organization theory - kuliah 1 (1)

8/10/2019 Organization Theory - Kuliah 1 (1)

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ORGANIZATION

THEORY


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What is organization theoryO Theory-

O a supposition or system of ideas

explaining something esp. one based ongeneral principles independent of the

particular things to be explained

O A speculative (esp. fanciful) view


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Why study organization

theoryO Curiosity

- what it would be like to think like anorganization

- to get inside organizing processes farenough to reveal the intricateorganizational patterns that makeorganizations understandable.

O Motivated by the attraction of stretching theirminds in new waysorganization theorydraws on the sciences, the humanities andthe arts, and so presents the intellectualchallenge of thinking in interdisciplinary ways.


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O Some turn to organization theory in the hopethat it will improve their chances of becomingsuccessful executives in business,government or non-profit organizations.

O Some specific reasons

O Three interrelated things that will ease yourway into this complex subjects

- Theories and theorizing

- Concerns abstraction and it place in theory

development

- Explains why you need to studyorganizations

from multiple perspectives


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Theories and Theorizing

OrganizationsO Theorizing ?

- Whenever you create your own meaning

or grasp someone elses, you makethings, feelings, ideas, experiences,values and expectations into ideas orconcepts. In doing this you explainyourself and your world and this

constitutes theorizing.- Organization theorists specialize in

developing this human capacity to makeand use theory


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O refining conceptual distinctions and using

them to create sophisticated explanations

(theories) that far outstrip common sense.

O invention of new ways of looking at

experience and its phenomena.O The basic difference between common sense

theorizing and the theorizing academics do is

the added care academics take to specify

their practice, correct its errors and share their

theories with others, thereby contributing to

systematic knowledge-building efforts.


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O Theories are built from abstractionsknown as concepts. One conceptcalled

the phenomenon of interestis selected

from all the others as a focus for

theorizing and then related concepts are

defined and used to explain that one.

O Sometimes the explanation of a

phenomenon is too complex for precise

specification using a mathematical

formula.


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O This is the usual case for phenomenainvolving human behavior because human

behavior is notoriously unpredictable,

except under tightly constrained

conditions like those psychologists createin laboratories where the ordinary

influences of everyday life can be

controlled.

O Explaining organizations where humans

are at work often demands the use of

statistical probabilities rather than precise

formulae


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O Alternatively, researchers turn tometaphor or analogy to explain their

phenomena.


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Multiple perspectives

O Modern, symbolic-interpretive and post

modern

O The concepts and theories of a particular

perspectives offer you distinctive thinkingtools with which to craft ideas about

organizations and organizing. Depending

upon your intentions, you may find that

particular perspectives have greaterappeal than others for your purpose.


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O

The more knowledge you have of multipleperspectives, concepts and theories, the

greater will be your capacity to choose

useful approach to dealing with the

situations you face in your organization.

O knowledge is based on different

paradigms, each with its own assumptions

about the world. Paradigms encourage

researchers to study phenomena in a

different ways.


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O Learning to use multiple perspectives canhelp make you aware of the assumptions andvalues underlying your theory and practice,which in turn should make you moreconscious of your reasons for doing things

and better able to understand the reasonsbehind the actions taken by others.

O By learning organization theory, by knowinghow to theorize and by understanding howdifferent perspectives influence the way you

and others experience, interpret and shapeorganizational realities, you will become moreeffective member of any organization you join.


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Theorist The Sociological Source

O Adam Smith, Political-Economist

- Division of laborincluding the

differentiation of works tasks and the

specialization of laborers, is the conceptof social structure in organization theory.

O Karl Marx, Philosopher-Economist and

Revolutionary

- Theory of capital


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O Emile Durkheim, Sociologist- Informal and formal organization

- Informalorganizational culture

- The distinction between humanistic and

economic aspectsO Karl Emil Maximillian (Max) Weber,

Sociologist

- Traditional authority

- Charismatic authority- Theory of bureaucracy


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Classical management theory

O Frederick Taylor

O Mary Parker Follett

O Henri Fayol

O Luther GulickO Chester Barnard

organization theory - kuliah 1 (1)

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