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Page 1: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica

Page 2: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

SPECT in LV Dyssynchrony

Intraventricular Systolic

Dyssynchrony

Diana Páez

Médico Nuclear

Sección de Medicina Nuclear

e Imágenes Diagnósticas

Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica

Page 3: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

• How can we measure it with MPI

• How accurate is it

• How to use it to predict CRT

response

• How to use it to guide CRT lead

placement

SPECT in LV Dyssynchrony Intraventricular Systolic Dyssynchrony

Courtesy of Ernest V. Garcia

Emory University School of Medicine

Page 4: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

Ventricular Synchronicity: Homogeneity of the Onset of Contraction

• Time when the electrical wave of activation

reaches the contractile segment (electrical)

• Time when the contractile segment starts to

thicken (mechanical)

• Time when the corresponding endocardial

segment starts to move inward (mechanical)

• In dyssynchrony electrical activation is not

necessarily equal to mechanical activation Courtesy of

Ernest V. Garcia Emory University School of Medicine

Page 5: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT)

in Heart Failure

• CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC and the MIRACLE trials

• In patients with end-stage HF, depressed LVEF and wide QRS (>120 ms).

• 20% to 30% of these patients do not respond to CRT

• 30% of patients with a wide QRS complex (>120 ms) do not have substantial LV dyssynchrony on echocardiography

• one third of patients with a narrow QRS appear to have substantial LV dyssynchrony on echocardiography

• Results of the PROSPECT trial showed that TDI and myocardial strain-rate is not ready for routine clinical evaluation of LV dyssynchrony.

Page 6: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

Normal Example

Ji Chen , PhD,

Courtesy of Ernest V. Garcia - Emory University School of Medicine

Page 7: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

Measuring LV Systolic Dyssynchrony

using Phase Analysis of Gated MPI

• Phase analysis of ECG-

gated myocardial perfusion

imaging (MPI) have been

developed to measure left-

ventricular dyssynchrony

• Preliminary normal limits

have been generated

Chen et al, J Nucl Cardiol 2005;12:687-95

Courtesy of Ernest V. Garcia - Emory University School of Medicine

Page 8: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

A female patient had class-III HF due to

dilated cardiomyopathy and left bundle

branch block. She improved to class-I

HF after CRT.

Phase SD Bandwidth

Pre CRT 68.9∘

(*p<0.0001)

211∘ (*p<0.0001)

Post CRT 14.4∘

(*p=0.3085)

46∘ (*p=0.0543)

Normal

Limits 11.8±5.2∘ 30.6±9.6∘

Ami E. Iskandrian, MD, University of Alabama at

Birmingham

*One-sample z test

Example of a patient’s phase distributions

before and after CRT

Pre-CRT

Post-CRT

Page 9: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

Example of a patient phase distribution

before and after CRT

Pre-CRT

Post-CRT

Courtesy of Ernest V. Garcia - Emory University School of Medicine

Page 10: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

Which patient will respond to CRT?

Class III Heart Failure

LVEF (Echo) = 32%

Class III Heart Failure

LVEF (Echo) = 27%

Page 11: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

Class III Heart Failure

LVEF (Echo) = 32% Courtesy of Ernest V. Garcia, -

Emory University School of Medicine

Page 12: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

Class III Heart Failure

LVEF (Echo) = 27% Courtesy of Ernest V. Garcia,

Emory University School of Medicine

Page 13: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

Henneman MM, et al, J Nucl Med 2007;48:1104-11

Prediction of patients who will respond to

Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

Class III heart failure,

LVEF=32%

Class IV heart failure,

LVEF=33%

CRT

Class III heart failure,

LVEF=27%

Class I heart failure,

LVEF=33%

CRT

Page 14: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

CRT non-responder due to pacing

a region w/o delayed activation

Slide courtesy

of Ji Chen PhD

Page 15: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

Clinical Evaluation: MPI vs. TDI

• LV dyssynchrony measured by

phase analysis was compared

to that measured by Tissue

Doppler Imaging (TDI) in 75

heart failure patients

• Phase standard deviation and

histogram bandwidth correlated

well with TDI LV

dyssynchrony

• Henneman MM, Chen J, et al,

JACC 2007; 49:1708-1714

• 8 publications in support of our

method

Courtesy of Ernest V. Garcia, Emory University School of Medicine

Page 16: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

Which patients will respond to CRT?

• LV dyssynchrony

measured by phase analysis

of gated SPECT MPI can

be used to predict response

to Cardiac

Resynchronization Therapy

(CRT) with sensitivity and

specificity of 70% and

74% respectively

• Henneman MM, Chen J, et

al. JNM 2007; 48:1104-

1111

Courtesy of Ernest V. Garcia Emory University School of Medicine

Page 17: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

Predicting response to CRT:

Clinical considerations • Patient in HF NYHA Class III or IV?

• LVEF < 35%?

• LV dyssynchronous?

– QRS > 130 ms (electrically)

– Mechanically (accurately and reproducibly)

• Is wall for lead placement viable?

– Bleeker et al, Circulation 2006; 113:969-976

• Is LV lead placed at the latest viable mechanical

activation site? – Boogers, Chen et al, Eur J Nucl Med Mol Im 2011, 38:230-238

Courtesy of Ernest V. Garcia = Emory University School of Medicine

Page 18: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

CRT non-responder due to

pacing a region with scar

Slide courtesy

of Ji Chen PhD

Page 19: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC
Page 20: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

Correlations between LGE-MRI and SPECT MPI

scar burden measurements

LGE-MRI > 50% Transmurality Tc-99m SPECT

3-criteria – NDB, % max &

Thickening

* Apex not assessed by MRI

*

Courtesy of Ernest V. Garcia - Emory University School of Medicine

Page 21: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

Correlations between LGE-MRI and SPECT MPI

scar burden measurements

% Max Counts 3-criteria – NDB, % max & Thickening Courtesy of Ernest V. Garcia - Emory University School of Medicine

Page 22: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

Site of latest mechanical activation by

phase to predict optimal LV lead position

Concordant lead: 6 mo

ΔESV 139 ml → 86 ml

Δ EF 32% → 44%

Disoncordant lead: 6 mo

ΔESV 124 ml → 153 ml

Δ EF 27% → 22%

Boogers, Chen et al,

Eur J Nucl Med Mol Im

2011, 38:230-238

Baseline

6 months later

52 concordant /38 discordant

Page 23: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

Fusion Example of SPECT & CT Venogram

Slide courtesy

of Ji Chen PhD

Page 24: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

• Is widely available: Can be measured with the 3 MPI

software packages

• Processing is automatic and may be applied to previous

acquisitions.

• Can be measured with 8 (or 16) frames/cycle

• Can be measured in low count regions

• Has been shown to be accurate, reproducible and repeatable

in measuring PSD and PHB.

• Uses synchronicity, viability and site of latest mechanical

activation information from an MPI study to predict which

patient will respond to CRT

• Is undergoing a 21 center clinical trial in China (GuideCRT)

SPECT in Cardiac Dyssynchrony

Page 25: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC
Page 26: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

Nuevos horizontes en equipos

Llamas del nacimiento

de

una estrella

Page 27: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

SPECT CT

Page 28: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

Valor agregado

Corrección de atenuación del

SPECT y el PET incrementando

su exactitud diagnóstica

Correlación anatómica de las

placas de calcio con la

información fisiológica del flujo =

puede mejorar la evaluación de

la extensión y severidad de la

CAD y guiar de forma mas

precisa la decisión del manejo

terapéutico

RCA

LM

CX

LAD

Su mayor potencial esta dado por:

Page 29: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

C

U

Corrección de atenuación con CT estudio en reposo

Data Courtesy of University of Michigan

Case: Mujer de 54 años, Historia de CAD, IM posterior a transplante renal.

Estudio: GSPECT en reposo, 25 mCi Tc99m Tetrofosmin y CT

C: 17/68 = 25%

NC: 28/68 = 41%

C

NC

Page 30: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC
Page 31: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

Evaluación de

Calcio Coronario

y

Morfología de la

Placa Coronaria

Page 32: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

Headline Headline

RAO 30 LAO 90/0 RAO 30

[Courtesy of: Grosshadern Clinic, Munich]

Proyecciones Angio TC coronaria

DA

CD

LM DA CX CD

Page 33: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

Simulación Phantom Cardiaco:

Arterias Coronarias

Resolución isotrópica espacial en 3D

Stents Placa Blanda

Placa

Calcifica.

AA

LA RA

RV

RCA

LAD

Indice de calcio coronario

Page 34: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

Visualización de Placa No-Calcificada

Blanda <50HU, Intermedia 50-120HU, Calcificada >120HU [Schröder, Kopp et al, University Tübingen: JACC 2001, 37, 1430-1435]

MSCT < 50 HU

Coro < 50%

ICUS “blanda”

MSCT > 50 HU

Coro 50%

ICUS “Intermedia”

Page 35: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

Placa Coronaria No

calcificada

CT : Slab-MIP

Angio Coronaria

CT : 3D-VRT

[Becker, Knez, Ohnesorge et al, Klinikum Grosshadern, AJR 2000;175 ]

Page 36: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

Detección de placa

calcificada

Curved MPR

• 90% Estenosis Calcificada en la DA

Page 37: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

Índice de

calcio

Placa (carga de calcio) Probabilidad de CAD Implicación de

riesgo CV

Recomendaciones

0 Placa no identificable Muy baja Muy Baja Prevención primaria

1-10 Placa con carga

minina identificable

Muy baja Mínima Prevención primaria

11-100 Placa con carga leve <2% tienen isquemia Leve Control factores de riesgo

(FR). ASA diaria

101 -400 Placa con carga

moderada

20% tienen isquemia Moderadamente

alta

Control FR Prevención

secundaria (terapia atero-

esclerótica). Considerar P

de E para estatificación

de riesgo. ASA diaria

400 - 1000 Placa extensa Alta probabilidad 45% al

menos una lesión con

estenosis significativa

Alta Control agresivo de FR

Considerar PM

Asa diaria

>400 Placa extensa Alta probabilidad >50%

al menos una lesión con

estenosis significativa

Alta Control agresivo de FR

Considerar PM

Asa diaria

>1000 Placa muy extensa Muy alta probabilidad Muy Alta PM

Page 38: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

PM E INDICE DE CALCIO

Altamente complementarios

PM pronóstico a corto plazo

IC pronóstico a largo plazo

Ateroesclerosis subclínica alto riesgo de

desarrollar CAD a largo plazo = modificación

factores de riesgo

Page 39: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

Integración del SPECT y CT para

guía terapéutica

La evidencia actual sugiere que la combinación de

ICC y SPECT es mejor que el SPECT sólo para

determinar la necesidad de una terapia más agresiva

Más que identificar el riesgo del paciente el propósito

de las imágenes de PM en una estrategia combinada

es la identificación de pacientes que se pueden

beneficiar de RVM o intervención para prevención de

isquemia o reducción de riesgo

Page 40: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

Relación entre Calcio coronario y anormalidades en SPECT

1 de 50 pacientes con calcio <100 tendrá SPECT anormal

1de 3 /4 pacientes con calcio > 400 tendrá SPECT anormal

SCORE DE CALCIO CORONARIO

Page 41: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC
Page 42: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC
Page 43: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

Caso

Page 44: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

Datos Cortesía de Jaslok Hospital. Mumbai, India

Caso: Hombre de 54 años con enfermedad coronaria conocida.

Hallazgos: Defecto reversible, pequeño en el tercio medio y basal de la pared inferior.

Defecto en tercio medio de la pared anterior . Consistente con enfermedad de dos vasos

Page 45: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

Hallazgos: Índice de Calcio TC deposito de calcio en el tercio medio de la DA y de la CD.

TC evidencia placa calcificada con componente no calcificado en la DA y la CD.

Perfusión Miocárdica con Angio TC

Datos Cortesía de Jaslok Hospital. Mumbai, India

Page 46: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

Futuro de las imágenes de Cardiología Nuclear

PRESENTE

Dx y pronóstico de EAC

Dx infarto y estratificación de riesgo

Evaluación de función ventricular izquierda en pacientes con ICC

Evaluación miocardio aturdido, Hibernante y Viabilidad

FUTURO

Instrumentación

Desarrollo de un agente ideal con

Alta extracción - Que refleje el verdadero flujo sanguíneo obtenido durante el

ejercicio o el estrés farmacológico

Que se mantenga atrapado en el tejido después de la captación inicial

Que no se afecte por la atenuación

Bio-distribución que no afecte la calidad de la imagen

Vida media corta pero suficiente para permitir el estudio

Page 47: Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica · 2018. 5. 7. · Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure •CRT was approved by the FDA in 2001 based on the the MUSTIC

Gracias