organic chemistry the chemistry of life / the chemistry of carbon a. historical perspective 1....
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Organic Chemistry The Chemistry Of Life / The Chemistry of Carbon
A. Historical Perspective1. Vitalism: The belief that “life forces” outside of
physical laws govern the interaction of chemicals in living things
“Only living things can make organic compounds”
2. Mechanism: The belief that chemical interactions
can be explained by physical laws
“Any organic compound can be made in a test tube”
Urea
CD
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Properties of Carbon“Carbon is the tinker toy of life”
Property of Carbon Biological Implication
1. Tetra valence 1. Carbon can form up to 4 covalent bonds for many “links”
2. Bond to itself 2. Carbon can form long chains or rings to form large molecules
3. Can form double and triple bonds
3. Different bond types will change the reactivity of the molecule
4. Weak yet strong bonds 4. Weak enough to metabolize and recycle but strong enough for stability
5. “Infinite” arrangements
Structural vs. Molecular formulas
C4H10
5. Can form isomers
a) structural
b) geometric
c) enantiomers
CD Activity
H040202.swf
H040203.swf
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Functional Groups: Molecules that give Carbon Compounds Distinct Characteristics
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Personality:
1. Very Polar
2. OH groups on non-polar compounds allow the
non-polar compounds to become soluble in
water
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Personality:
1. Aldehyde : Polar, Found at the end of the molecule. Many are
metabolic intermediates
2. Ketone: Non-Polar, Found in the Middle of the molecules
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Personality:
1. Polar
2. The “acid” part of an amino acid
3. Weak acid and can act as a buffer
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Personality:
1. Forms the Amine end of an amino acid
2. Polar
3. Tends to act like a base
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Personality:
1. Polar
2. Will form strong “di-sulfide bonds” (S-S) with other thiols
3. Will greatly influence shape of proteins
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Personality:
1. Very Polar
2. Important as:
a) Energy transport (ATP), Destabilizes molecules
b) Emulsifiers / Cell Membranes
c) Structure of DNA
CD Activity 1 CD Activity 2
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Butane Isobutane
Slide 1
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The Tetra Valence of Carbon
Slide 1
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Carbon Can Bond to Itself
Slide 1
Increasing Length Increasing Branching
Allows Ring Structures
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Carbon can form Double and Triple Bonds
Slide 1
Single Bonds
Double Bonds
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Slide 1
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Slide 1
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CD Activity
Slide 1