PRESENTATION ON ORANISATION GROUP

ByK. Vignesh12PCC807

The term group refers to two or more individuals who bear an explicit psychological relationship to one another.

In general, a number of people together at a given place and given time can be considered as a group.

Meaning:

‘A group is the largest set of two or more individuals who are jointly characterized by a network of relevant communications, a shared sense of collective identify and one or more shared dispositions with associated normative strength’.

-By David Horton.

Definition:

INTERACTION AMONG MEMBERS

SHARED GOALS

PEOPLE SEE THEMSELVES AS MEMBERS

TWO OR MORE PEOPLE

Characteristics:

Types of group:

Formal • Command• Task

Informal • Interest • Friendship

Primary & Secondary

In formal group, the behaviors that one should engage in are stipulated by and directed towards organizational goals.

The six members making up an airline flight crew are an example of a formal group.

A group is a formal when it is purposely designed to accomplish an organisation objective or task.

It is created via a formal authority for some defined purpose.

Formal group:

Command group: A command group is determined by the

organisational chart. It is composed of the subordinates who

report directly to a given manager. An elementary school principal and his/her

12 teacher form a command group, as do the director of postal audits and his five inspectors.

Formal group (cont):

Task group: Task groups, also organizationally

determined, represent those working together to complete a job task.

However, a task group’s boundaries are not limited to its immediate hierarchical superior.

It can cross command relationships.

Formal group(cont):

Counteraction group:It exists when members interact to

resolve some type of conflict, usually through negotiation and compromise.

A labor-management negotiating group is one example of a counteracting group.

Coaching group:It exists when group members perform

their jobs relatively independently in the short run.

Types of task groups:

For example, students enrolled in the same course may participate relatively independently of each other in class discussions but act interdependently with others in under taking a team project.

Interacting groups:Interacting group refers to the

dynamics of the team and the way individuals in the group interact with one another.

Types of task groups(cont):

Informal groups are the natural and spontaneous grouping of people whenever they work together over a period of time.

Whenever people interact and work together over a certain period of time, it’s very natural for them and it comes very spontaneously for them, that they form informal groups.

Informal groups:

Interest group:Established to meet a mutual objective

(agroup formed to lobby management for morefringe benefits).

Friendship group:Formed because members have

somethingin common.

Informal group(cont):

A primary group is typically a small social group whose members share close, personal, enduring relationships.

These groups are marked by members' concern for one another, in shared activities and culture.

Examples include family, childhood friends, and highly influential social groups.

Primary & Secondary group:

People in a secondary group interact on a less personal level than in a primary group, and their relationships are temporary rather than long lasting.

Since secondary groups are established to perform functions, people’s roles are more interchangeable.

A secondary group is one you have chosen to be a part of. They are based on interests and activities. 

 Examples of these would be employment, vendor-to-client relationships, etc

Primary & Secondary group(cont):

Why do people join groups:

Security

power

status

Goal achieve

ment

Perception approach: People who seethemselves as part of group constitute a group.Teams are mature groups with a degree ofmember interdependence and motivation toachieve common goals. Teams start out asgroups, but not all groups become teams.Organization approach: emphasizes groupcharacteristics to define a group: an organizedsystem of individual who are connected withone another.

The nature of groups:

Motivation approach: a group is a collection ofindividuals whose collective existence satisfiesneeds.Interaction approach: Two or more individualsinteracting with each other in order to accomplisha common goal. This definition specifies threeminimum requirements for a group to exist:

I. Size—must be two or more individuals.II. Interaction—must be some form of

exchange or communication.III. Purpose—must be trying to accomplish a goal.

The nature of groups(cont):

The group dynamics is that division of social psychology that investigates the formation and change in the structure and functions of the psychological grouping of people into self-directing wholes.

Group dynamics:

Group norms are a set of beliefs, feelings andattitudes commonly shared by group members. Theseare also referred to as rules & standards ofbehavior that apply to group members.  Norms serve three functions in groups:PredictiveControl Rational.1. As first, norms provide a basis for understanding

behavior of others 2. Second, norms regulate the behavior of members.3. Finally, some norms define relationships among

roles.

GROUP NORMS:

A characteristic feature of groups which is particularly important for the behaviour of their members is COHESIVENESS Extent to which the members are attracted to each other.

It is the degree to which members are attached to and motivated to remain a part of a group.

GROUP COHESIVENESS:

INTERACTION

THREAT

SIZE

CO-OPERATION SHARED GOALS

ATTITUDES & VALUES

SOLVING PROBLEMS

SOURCES OF COHESIVENESS:

Decision making is the process of choosing a course of action among alternatives. 

It is important to understand decision making process in the organizational behaviour because choice processes play a vital role in communication, motivation, leadership, and other aspects of individual, group and organizational interfaces.

Decision Making in groups:

DIGNOSE THE PROBLEM

DEVELOP ALTERNATIVS

EVALUATE ALTERNATIVES AND SELECT THE BEST ONE

IMPLEMENTING AND MONITORING

Decision making process:

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