organisational behaviour dr seema sant. lecture plan structure of the course issues to explore in...
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Organisational Behaviour
Dr Seema Sant
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Lecture plan
• Structure of the course
• Issues to explore in the course
• Historical overview
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SOME RECOMMENDED SOURCES
• References: • 1) Understanding Organizational Behavior – Udai
Pareek• 2) Organizational Behavior – Stephen Robbins• 3) Organizational Behavior – Fred Luthans• 4) Organizational Behavior – L. M. Prasad (Sultan
Chand)
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Organizational behaviour (OB)
“the study of human behaviour in organizational
contexts with a focus on individual and group
processes and actions” (pp.2)
Issues to explore in the course
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Issues to explore in the course
Hong Kong stock exchange, 1994
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“An intitative approach [to organisations] fails to represent what it means to be human, misrepresents the qualities of the relational processes and, more
generally, grossly distorts the relationships between person and organisation” (Hoskings and Morley 1991:IX)
Issues to explore in the course
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“The relationship between a person and a context involves accommodation (changing oneself) and assimilation (changing the context)… people are both products of their contexts and participants in the shaping of those contexts.” (Hoskings and Morley, 1991:5)
Any Question?
Issues to explore in the course
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The notion of an organisation as an imperative, absolute entity, is the direct outcome of historical transformations occurred in Europe and North America from the end of the 18th century onwards:
Before the 19th Century:
• Experience of Artisan work (e.g. Ironsmith)
– Technical skills, personal competence and craft pride constitutive of the working process.
Industrial revolution in the 19th Century
– Close relationship between the subject of work and his/her activity was lost
Historical overview
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Early 20th Century: ‘Classical approach’
Advent of scientific management (F.W. Taylor)
– Aim: controlling labour through science
– Far-reaching process of establishing control and surveillance: to discipline the mind and body of the productive subject was the central concern.
– Deconstruction of the task from ‘within’– Rigid control over time and body movements
– Conception and execution as separate domains in hierarchical relationships
Technology for social control
Historical overview
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Historical overview
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Historical overviewHawthorne Studies and the Human RelationsMovement (Elton Mayo, 1923-1933)
– Hawthorne studies: environment and productivity? – Results: organizations are social systems, not just technical
economical systems– Groups, teamwork, different job roles, human relations are
of great significance in organizations– We are motivated by many needs– Leadership should be modified to include concepts of
human relations
A new discipline of human behaviour and, by extension, Organisational behaviour. (1960s)
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Systems Rationalist approachModern Approach
1. The organization seen as an open socio-technical system.
2. The existence of subsystems which interact with one another.
3. Management is a distinct subsystem which is responsible for direction and coordination of all other subsystems.
Organisation (open system view)
Transformation process outputsinputs
Historical overview
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Andreas Gursky’s The factory
► People’s subjectivity in relation to organisational processes.► Political and cultural nature of social relations.► Social construction of organisational reality, co-creation of the
phenomenon you are seeking to study.
Historical overview
Symbolic-Interpretative perspective
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Psychosocial
OrganizationalBehavior
BehavioralInterpersonal
Organizational Behavior: Dynamics in Organizations
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OrganizationalDesign
Jobs
WorkDesign
PerformanceAppraisal
OrganizationalStructure
Organizational Variables that Affect Human Behavior
Communication
HumanBehavior
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Human Behaviorin the
Organization
Clockworks or Snake pit?
Organizational vs. Individual Point of View
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Internal/External Perspective of Human Behavior
Understand behavior in terms of
External events, environmental forces, & behavioral consequences
Thoughts,feelings, past experiences, and needs
Explain behavior by examining
Surrounding external events & environmental forces
Individuals’ history & personal value system
Internal Perspective External Perspective
Each perspective has produced motivational & leadership theories.
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Psychology the science of
human behavior
Management the study of overseeing
activities and supervising people in organizations
Anthropologythe science of the learned behavior of human beings
Medicine the applied science of healing or treatment of diseases to enhance an individual’s health and
well-being
Engineering the applied science of energy & matter
Sociology the science of society
Interdisciplinary Influences on Organizational
Behavior
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Toward an OB Discipline
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Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field
E X H I B I T 1–3 (cont’d)
E X H I B I T 1–3 (cont’d)
PsychologyThe science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals.
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Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field (cont’d)
E X H I B I T 1–3 (cont’d)
E X H I B I T 1–3 (cont’d)
SociologyThe study of people in relation to their fellow human beings.
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Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field (cont’d)
E X H I B I T 1–3 (cont’d)
E X H I B I T 1–3 (cont’d)
Social PsychologyAn area within psychology that blends concepts from psychology and sociology and that focuses on the influence of people on one another.
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Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field (cont’d)
E X H I B I T 1–3 (cont’d)
E X H I B I T 1–3 (cont’d)
AnthropologyThe study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities.
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Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field (cont’d)
E X H I B I T 1–3 (cont’d)
E X H I B I T 1–3 (cont’d)
Political ScienceThe study of the behavior of individuals and groups within a political environment.
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To explore in the course
BY INTRODUCING DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF PEOPLE AND ORGANISATIONS, WE HOPE:
TO STIMULATE YOUR SEARCH FOR NEW KNOWLEDGE, CREATIVITY AND SKILLS AS ORGANISATIONAL PRACTITIONERS