organization of law enforcement agencies
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Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Organization and Organization and Administration of Administration of
law enforcementlaw enforcement agencies agencies
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
OrganizationsOrganizations
Two or more people Two or more people who cooperate to who cooperate to accomplish an accomplish an objective. objective.
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Larger organizations can become Larger organizations can become bureaucracies bureaucracies
RulesRules SpecializationSpecialization Chain of CommandChain of Command Unity of CommandUnity of Command Span of ControlSpan of Control
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
SpecializationSpecialization
As organizations grow larger, people tend to specialize in tasks.
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Chain of CommandChain of Command The line of authority and responsibility along which The line of authority and responsibility along which
orders are passed.orders are passed. The line will generally go from a higher ranked who The line will generally go from a higher ranked who
gives the order, i.e. an captain, lieutenant or gives the order, i.e. an captain, lieutenant or sergeant down to a lower rank.sergeant down to a lower rank.
In general, personnel give orders to only those In general, personnel give orders to only those directly below them in the chain of command, and directly below them in the chain of command, and receive orders from only those directly above them. receive orders from only those directly above them. For example, an officer who has a problem with For example, an officer who has a problem with carrying out an order is likely to get disciplined for carrying out an order is likely to get disciplined for not observing the chain of command if he skips the not observing the chain of command if he skips the officer who is in direct command of him, and officer who is in direct command of him, and directly appeals to a higher ranked officer in his directly appeals to a higher ranked officer in his chain of command.chain of command.
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Unity of CommandUnity of Command
Everyone has only Everyone has only one person who one person who gives them gives them instructions –instructions – In an emergency In an emergency
situation this is situation this is especially helpful in especially helpful in avoiding avoiding contradictory contradictory orders.orders.
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Span of ControlSpan of Control
The number of people who can be The number of people who can be effectively supervised.effectively supervised.
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Communication Communication
Horizontal and Vertical Horizontal and Vertical (Downward and (Downward and Upward) Upward)
Communication Communication schemescheme Encoding – to convey Encoding – to convey
we translatewe translate Transmission – What we Transmission – What we
saysay Medium – how we Medium – how we
choose to transmitchoose to transmit Reception – Must be Reception – Must be
heardheard Decoding – Decoding –
interpretationinterpretation Feedback.Feedback.
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Types of Downward Types of Downward CommunicationsCommunications
Job InstructionsJob Instructions Job RationaleJob Rationale Procedures and PracticeProcedures and Practice Feedback.Feedback. IndoctrinationIndoctrination
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Horizontal Horizontal
Conversations with peers.Conversations with peers. Inside and outside organizationsInside and outside organizations
Another watchAnother watch Another JurisdictionAnother Jurisdiction
Exchange of official informationExchange of official information Exchange of personal informationExchange of personal information RumorsRumors
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Law EnforcementLaw Enforcement PyramidPyramid
Administrators – Administrators – chiefschiefs
Mid-level Managers Mid-level Managers (Captains and (Captains and Lieutenants)Lieutenants)
First Line supervisorsFirst Line supervisors Police OfficersPolice Officers
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Organizational Structure Organizational Structure (Line Operations)(Line Operations)
Primary or Primary or Secondary.Secondary.
Patrol is backbone, Patrol is backbone, primaryprimary
Investigations and Investigations and youth, etc are youth, etc are secondarysecondary
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Organizational StructureOrganizational Structure(Support Functions)(Support Functions)
StaffStaff Recruitment, Recruitment,
training, personneltraining, personnel Auxiliary Auxiliary
(Technical)(Technical) Jail, property, Jail, property,
evidence, evidence, communications, communications, recordsrecords
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Policy and Procedure.Policy and Procedure.
Policies are statements of Policies are statements of organizational organizational expectations about expectations about outcome;outcome;
Procedures are step-by-Procedures are step-by-step instructions;step instructions;
Rules are about behaviorRules are about behavior Regulations are about Regulations are about
thingsthings
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
SheriffSheriff
Typical Duties: Typical Duties: ElectedElected Correctional (less Correctional (less
than year, waiting than year, waiting for trial)for trial)
SubpoenasSubpoenas PolicingPolicing BailiffsBailiffs
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
First Line Supervisors First Line Supervisors Most direct influence Most direct influence
over patrol officers.over patrol officers. Ten Tasks ( Page 121)Ten Tasks ( Page 121) Four typesFour types
Traditional – Law Traditional – Law enforcement orientated. enforcement orientated. Expect cops to work.Expect cops to work.
innovative – look for innovative – look for officers to form officers to form relationships with relationships with communitycommunity
Supportive – Developing Supportive – Developing good relationships with good relationships with cops.cops.
Active – P4sActive – P4s
Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster
Organization and Organization and Administration of Administration of
law enforcementlaw enforcement agencies agencies
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