and the li#e

B) retaining team members who can easily move to another employer when demand

for their services changes

C) managing contract and temporary wor#ers

") maintaining a


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A) abstraction of reality

B) someone held in high esteem

C) independent variable

") real,world scenario

$) dependent variable

-/) Which of the following has only recently been considered a primary dependent

variable in organizational behavior?

A) productivity

B) absenteeism

C) turnover

") 5ob satisfaction

$) organizational citizenship behavior

-) At its root productivity involves concern for both 00000000'

A) dependence and independence

B) diversity and homogeneityC) motivation and distraction

") absenteeism and motivation

$) effectiveness and efficiency

-4) Which of the following is an eample of being an efficient company?

A) operating at the lowest possible cost while yielding a higher output

B) creating the highest customer satisfaction ratings

C) meeting the production schedule

") obtaining the highest mar#et share

$) maimizing diversity at high cost

.6) What term is used to describe voluntary and involuntary permanent withdrawal

from an organization?

A) absenteeism

B) turnover

C) downsizing

") truancy

$) social atrophy

.1) 00000000 is discretionary behavior that is not part of an employee!s formal 5ob

requirement but that promotes the effective functioning of the organization'

A) ;roductivityB) 3otivation

C) :rganizational citizenship

") :rganizational behavior

$) Corporate strategy

.%) (ndividual,level independent variables include all of the following ecept

00000000'

A) leadership

B) learning

C) perception

") motivation$) decision,ma#ing


11/19

.*) &he si #ey dependent variables relevant to :B on the contingency model to help

eplain the compleities of organizational behavior are 00000000'

A) productivity absence turnover deviant wor#place behavior citizenship and

satisfaction

B) human resources turnover structure culture leadership and trust

C) decision ma#ing stress citizenship conflict teams and politics") biography personality emotions perception motivation and ability

$) input values emotions perception attitude and decision,ma#ing

.+) Although managers must be technically competent technical #nowledge is often

not enough for success'

AnswerD & or 7

.-) 3anagers get things done through other people'

AnswerD &or 7

..) 3odern theorists have condensed 7ayol!s five management functions down tofourD planning organizing commanding and controlling'

AnswerD & or 7

./) 3onitoring comparing and correcting activities are all included in the controlling

function'

AnswerD & or 7

.) When managers initiate and oversee new pro5ects that will improve their

organization!s performance they are acting in the capacity of an entrepreneur which

is an eample of an informational role'

AnswerD & or 7

.4) >esearch conducted by 8uthans supports the belief that promotions are based on

performance'

AnswerD & or 7

/6) 3any people!s views on human behavior are based on intuition'

AnswerD & or 7

/1) Conflict and power have been ma5or topics of concern to social psychologists'

AnswerD & or 7

/%) Anthropology has helped us understand differences in values and attitudesbetween people in different countries'

AnswerD & or 7

/*) :B researchers cannot offer reasonably accurate eplanations of human behavior

since people act very differently in similar situations'

AnswerD & or 7

/+) Wor#force diversity is a topic dealing with how organizations are becoming more

homogeneous in terms of gender race and ethnicity'

AnswerD & or 7


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/-) 7orty percent of the ='' labor force is female'

AnswerD & or 7

/.) &oday!s managers and employees must learn to cope with temporarinessE learning

to live with fleibility spontaneity and unpredictability'

AnswerD & or 7//) &here!s an increasing blurring between the wor# and nonwor# time'

AnswerD & or 7

/) :rganizational behavior models generally assume 5ob satisfaction to be an

independent variable'

AnswerD & or 7

/4) An organization that is productive must be both effective and efficient'

AnswerD & or 7

6) An organization is productive if it achieves its goals and does so by transferring

inputs to outputs at the lowest cost'

AnswerD & or 71) >easonable levels of employee,initiated turnover facilitate organizational

fleibility and employee independence'

AnswerD & or 7

%) &he difference between the amount of rewards wor#ers receive and the amount

they believe they should receive is termed 5ob satisfaction'

AnswerD & or 7

(magine that Fristen 3cFay is a manager at a company specializing in bread and

bread,ba#ing paraphernalia' Fristen performs all the normal management functions

outlined in your tetboo#' Answer the following questions based on 9enri 7ayol!s

wor#'

*) When 3s' 3cFay develops a strategy for achieving her department!s goals she is

performing the 00000000 function of management'

A) planning

"iffD % ;age >efD -,.

&opicD Application of What 3anagers "o

#illD AACBD Analytic #ills

:b5ectiveD 3anagement 7unctions

Guest' CategoryD Application

8:D %


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+) When 3s' 3cFay determines which employees will do what tas#s she is

performing the 00000000 function of management'

A) planning

B) organizing

C) leading

") controlling$) reacting

-) When 3s' 3cFay motivates her employees and attempts to resolve conflicts

among department members she is performing the 00000000 function of

management'

A) planning

B) organizing

C) leading

") controlling

$) reacting

.) When 3s' 3cFay compares pro5ected sales to actual sales in her department she

is performing the 00000000 function of management'

A) planning

B) organizing

C) leading

") controlling

$) reacting

2osef obles has been a manager at 3ountain Chemicals for five years' 9ired for his

epertise in pro5ect accounting he rose quic#ly through the ran#s and is now the head

of the accounting and finance department' 2osef is viewed as the rising star in the

organization by his superiors'

/) According to Fatz the s#ills that 3r' obles was hired for were what type of

s#ill?

A) human

B) conceptual

C) technical

") controlling

$) directing

) @iven the information we have 3r' obles would probably be categorized by

8uthans as what type of manager?

A) effective

B) efficient

C) successful

") productive

$) type A

&opicD Application of 3anagement #ills H $ffective versus uccessful 3anagerial

Activities

#illD AACBD Analytic #ills:b5ectiveD uccessful 3anagerial Activities


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Guest' CategoryD Application

8:D %

Iou are bringing together faculty from different behavioral disciplines to author a new

tetboo# in organizational behavior' >epresented are professors from psychology

sociology social psychology anthropology political science and industrialengineering'

4) &he faculty member from 00000000 should furnish information about personality

learning and motivation'

A) sociology

B) psychology

C) anthropology


$) industrial engineering

46) Which professor out of this group would you epect to address issues ofcommunication?

A) the psychologist

B) the anthropologist

C) the political scientist

") the social psychologist

$) the industrial engineer

41) Iou should epect that the faculty member from 00000000 will probably

contribute information about large,scale group behavior'

A) sociology

B) psychology

C) social psychology

") anthropology

$) industrial engineering

&he manager at a construction site observes that he is spending a great deal of time

interviewing prospective employees' &his is due to the large amount of absenteeism

and turnover among his s#illed wor#ers' :n questioning eiting employees he

discovers that many of them quit because they feel the wor# place is too dangerous' (n

particular several foremen have stated that the need to get the 5ob done quic#ly is

more important than a few rules and have gone as far as to moc# the courage ofwor#ers who question this attitude'

4%) What is not a dependent variable that the manager wishes to resolve in this case?

A) turnover

B) absenteeism

C) productivity

") 5ob satisfaction

$) the s#ill level of his wor#ers

4*) What is the best way for the manager to control the deviant behavior of the

foremen?A) ordering the foremen to conform with the required safety standards


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B) finding out why the foremen place a greater importance on finishing the 5ob than in

safety

C) firing the foremen and promoting new foremen from the current pool of wor#ers

") ta#ing over the wor# of the foremen himself

$) instituting training classes for the foremen on the importance of safety

4+) Which of the following is an independent variable which is li#ely to be the rootcause of the wor#place deviant behavior the manager has observed?

A) 7oremen are paid significant bonuses if the wor#ers they supervise complete their

tas#s quic#ly'

B) Absenteeism is found to rise on those days when particularly hazardous wor# is

being performed'

C) everal of the foremen are close personal friends who have very similar attitudes

toward wor# and safety'

") &he structure of the organization does not involve all wor#ers in the decision

ma#ing process'

$) ;enalties for ignoring safety standards are not heavy amounting to the equivalent

of only several hours! pay'

Allison and @ail both are studying for a final eam' Both have a goal of attaining a

grade of 41 or better' @ail studied . hours and made a grade of 4%' Allison studied for

4 hours and also made a grade of 4%'

4-) Which of the students was effective?

A) only @ail

B) only Allison

C) neither @ail nor Allison

") both @ail and Allison

$) insufficient information to 5udge

4.) Which of the following statements is true?

A) @ail is more efficient than Allison'

B) Allison is more efficient than @ail'

C) @ail is more effective than Allison'

") Allison is more effective than @ail'

$) @ail and Allison are equally efficient'

4/) Which of the students was more productive?

A) @ailB) Allison

C) either @ail nor Allison were productive'

") (t is impossible to tell from the information given'

$) &hey were equally productive'

4) "efine and provide a wor#place eample for each of the four management

functions described by 9enri 7ayol'

AnswerD &he four management functions as described by 9enri 7ayol are planning

organizing leading and controlling' &he planning function encompasses defining an

organization!s goals establishing an overall strategy for achieving those goals and

developing a comprehensive hierarchy of plans to integrate and coordinate activities'Writing sales goals and quotas for a team of salespeople would be a wor#place


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eample of management planning'

:rganizing includes the determination of what tas#s are to be done who is to do

them how the tas#s are to be grouped who reports to whom and where decisions are

to be made' Assigning pro5ects and pro5ect team leaders is an eample of organizing'

&he leading function involves motivating employees directing the activities of others

selecting the most effective communication channels and resolving conflicts amongmembers' 8eading wee#ly sales meetings on informational topics to motivate a sales

team is an eample of leading'

7inally controlling involves monitoring comparing and potential correcting to get

the organization bac# on trac#' >eprimanding an employee who consistently arrives

to wor# late is an eample of controlling'

44) "escribe the three essential management s#ills that differentiate effective

managers from ineffective ones' ;rovide a wor#place eample of how these s#ills

could be used when dealing with the challenge of a wor#place recession'

AnswerD &he three essential management s#ills identified by researchers are

technical human and conceptual' &echnical s#ills are defined by the ability to apply

specialized #nowledge or epertise' 9uman s#ills are defined by the ability to wor#with understand and motivate other people' 7inally conceptual s#ills are defined by

the ability to analyze and diagnose comple situations' (n a time of recession human

s#ills are essential to motivate fearful employees and to create a positive wor#

environment' &hey would also be necessary in the event of wor#place staff reduction'

&echnical s#ills could be applied in the area of epertise to raise production and

combined with conceptual s#ills can be used to loo# for small mar#et niches and

ways to analyze the industry to continue to ma#e a profit until times are better'

166) $plain how 7red 8uthans differentiates between successful and effective

managers'

AnswerD 8uthans defined successful managers in terms of the speed of their

promotions' $ffective managers were defined in terms of the quantity and quality of

their performance and the satisfaction and commitment of their employees' "ifferent

s#ills were associated with each group' uccessful managers used more networ#ing

s#ills whereas effective managers used more communication s#ills'

161) "escribe how one of the sciences that contributes to organizational behavior

could be used in $B3' "efine the science some of the science!s contributions to :B

and describe a wor#place eample of how it could be used in $B3

AnswerD $vidence,based management $B3) complements systematic study by

basing managerial decisions on the best available scientific evidence' "octors need to

ma#e decisions about patient care based on the latest available evidence and $B3argues that managers should do the same becoming more scientific in how they thin#

about management problems' 7or eample a manager that is struggling with high

turnover in his company could loo# toward social psychology to help solve the

problem' ocial psychology generally considered a branch of psychology blends

concepts from both psychology and sociology to focus on people!s influence on one

another' :ne ma5or study area is change how to implement it and how to reduce

barriers to its acceptance' A manager could loo# at a social psychology study on 5ob

satisfaction to determine what changes he might ma#e to be able to better retain

employees


17/19

16%) Why is it important to complement intuition with systematic study in our

attempts to understand behavior within organizations?

AnswerD (t is important to complement intuition with systematic study in our attempts

to understand behavior within organizations in order to help uncover important facts

and relationships' &his will provide a base from which more accurate predictions of

behavior can be made' &hat is we can improve our predictive ability bycomplementing intuitive opinions with a more systematic approach' ystematic

studies loo#s at relationships attempting to attribute causes and effects and base

conclusions on scientific evidence' &his process helps us to eplain and predict

behavior'

16*) 9ow have the fields of psychology and sociology contributed to our

understanding of organizational behavior?

AnswerD ;sychology see#s to measure eplain and change the behavior of humans'

Contributions have been made by learning theorists personality theorists counseling

psychologists and industrial and organizational psychologists' Contributions have

been made in learning perception personality emotions training leadershipeffectiveness needs and motivational forces 5ob satisfaction decision,ma#ing

processes performance appraisals attitude measurement employee,selection

techniques wor# design and 5ob stress' ociology studies people in relation to their

social environment or culture' &he greatest contributions by sociologists have been in

the study of group behavior in organizations organizational culture formal

organization theory and structure organizational technology communications power

and conflict'

16+) Compare and contrast the fields of psychology social psychology and sociology'

AnswerD &hese fields all deal with the human condition' While psychology focuses

on the individual sociology studies people in relation to their social environment or

culture' ocial psychology blends concepts from both psychology and sociology

though it is generally considered a branch of psychology' (t focuses on people!s

influence on one another' &hus it could be said that social psychology falls between

the etremes of the individual focus of psychology and the large group focus of

sociology'

16-) "escribe how globalization affects a manager!s people s#ills and what human

s#ills will be called upon to be effective'

AnswerD 9uman #ills or people s#ills are the ability to understand communicate

with motivate and support other people both individually and in groups'

@lobalization affects a manager!s people s#ills in at least two ways' 7irst managersare increasingly li#ely to find themselves on foreign assignments' :nce there they

may be managing a wor# force that is defined by very different needs aspirations and

attitudes from the wor#force bac# at home' econd managers are going to find

themselves wor#ing with superiors peers and employees who were born and raised

in a different culture' &o wor# effectively with these people managers will need to

understand their culture how it has shaped them and how to adapt a management

style to these differences' (n order to deal with these challenges and effective

manager should be a proficient listener see# to understand the needs of others and

learn to manage conflicts'

16.) $plain


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AnswerD Wor#force diversity is a term used to describe how organizations are

becoming more heterogeneous with regard to gender race and ethnicity' (t also

includes disabilities seual orientation and age' 9uman s#ills are defined by the

ability to wor# with understand and motivate other people and would be important to

manage a diverse wor#force because of the different individual variables that the

manager would be wor#ing with'16/) What dependent and independent variables are usually identified for construction

of an :B model?

AnswerD A dependent variable is the #ey factor that you want to eplain or predict

and that is affected by some other factor' :B cholars have historically emphasized

productivity absenteeism turnover and 5ob satisfaction' &oday deviant wor#place

behavior and organizational citizenship have been added to this list' An independent

variable is the presumed cause of some change in the dependent variable' &he

independent variables are divided into individual,level group,level and organization

systems level variables' &he individual,level variables include biographical

characteristics ability values attitudes personality and emotions perception

individual decision ma#ing learning and motivation' @roup,level variables includecommunication leadership power and politics' :rganization systems level variables

include the design of the formal organizationE the organization!s internal cultureE and

the organization!s human resource policies and practices'

16) "escribe two contingency variables that a manager could use in evaluating 5ob

satisfaction in her organization'

AnswerD Contingency variables are situational factors that moderate the relationship

between two or more variables' A manager must outline contingency variables in

order to be able to predict 5ob satisfaction because not all humans want the same out

of a career or anything else for that matter' 7or eample the manager could

determine thatflex time leads tojob satisfaction,but only under conditions specified

inz. Z is the contingency variable' (n this eample J could be employees under the

age of *6 or female employees' J is the contingency variable because some

employees might prefer to wor# a regular schedule'


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164) 9ow would you compare an ethical dilemma to organizational citizenship

behavior? 9ow are they similar or different?

AnswerD An ethical dilemma is a situation in which employees are required to define

right and wrong conduct' "ilemmas include whether to blow the whistle whether

they should follow orders with which they don!t personally agree whether they should

give an inflated performance evaluation to an employee whom they li#e #nowing thatsuch an evaluation could save that employee!s 5ob or whether they should allow

themselves to play politics in the organization if it will help their career advancement'

&hese ethical dilemmas result from the blurring of the line differentiating right from

wrong' :rganizational citizenship behavior :CB) is discretionary behavior that is

not part of an employee!s formal 5ob requirements but nevertheless promotes the

effective functioning of the organization' uccessful organizations need employees

who will do more than their usual 5ob duties who will provide performance beyond

epectations' By fostering :CB as a dependable variable in the wor#place ethical

dilemmas should be reduced' An employee would almost always choose what is

organizational behavior ch1

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