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Organic Rankine CyclePower Generation

Pratt & Whitney Power Systems ORC Power Solutions

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ORC Applications

• PWPS / Turboden designs & manufactures Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) turbogenerators

• 30 years of ORC experience

• Sizes from 1MW to 10 MW an up.

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Heat In – Power Out

The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC)

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ORC THERMODYNAMIC PRINCIPLETE

MPE

RAT

UR

E

ENTROPYWATER

THERMAL OIL

THERMAL OIL

Evaporator

Pump

Condenser

WATER

Regenerator

Generator

The turbogenerator uses the hot temperature thermal oil to pre-heat and vaporize a suitable organic workingfluid in the evaporator (8 3 4). The organic fluid vapor powers the turbine (4 5), which is directly coupled to theelectric generator through an elastic coupling. The exhaust vapor flows through the regenerator (5 9) where itheats the organic liquid (2 8). The vapor is then condensed in the condenser (cooled by the water flow) (9 61). The organic fluid liquid is finally pumped (1 2) to the regenerator and then to the evaporator, thuscompleting the sequence of operations in the closed-loop circuit.

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EFFICIENCY APPLICATION HEAT CARRIER HEAT RELEASE

Efficiency is a Function of Temperature

Biomass / HeatRecovery / CSP

Thermal Oil590°F

Water80°F

24%

Biomass (CHP) Thermal Oil590°F

Water170°F19%

Heat RecoveryThermal Oil

530°FWater80°F19%

Geothermal / HeatRecovery

Water355°F

Water85°F16%

Geothermal Water220°F

Water50°F10%

Geothermal / HeatRecovery

Water195°F

Air60°F

7.5%

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ORC Configurations

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TD UNITS – MAIN COMPONENTS

7

Evaporator

Preheater

Condenser-Recuperator

Feed Pump

Electric cubicles

Electric generator

ORC turbine

ORC heat input (thermal oil) ORC heat output (hot water)

1 MWe modular ORC unit

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BIOMASS CHP APPLICATIONS

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HIGH OVERALL CHP EFFICIENCIES

100 %

20 %

2 %

78%

Thermal power from thermal oil

Thermal power to heat users

Thermal losses (insulation and generator losses)

Gross electric power

• Gross electric efficiency: nearly 20%• Overall energy efficiency: 98%• Gross electric efficiency: nearly 20%• Overall energy efficiency: 98%

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CHP UNITS – STANDARD SIZES

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Heat Recovery Applications (HR & HRS)

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HEAT RECOVERY APPLICATIONS

Typical limitsGAS

>480°F (250°C)LIQUID

>195°F (90°C)STEAM / VAPOR

Cement

Glass

Oil & Gas

Chemicals

Steel / Non Ferrous

Pulp & Paper

Food

Waste treatment

Thermal Oxidizers

Power generation

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HIGH ELECTRICAL EFFICIENCY UNITS

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IC ENGINES: UP TO 10 % ADD’L POWER

ORCTURBODEN

Heat recovery exchanger

gas/thermal oil

Exhaust gas Filters /

Chimney

Heat dissipation system

(dry or wet)

Cooling water circuit

ELECTRIC POWER

Thermaloil circuit

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IC Engine – TYPICAL OUTPUTS

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GAS TURBINES: UP TO 30% ADD’L POWER

Heat recovery

exchanger

Filters / Chimney

Heat dissipation system (dry or wet)

Cooling circuit

ELECTRIC POWER

Gas Turbine

Thermal oil / Steam / Pressurised water

circuits

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ORC suitable for heat recovery in:• Remote/unmanned locations with variable operating loads (ex., gas

compressor stations)• Continuous applications• “Peak load” power stations (easy and fast start-up procedures)

NOTE: Indicative values assumingambient air temperature of 15°C, Gas Turbines operating at nominal load; calculations based on Gas Turbine exhaust gas properties as reported in specific suppliers web sites.

GAS TURBINES – TYPICAL OUTPUTS

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SYSTEM ADVANTAGES

• Completely automated – no operator in most case• Very low O&M Costs• No effect on main power plant operation• Simple Start/Stop procedures• Maintains good efficiency at partial load• Low turbine RPM, low mechanical stress• Can reach efficiencies up to 25%• Do not consume water• Remotely monitored and controlled• Turn-down to 10% of nominal power• Quiet Operation

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Installed Cost

• Installed cost varies widely• ~$1800 – $3000/kW• Depends on:

- Heat quality and Accessibility- Cooling: air/temp, water/humidity- Electrical interconnect - Project location- Labor rates

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Electricity Price for 5yr Payback

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THANK YOU !