3 OF THE MORE THAN 3500 EASTMAN ORGANIC CHEMICALS

N-C-Cl

H H

HO-C-C-C-C-OH11 110 OHH 0

Help from sap ...L-AMalic Acid (Eastman 543) findsits biggest use in asymmetric syn-thesis to separate racemic mixtures,which are formed when a humanchemist totally synthesizes a com-pound having optical isomerism.For the separation it pays to get helpalong the way from nature-or atleast from sugar bush men and stateforesters. We ask them from time totime for hints as to where we canget "sugar sand," the residue leftfrom concentrating maple syrup.This is crude calcium L-malate, andit comes in looking like a very poorgrade of maple sugar. By treating itwith H2SO4, we get nice, white crys-tals of pure L-malic acid. They'requite sour but pleasantly so, as ingreen apples. We also carry DL-Malic Acid (Eastman P942). It'smade in a dyestuffs plant, and wedon't bother to taste it.

H2N- 73 X-NH2

Old fashioned, special ...Benzidine was well known as a rea-gent for the detection of blood backin the serene years when the flavorof chemistry was pervasively Teu-tonic. Then the Hohenzollernsturned bellicose, their chemistrywas dammed off, and Eastman Or-ganic Chemicals relieved the or-ganic reagents drought. Benzidinewas one of the first of them. We'velearned a lot of new chemistry in theyears since scientific men discardedtheir derbies, but benzidine is stillan excellent reagent for the detec-tion of blood and the microdetermi-nation of hemoglobin, especially ifthe reagent is purified. Now we'veput it in the news again by launchinga grade of benzidine designated asEastman X33, where we have donethe special purifying for you andtested it for blood analysis. Ab-stracts free.

Never mind the phosgene...Diphentylcarbarnyl Chloride (Eastman801), a reagent for the identifica-tion of phenols, particularly nitro-phenols, by the formation of sharplymelting esters, is another old timer.We shall gladlysend you an abstractof the procedure. (Another reagentof the same type for phenol identifi-cation is Chloroacetic Acid (Eastman68), but it won't work for nitro-phenols.) In the old days analystshad to make their own diphenylcar-bamyl chloride by reacting diphenyl-amine, common stabilizer for TNT,with phosgene, the "ancient" wargas. Nowadays, though, instead ofdisplaying your bravery by manipu-lating compressed phosgene, it's alot more sensible to order the rea-gent from our well-stocked shelves.

In our List No. 38, just issued, youwill find more than 3500 other or-ganic compounds. If you haven't re-ceived your copy yet, please writeDistillation Products Industries, East-man Organic Chemicals Depart-ment, 623 Ridge Road West, Roch-ester 3, N. Y. (Division of EastmanKodak Company).

September 19, 1952

Eastman Organic Chemicalsfor science and industry

Also. ..vitamins A and E. ..distilled monoglycerides. . . high vacuum equipment

13

0

GET YOUR ADVANCE COPYof the General Program-Directoryof the St. Louis Meeting of the AAAS

By first class mail - early in DecemberThe General Program-Directory of the 19th Meeting of the AAAS in St. Louis, December 26-31,

1952, will be available to anyone, at cost, within the first week in December-whether he can attendthe Meeting or not. This year the General Program will be much simplified in format and the Directorycontent increased. You will want it for your reference shelf.

Program content Directory content

1. The General Symposia: "Disaster Recovery" and 1. AAAS officers and staff for 1952."The Nation's Nutrition." 2. Complete roll of AAAS presidents and their fields.

2. Programs of the 18 AAAS sections and subsections(symposia and contributed papers). 3. The 236 affiliated organizations.

3. Programs of the more than 30 participating societies. 4. Historical sketch and organization of the Associa-4. The Special Sessions: AAAS, Academy Conference, tion.

Conference on Scientific Manpower II, National 5. Publications of the Association.Geographic Society, Phi Beta Kappa, RESA,Sigma Xi. 6. AAAS Awards and Grants-including all past

winners.5. Details of the Kiel Auditorium, downtown hotels,

Washington University. 7. Membership figures by sections.6. Titles of the latest scientific films to be shown in 8. Section committees (Council members) in detail.

the AAAS Science Theatre.7. Exhibitors in the 1952 Annual Exposition of Science 9. Local committees.

and Industry and descriptions of their exhibits. 10. Future Meetings of the AAAS.

Advance RegistrationAdvance registration-if you can attend the Meeting-has these advantages: 1)You avoid delay at Registration

Desks upon arrival; 2)You receive the General Program-Directory in ample time, unhurriedly, to decide amongevents and sessions you particularly wish to attend; 3) Your name is posted in the Visible Directory as the Meetingopens.

The coupon below may be used both by advance registrants and by those who wish onlythe advance copy of the General Program-Directory.

THIS IS YOUR COUPON FOR AN ADVANCE COPY OF THE GENERAL PROGRAM-DIRECTORY ---

1a. E Enclosed is $2.50 for my advance Registration Fee which brings me the Program-Directory, Convention Badge,and all privileges of the Meeting.

lb. E Enclosed is $1.50 for only the Program-Directory. (If you should attend the Meeting, later, Badge and privilegesmay be secured for $1.00 more,.)

(Check one)

2. FULL NAME (Dr., Miss, etc.) ....................................................................(Please print or typewrite) (Last) (First) (Initial)

3. ACADEMIC, PROFESSIONAL, ORBUSINESS CONNECTION .......................................................................

4. OFFICE OR HOME ADDRESS ..............................-(For receipt of Program-Directory)

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6. CONVENTION ADDRESS ........................................................................(May be added later, after arrival)

Please mail this Coupon and your check or money order for $2.50 or $1.50 to theAMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

1515 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington 5, D. C.

14 SCIEZNCE, Vol. 116

_IMPORTANT NEW BOOlKS

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. New 2nd EditionBy Lucius J. DESHA, Washington and Lee University. Ready in October

Offering a "unified" treatment of aliphatic and aromatic compounds, this text guides the studenttoward an understanding of scientific principles through the study of specific compounds whichillustrate them. New concepts and terminology are introduced gradually and are explained in suffi-cient detail to give them meaning. Illustrative material has been chosen primarily from substancesof industrial importance and general public interest.

INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF PHYSICALCHEMISTRY

By Louis P. HAMMErr, Columbia University. International Chemical Series. 427 pages, $6.00Considers "physical chemistry" as a method of obtaining and organizing information about thephenomena of nature; namely, the method of using quantitative and mathematical techniques inthe attack on the problems of chemistry. It is designed for college seniors, majoring in chemistry.For these students, the book offers examples of all the more important methods employed by thephysical chemist and supplies problems to help the student develop his own ability to use thesemethods.

MESON PHYSICSBy ROBERT E. MARSHAK, University of Rochester. International Series in Pure and AppliedPhysics, Ready in October

A stimulating new book which surveys the essential results of recent meson experiments with par-ticular emphasis on their theoretical significance. Since the discovery of mesons in 1947 many-indis-putable facts concerning mesons have been established, many of which suggest promising linesfor future experimentation. It is the author's purpose to record available data, including most ofthe original references of the past four years, and to suggest the dramatic nature of the meson story.

MESONS. A Summary of Experimental FactsBy ALAN M. THORNDIKE, Brookhaven National Laboratory. International Series in Pure andApplied Physics. 240 pages. $5.50

A relatively non-mathematical text on mesons and their importance in the atomic nudeus, this bookgives a systematic summary of experimental results concerning mesons, especially those which haveto do with the relation of mesons to nuclear forces and with the relations between elementary par-ticles. Includes historical information and details upon which a critical evaluation of the experi-ments can be based.

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McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY, Inc.330 West 42nd Street New York 36, N.Y.September 19, 19-39- 15

3 Outstanding texts in genetics and evolution!

EVOLUTION 1N THE GENUS DROSOPHILAJ. T. PATTERSON & W. C. STONE * University of TexasIn the most intensive text treatment of any living genus, two noted scientistssummarize the most significant developments in the field of experimental evo-lution. The book deals with the evolution of genus drosophila as demonstratedby living forms and concerns itself mainly with isolating mechanisms, withgenetic systems shown by hybrids, and with the cytology of over 1/3 (215) ofthe known species of the genus. Ready this fall.

GENETICS IN THE 20th CENTURYL. C. DUNN, Editor * Columbia UniversityNever before has the thinking of so many important leaders in the field ofgenetics been brought together in a single book. This is a collection of papersprepared for the Golden Jubilee Meeting of the Genetics Society of America.It surveys the development of the science, its present content and future prom-ise, and its actual and potential contributions to human society. $5.00.

EVOLUTION EMERGINGW. K. GREGORY * Emeritus, Columbia UniversityA penetrating two-volume study of the panorama of emerging evolution, thisepic work, by a world-renowned paleontologist, traces live on earth fromits earliest beginnings through man and the myriad species we know today. Thevolumes are organized as separate units-one of text, the other of illustrations-each paralleling the other in content. Two-Volume Set, $20.00.

THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 60 Fifth Ave., N. Y.

September 19, 1952

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POLAROGRAPHYSecond completely revised and augmented edition. In Two Volumes.Volume I-THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES, INSTRUMENTATION AND

TECHNIQUE.438 pages, 150 illus., 27 tables. $9.00

Volume II-INORGANIC AND ORGANIC POLAROGRAPHY, BIOLOGI-CAL APPLICATIONS, AMPEROMETRIC TITRATIONS.

Ready September. 566 pages, 75 illus., 104 tables. $11.00

By I. M. KOLTHOFF, Professor and Head of Division of Analytical Chemistry, Universityof Minnesota, and JAMES J. LINGANE, Professor of Chemistry, Harvard University.

The publication of the first edition of this book inaugurated a new era in polarography. Num-erous new fields of application were introduced, and a deeper understanding of the theoreticalfundamentals led to a more critical approach to experimental results. The literary output ofthis "polarographic movement" resulted in tripling of the published literature. It needed thesuperior guidance of I. M. Kolthoff and James J. Lingane, aided by Stanley Wawzonek in thefield of organic polarography, to present again the wealth of material in a well-organized andintegrated unit. Polarography wiRl thus remain the definitive treatise for every one who mustuse this type of measurement in scientific and industrial investigations.

MOLYBDENUM COMPOUNDS-Their Chemistry and Technology

424 pages, 28 illus., 13 tables. $11.00By D. H. KILLEFFER, Chemical Consultant, and ARTHUR LINZ, Vice-President, ClimaxMolybdenum Company. With a special chapter on the Structural Chemistry of Molybdenum,by Linus Pauling.

This volume, which emphasizes the great variety of applications of molybdenum compounds,contains a complete survey of pure and applied molybdenum chemistry. It includes a specialannotated bibliography of the patent and technical literature dealing with molybdenum as acatalyst for inorganic and organic relations.

FIVE-MEMBERED HETEROCYCUC COMPOUNDS WITHNITROGEN AND SULFUR OR NITROGEN, SULFUR,AND OXYGEN (EXCEPT THIAZOLE)

416 pages, 4 illus., 72 tables. $14.00 (subscription price $12.60)

By L. L. BAMBAS, Parke, Davis and Company.

This is the fourth volume to appear in Weissberger's series, The Chemistry of HeterocyclicCompounds, which is devoted to a modern detailed and comprehensive presentation ofheterocycic chemistry. This monograph treats the thiazoles, the five-membered ring compoundswith N, S and 0, the isothiazoles-and their many derivatives and selenium analogs. All arecompounds of great theoretical and practical importance.

Write for our free 1952 catalog. Address your request to: CATALOG DEPARTMENT

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Expanding privately endowed laboratory, photochemical and photo-synthesis research, has openings in physics; physical, organic,analytical, biological chemistry; plant physiology; spectrography;instrumentation; apparatus; etc. Write for application form.Charles F. Kettering Foundation, Far Hills Post Office, Dayton 9,Ohio. X

Positions Open:(a) Director of Clinical Investigation; key appointment carry-ing membership executive committee; physician, preferably intern-ist; leading pharmaceutical company. (b) Physician with flairfor medical writhig; key position; one of leading pharmaceuticalcompanies; Midwest. (e) Medical Director and, also ProductionControl Supervisor, large pharmaceutical company; East. (d)Bacteriologist-Immunologist of considerable resourcefulness toconduct research project; university college of agriculture. (e)Biochemist; preferably Ph.D. to direct department of chemistry;large general hospital; vicinity New York City. (f) Scientist withminimum year's full-time experience, radioisotope techniques; ex-

perience also mammalian endocrinology required; new radioisotopeunit, teaching hospital; opportunity academic association. S9-3Science Division, Medical Bureau (Burneice Larson, Director)Palmolive Building, Chicago. X

Wanted: Urnversity graduate well prepared in histochemistry toprepare microscopic slides in comparative histology and embryol-ogy. Partnership in business possible. Box 281, SCIENCE.

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SCIENCE, Vol. 116

YOUR ad here reaches over 32,000 foremost scientistsin the leading educational institutions, industriallaboratories, and research foundations in the U. S.and 76 foreign countries-at a very low cost

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* Fishman, W. H., et al., 1. B. C. 173, 449 (1948).t Corcoran, A. C., et al., J. Lab. & Clin. Med. 36,297 (1950).

UricaseOry stable preparation derived from kidney-more potentthan available commercial uricase preparations. It isstandardized, so that 5 mg. will catalyze the conversionof one micromole of uric acid to non-chromogenic endproducts in 90 minutes at 45° C*.

* Wolfson, W. Q., et al., J. Expt. Med. 92, 121-27 (1950).Also available-Cytochrome C, vials of 50 mg. (10cc).Write for oata2og ls8ting other important biochemicals.VIOBIN Laboratories a Monticello, Illinois

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22 SCElNCEc, Vol. 1] 6

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What GENERAL ELECTRIC People Are Saying

T. M. BERRYJ. P. HANNAGeneral Engineering LaboratoryFERROMAGNETOGRAPHY: Many of the problemsof business, particularlv in the field of account-ing, involve not only the processing of largeamnounts of information but also the output ofrelatively large amounts of printed mattershowing the results. Digital computer tech-niques could be adapted to the solution ofsuch problems only if faster printing techniquescould be developed to keep pace with elec-tronic computations.This leads us to General Electric's develop-

ment of "ferromagnetography," a new andbasic principle in printing. This is a methodthrough which the printed and written text andpictures are reproduced by: (1) forming mag-netic images on thin sheets of permanent-inagnetic material; (2) making these imagesvisible by the deposition of tinv ferromagneticparticles; (3) transferring these particles to amedium such as paper.A permanent-magnetic stylus (the magnetic

field of which is concentrated at the point)can be used for writing and drawing magneticiniages.

Magnetic materials with current-carryingcoils about them (electro-magnets) can be usedin place of the permanent magnets to makeimages. If the current is varied, the strength ofthe magnetic image also varies. In this wav youcan vary the magnetic field from zero throuighmaximum to zero in a few millionths of asecond. Therefore, magnetic images can beformed at rates up to tens of thousands persecond. Here we have the basis for high-speedprinting.

If you bring a suspension of iron particlesinto contact with the magnetized portion of thesheet, they form a figure, being held by theforce of magnetic attraction.

Transfer of this image to paper or othermedia is a tricky process. One way is by theuse of an adhesive or bonding agent. Or, insteadof removing the particles, you can use themagnetic sheet as the printer uses his press;that is, coat the particles with printing inkand run off copies.

G-E RevliewJuly, 1952

W. R. G. BAKER

Electronics DivisionELECTRONICS-PROMIISE AND I{EALITY: Weare surrounded by evidence that the electronicevolution, if you wish to call it that, is wellunder way.

First to feel the greatest effect will be thecontinuous process, unchanging product fac-tory. Next, I believe, or even concurrently, willbe the industries with long run mass productionof a relativelv few products. Third, I believewill be the job lot plant, with electronic deviceseven here taking over the monotonous repeti-tive jobs.

Perhaps equally as important as electroniccontrols will be the increased use of electroniccommunication and the integration of com-munications with both production and dis-tribution.

Again, as in electronic controls, we havemany of the bits and pieces that can make upan integrated electronic business svstem. Wehave closed eirctuit industrial television, micro-wave and facsimile for transmission of businessinformation, electronic memory devices andcompuiters, telemetering for reading gages atlong dlistances. electronic business machines.

Broadlv, this is the promise that electronicsholds for us. It offers us a means to increasepr)ductivity and therefore our standard ofliving. It offers us quicker and better methodsof commuinications in all areas of industrv,commerce, education and entertainment. Itoffers us a wav of making better use of ourskills. It offers us a wav of bolstering our de-fenses against aggression.We must continue to invest in research, to

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